Every evening, I walk barefoot on the red plastic runway, and every foot is communication with the earth. This feeling of closeness often brings me a lot of happiness, and when I think about how many people pass by here every day, those well-trained athletes and their coaches, even those who are still marching at the moment, can become their track, which can be an arena, a workplace or a place to exercise. So they always walk in a hurry, so they don't feel happy. At this time, I will feel how much life cares for me. Of course, life also brings us suffering, but I always feel that life brings us suffering because we can keep a clear mind after suffering, and then use this heart to feel the beauty of life and face life with a smile. (This makes me feel very happy. From happiness to happiness, their starting point actually comes from a touch. Although this touch word is beside our hand, we can touch it with our feet, eyes, nose, mouth, ears and heart.
Poetry is a non-practical and non-utilitarian creative literary style that expresses the spiritual world of human beings. We are going to learn poetry today. Our purpose is not only for the exam (nor does the national education department mean it). What's more important is to enrich our inner world, sharpen our feelings and cultivate our interests with the help of poetry. Therefore, to achieve this goal, we must let poetry enter our hearts. Last year, we said that we should let poetry tame us and establish a relationship with poetry. In fact, the real meaning of taming is please conquer me and make me fall in love with you. Then I think from the first three classes, I can see the expression of our classmates' concentration and fascination. I think it is possible for us to fall in love with poetry. Today, we take the initiative to say: let's touch poetry, only in this way can we really feel happy and happy.
The fox said to the little prince, "If you tame me, there will be sunshine in my life." I will recognize a sound in the messy footsteps ... Your footsteps will sound like beautiful music to me, and it will call me out of my hiding cave. Look, see that wheat field? Unfortunately, I don't eat pasta. Wheat fields are useless to me, so they are meaningless. Your hair is blond. You think, once you tame me, how wonderful it would be. Facing the golden wheat field, I will think of you. And I, too, will love listening to the sound of wheat waves rolling ... "
So where do we start? We have to touch poetry with our mouths and hearts, so here I ask you to establish a second concept, that is, poetry is for reading.
People often compare poetry with music and architecture, saying that poetry is a building that falls on paper and music condenses into words. This is very reasonable. They just vividly described two characteristics of poetry, one is "beautiful rhyme" and the other is "beautiful rhythm".
First, accurately divide the rhythm of poetry.
A poem can be broken down into several beats, so we call it several scales, and each scale contains several words, so we call it several scales.
Second, we divide the rhythm accurately and pay attention to the flatness, then the beauty of the rhyme of poetry will come out.
Let's take three poems on page P44 as examples to read poems.
(B) Poetry appreciation
Pay attention to three points: 1.
2. Grasp the images and symbols, and pay attention to the forms and techniques of expression.
3. Application of imagination and association.
Lesson 1 imagine, associate and understand the world
When talking about his love for poetry, Mr. Liang Qichao said that when he read Tang poetry, he sometimes couldn't understand what was said in the poem, but he just felt beautiful and liked reading it. We say this is because Mr. Liang grasped the beauty of poetry through his sense of language. This is a kind of reading enjoyment of poetry.
As learners, it is not enough for us to stay at the reading level. We should also learn to interpret poetry, that is, appreciate it. Appreciation means recognition and appreciation, so every appreciation activity is both mental work and spiritual enjoyment. Last class, we said that poetry is a creative literary style to express the human spiritual world. Although there are some skills to follow in poetry appreciation, it still depends more on the richness of our readers' hearts. Only by maintaining a lively attitude in the process of appreciation can we prevent the rigid state caused by excessive dependence on skills. So how can we keep a lively mind? In fact, it is very simple, as long as we can keep our hearts moving.
