King Hui of Liang said, "I am a country, and I devote myself to it. If Hanoi is fierce, the people will move to Hedong and the millet will move to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? "
Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Drum filling, weapon company, abandoning armor and dragging troops away. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? "
Say, "no! Straight (zhǐ) is not a hundred steps, but also a walk. "
He said, "If Wang knew this, there would be no hope of more people than those in neighboring countries."
"If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If the number (ù) does not enter the pool (wū), the fish and turtles will not be able to eat; Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't be eaten, and wood and wood can't be used, which makes people lose their lives (sāng) and die without regret. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.
"Five acres of house, the tree with mulberries, fifty people can dress (clothes) silks. Chickens, dolphins and dogs () and livestock () can eat meat for 70 people without wasting time. A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I respect the teaching of Preface very much and apply it in the sense of filial piety. White prizes will not be placed on the road. Seventy people eat clothes, silk and meat, and the people are not hungry or cold. However, people who are not wàng are not here.
"Dogs eat people's food and don't know it, but they don't know it when they are coated with skin O. When people die, they say,' It's not me, it's old'." Why is it different from stabbing and killing people? Say,' If it's not me, it's a soldier? The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "
2. The origin of China and its stylistic types.
King Hui of Liang said, "I am a country, and I devote myself to it. If Hanoi is fierce, the people will move to Hedong and the millet will move to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? "
Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Drum filling, weapon company, abandoning armor and dragging troops away. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? "
Say, "no! Straight (zhǐ) is not a hundred steps, but also a walk. "
He said, "If Wang knew this, there would be no hope of more people than those in neighboring countries."
"If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If the number (ù) does not enter the pool (wū), the fish and turtles will not be able to eat; Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't be eaten, and wood and wood can't be used, which makes people lose their lives (sāng) and die without regret. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.
"Five acres of house, the tree with mulberries, fifty people can dress (clothes) silks. Chickens, dolphins and dogs () and livestock () can eat meat for 70 people without wasting time. A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I respect the teaching of Preface very much and apply it in the sense of filial piety. White prizes will not be placed on the road. Seventy people eat clothes, silk and meat, and the people are not hungry or cold. However, people who are not wàng are not here.
"Dogs eat people's food without knowing it, but they don't know it when they are coated with O. When people die, they say,' It's not me, it's age.' Why is it different from stabbing and killing people? Say,' If it's not me, it's a soldier? The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "
3. Mencius' common sense of literature
Mencius (about 372 BC-about 289 BC) was born in Zou (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province). He is a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. According to legend, he is a descendant of Qingfu, the son of the noble Lu. His father's name is Ji and his mother's name is M Mǎng. Mencius was a great thinker and educator in the Warring States period, and a representative of the Confucian school.
Also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Representative works such as I want what I want, I get more help from the Tao, but I don't get much help from the Tao, Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, Wang Gu talks about him around me, etc. have been compiled into junior high school Chinese textbooks, and I am the country has been compiled into senior high school Chinese textbooks. Politically, Mencius advocated that law precedes king and benevolent government; Theoretically, he admired Confucius and opposed Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai. He advocated benevolent government, put forward the people-oriented thought of "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch", and traveled to Qi, Song, Teng, Wei, Lu and other countries, following the example of Confucius to carry out his own political views, which lasted for more than 20 years.
However, Mencius' theory of benevolent governance is considered to be "circuitous and broader than things" and has not been implemented. Finally, he retired to give lectures, and together with his students, he "wrote a book with preface poems, described the meaning of Zhong Ni (namely Confucius), and wrote seven pieces of Mencius". Mencius "nurtures my noble spirit". Those who are upright and upright are called gentlemen. It is wrong to call qigong in this world. Those who are upright and upright are rich because of virtue, and empty without virtue. In ancient times, qi was invisible, so it was called qi. Later generations admired Mencius as a "sub-saint" and respected him as a "sub-saint". He was sacrificed by Confucianism.
His disciples and re-disciples recorded Mencius' words and deeds into a book, Mencius, which is a collection of recorded essays and Mencius' speeches, compiled by Mencius and his disciple Zhang Wan.
One of Mencius' "Four Books". In the mid-Warring States period, Mencius and his disciples Zhang Wan, Gong Sunchou and others. Mencius, Mencius' disciples and disciples' records. The earliest inscription in Zhao Qi's "Mencius" reads: "This book was also written by Mencius, so it is called Mencius". There are eleven pieces of Mencius recorded in History of Han, and there are seven pieces and fourteen volumes. The total number of words is more than 35,000 words and 286 chapters. According to legend, there are four other books of Mencius, which have been lost (this book of Mencius is a fake of Yao Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty). This book records the politics, education, philosophy, ethical thoughts and political activities of Mencius and his disciples.