On the basis of mastering certain skills skillfully, this spiritual touch shows that we should fully mobilize our association, imagination and creativity. In other words, when we read the word "lilac", we can only think of lilac. It would be better if I could think of a girl in a white dress with long hair fluttering and an oil-paper umbrella walking in a rainy lane. When we see "red beans", we can think of women who are eager to wear in our minds; Seeing Wicker, we can think of Liu Yong's Yang Liuan, The Wind is Withering. Through the soft length of wicker and the hand-like shape of the wind, I can think of the situation that people at the ferry are reluctant to say goodbye. Seeing "peach blossom", we think of a face comparable to it, and so on, constantly mobilizing imagination, association and creativity, our hearts have been enriched.
See what the students can think of after reading these poems:
1, Trinidad warbler sings green and reflects red.
2. Autumn snow in Xiling is outside the window, and Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the door.
3, falling flowers are independent, rain and tears fly.
4, makeup, whispered to her husband: Is the thrush deep and out of date?
Five flowers, money, give them to the boy in exchange for good wine.
Poetry interpretation belongs to the technical level, and we should pay attention to two aspects: First, we should learn the method of knowing people and commenting on the world, and pay attention to the background of the times and the poet's experience. The second is to grasp the artistic conception of images. Let's talk about knowing people and discussing the world:
For example, there are two songs to present (1). Guess whether it's Li Bai or Li Shangyin's work.
Upstairs, I want to rest at dusk, and the jade ladder is like a hook.
Bananas are not exposed (the heart is particularly afraid of the cold spring), and lilac knots are in the same direction as the spring breeze.
Li Bai wrote that sorrow is "white hair and three thousands of feet, and sorrow is like a long beard." "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords, we are even more embarrassed to drown our sorrows in wine." Another example is, "Don't you see how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return?" You can't see the lovely hair in the bright mirror of the high room. Although it is silky black in the morning, it has turned into snow at night. " Is there sadness in such a sentence? Life is short, and time is fleeting. This is inevitable sorrow. As Li Bai himself said, his sorrow is "eternal sorrow", which is a great sorrow. However, the sadness in Li Shangyin's poems has been pent up for a long time, so it is very touching and sad. I always feel that Li Shangyin's poems are deeply grieved and that the poet's nerves are particularly delicate.
If we understand that Li Bai, whose personality is completely different from that of Li Shangyin, would not write this kind of poem, and further contact the difference between the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty, we will also think that poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty or poets in the early Tang Dynasty are unlikely to write this kind of poem, because by the late Tang Dynasty, the vitality and charm of the early Tang Dynasty have been lost.
For example, Chen Ziang wrote "Sorrow":
"On the Youzhou Tower" and "Before me, where was the past era? Behind me, where are the future generations? I miss the heavens and the earth, and I am alone in tears. "
It is to connect personal disappointment with the whole era, so that a small poem has an infinitely open artistic conception.
For example, Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn" "I woke up in this beautiful spring morning, and birds were singing everywhere. But now I remember that night, that storm, and I want to know how many flowers were broken. " There are troubles, but more fun.
Here, Wang Changling, a frontier poet, "Seven Songs of Joining the Army (I)", "The bonfire is 100 feet west of the city, and you sit alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk. Even the flute player and Guan Shanyue don't have to worry about Mrs. Jin Wanli. "
There are no couples in prison. With the autumn wind blowing from Qinghai Lake, the feeling of homesickness is tumbling at will, and the sound of Qiang flute leads to a great outbreak of homesickness. This poem has a broad artistic conception.
Another example is Du Fu's poem "Leaves fall like the waves of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward." If the sadness is too heavy, it will be "by the railing, how can I not cry?" . Anyway, it will vent. In other words, this is also a kind of writing sorrow. The sorrow in the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty is "great sorrow" and the late Tang Dynasty is "small sorrow"
Therefore, we say that we should interpret poetry, know people and discuss the world. It is simple to know the background of a poem, but we need to accumulate an understanding of the author's experience and the influence of this experience on his character.
Grasp the image and artistic conception of lesson two
Put forward the question of image: What effect will it have if Xin Qiji's "drunken lamp to see the sword" is changed to "drunken lamp to see the flowers"?
Why did Xin Qiji's image change from "sword" to "flower"? A depressed hero who drinks alone to drown his sorrows recalls his military career in the middle of the night, but a poem "Flowers" turns the hero into a prodigal son who leans on the red and the green. This scene is somewhat ambiguous. The reason for this change is nothing more than the different symbolic meanings of the two words. A sword is a weapon, but a flower is just a plant. But when we understand that the sword is not only a weapon, it reminds people of the battlefield of warriors and chivalrous men, saves the country, makes contributions, and thinks of all heroic achievements, while flowers are a symbol of women. When things in nature have some symbolic meaning, they become "images".
The analysis of poetic images is the breakthrough to interpret works. Image is an objective image that incorporates the poet's subjective feelings, or expresses the subjective feelings with the help of objective images. Things are objective, do not exist because of people's existence, and do not change because of people's likes and dislikes. This is what the ancients said, "There is infatuation in the world, and this hatred has nothing to do with romance." But once the image enters the poet's artistic conception, it takes on the poet's subjective color, which is also the wind and the moon. Once poets began to praise the romantic, romantic is no longer the original natural romantic.
Not only literary works, but also ordinary people. If an object or thing makes us feel, it will also become an image. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu once quarreled because of misunderstanding. Back to Yuan and Xiaoxiang Pavilion, one stood in the wind and the other sighed at the moon. This is the time when they are deeply troubled, so the wind and the moon are not cold images, but the objects they pour out this evening and their emotional sustenance. For example, "from grazing to fattening" in "The Quiet Girl in the Wind" is beautiful and different; The beauty of prostitutes is the embarrassment of beauty. " Humble fat, because it carries love, becomes extremely precious.
In other words, "meaning" is the perceptual thing, that is, the conscious thing, and the poet's aesthetic experience and personality interest are the "meaning" things in the image. They are expressed by language and exist in the form of words. Then when we readers appreciate poetry, we should use our own artistic association and imagination to restore these words to vivid images, and then further understand the poet's thoughts and feelings.
In the process of poetry appreciation, what we see is words, and what we have to do is to dig the emotion behind words. For example, what are the emotions behind "Child Cannon", "Child Ze" and "Shang Tong" in Qin Feng Without Clothes? -the same enemy is indispensable. To finalize this feeling of "sharing weal and woe", we must first look for the images in poetry: "the same robe", "the same shirt" and "the same clothes", so this comes back to the meaning that we said at the beginning that images are a breakthrough in poetry interpretation.
Generally speaking, the images and emotions in classical poetry are easy to grasp, and sometimes they can be felt at first reading, while the interpretation of new poetry depends more on the analysis of images, which also involves the unit requirements of Unit 1: "Understand the meaning and symbolic function of images initially, and master the thoughts, emotions and expression techniques of poetry."
After knowing what image is, we should also understand that the ultimate goal of poetry appreciation is to appreciate and enjoy the overall artistic beauty of poetry, so we put forward an "artistic conception", which usually refers to the realm caused by the whole poem, several poems or a poem, that is, to consider all the images together:
Silence is a water lily.
Liu Zhanqiu
Silence is a water lily.
Facing the summer sunshine
It's a fallen leaf in the deep mountains.
Fall into a bottomless abyss
It's always on the noisy bottom of the sea.
Fish swimming deep in blue.
That's a sad girl's face.
Flash in front of the closed window
This is a yellow photo.
It is the stubborn and loving eyes of the stars.
It was in the warm March of the band.
A sudden pause
Liu Zhanqiu vividly demonstrated the artistic conception of silent poetry with seven vivid pictures.
He Fang, a poet in the Song Dynasty, replied: "A stream of smoke, the wind in the city, and the plum rain is yellow." Three sets of overlapping shots, the image metaphor of sadness.
What's so good about Zhang Xian's "Clouds Break the Moon Shadow"? The words "broken" and "lane" just write the hidden "wind", so the moon is clear and the flowers are pleasant, which is naturally a beautiful realm.