4. All the notes of "I am in the country" in Chinese compulsory course 3,
(1) Liang: Wei Huiwang, whose real name should be. When he was in office, he moved the capital from Anyi (so the address is in the west of Yuncheng, Shanxi) to Daliang (now the city is in Henan), so Wei is also called Liang and Wang Wei is also called. So: (2) I am a man with few virtues, and I am an ancient monarch. ⑤ Hanoi: The area north of the Yellow River in Wei State is in Jiyuan City, Henan Province. (6) evil: disaster, that is, famine. (7) Yu: Tao. (8) Hedong: the area east of the Yellow River, now southwest of Shanxi Province. The Yellow River flows through Shanxi Province from north to south, so it is called the east of Shanxi Yellow River. This refers to grain in general. (10). (1 1) check. (12) Politics: those in power. (13) Nothing: nothing like ... (65438+) population increase. (15) Yes: Answer. (16) Wang Zhanxing: Your Majesty likes to fight. Good: Yes. Please: Please allow me. (18) metaphor: for example, explanation. There is no meaningful interlayer. The word "zhi" below is also used in this way. (2 1) When the weapons were connected, the weapons of the two armies had already contacted, indicating that the battle had begun. Soldier: Weapons: Connected, contacted and confronted. (22) Armor, an ancient combat suit with a metal plate on it. So ... (27) He Ru: How about it? (28) ambition: pass the "talent", but. (29) is a pronoun, this, this, referring to the above "fifty steps without stopping." (30) For example, if. (3 1) is a conjunction, but. Delay. This refers to the delay. (36) Time: season. (37) Valley: the general term for grain. (38) victory: complete and exhausted. No.39: Fine. (40) net. (4 1) town: low-lying land, here refers to the pond. (42) Gold: An axe. (43) Time: According to a certain season. (44) health: health. (45) mourn the dead. (46) regret: regret. (47) Wang: Mencius advocates benevolent governance of the world, which is called "Wang". Houses and gardens occupy two and a half acres each. (50) Trees: used for planting. (5 1) clothes and silk: put on silk clothes. (52) Dolphin: Piglet. (53) pigs. (54) livestock: livestock. (55) don't (57) Lose: means "missed", followed by "caught". (58) Hundred mu of land: According to legend, an adult farmer could get 100 mu of cultivated land in ancient times. (59) Prudence means doing it seriously. (60) A preface: The name of ancient rural studies is called Shang (Yin). The Zhou Dynasty called it "Dong". (6 1) Teaching: Enlightenment. (62) Shen: Repeat. This means repeating teaching. (63) Filial piety: In ancient times, it was "filial piety" to respect parents and "filial piety" to love brothers. (64) Meaning: truth. Gray hair. Award: Pass the "scenic spot". No, carry things. Wear it with something on your head. (66) Benefiting the people: refers to ordinary people. However, this (this) is. (68) Wang: That is, benevolence governs the world. (69) None: prepositional object. Food. (72) inspection: restraint. (73) Tu: Pass the "Tao" and be on the road. (74) Yi: People who starve to death. (75) Law: It refers to opening warehouses to release grain and relieve the hungry. (76) years old: years old. (77) not me, soldiers also:
5. What is common sense in literature?
The range of literary common sense is 1. Writer's works.
Including: the names, characters, numbers, overflow numbers, dynasties, works and collections of ancient writers in China, their position in the history of literature, and the style of collections; Names, places of origin, times, works and collections, masterpieces and representative works of modern and contemporary writers in China, as well as the evaluation of authors and works; Names, nationalities, times, works and collections of foreign writers, famous works, representative works, literary schools, and comments on authors and works. 2. Common sense of ancient culture.
Such as astronomical calendar, geography, official position, imperial examination etiquette, title and so on. 3. Stylistic knowledge and categories.
Including ancient stylistic knowledge and categories as well as modern stylistic knowledge and categories, such as narrative, expository, argumentative, poetry, prose, novels and so on. 4. Knowledge about the job content.
Such as characters, plot arrangements, famous sentences and paragraphs described in famous articles; The source of idioms, allusions and famous sentences in ancient writers' works; Famous sentences of poetry and songs; Wait a minute.