Envy them is actually a metaphor. It means that you can't get an official position yourself, but you can only envy those who have an official position in vain.
This poem expresses the author Meng Haoran's intention to recommend himself as an official to the then Prime Minister Zhang Jiuling, which is euphemistic and implicit.
This sentence comes from Meng Haoran's Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang.
The full text is as follows:
The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.
The main idea of this poem is:
Dongting Lake in August is flush with the shore, and the water and sky are the same color, which is connected with the sky.
Yunmeng Erze's water vapor transpiration is in vain, and the stormy waves seem to shake Yueyang City.
I want to cross the river, but I can't find a boat or paddle. It's really shameful to idle around in an enlightened age.
Sitting by the river watching others fish hard, you can only envy others for their success in fishing.
About the author: Meng Haoran, a representative of the pastoral school of landscape poetry, is also called "Wang Meng" with Wang Wei. When he was young, he lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain and studied behind closed doors for 30 years. He went to Beijing twice to seek an official position, failed in an exam, and failed to recommend him at a friend's wine table, and then went to Jingzhou and Zhang Jiuling. He has contacts with Li Bai, Wang Wei and Wang Changling. Life is mainly roaming and seclusion. He was a rare poet who died in rags in the Tang Dynasty, but he didn't want to disappear, and he often worried about not getting the opportunity to be an official. Most of his poems are idyllic, quiet and lonely, including Meng Haoran's Collection.
The background of this poem: It was written in the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (733), when Meng Haoran was still a hermit. He went west to Chang 'an, unwilling to be lonely, and wanted to come out to do things, but he didn't recommend it, so he wrote this poem to Zhang Jiuling, who was in the prime minister at that time, hoping to get the appreciation and appointment of Zhang. So, this is a dry poem.
Full text appreciation:
1, this poem belongs to the five-character rhyme. The first four sentences describe the scenery and magnificent spirit of Dongting Lake. ?
2. The first copy: The lake here in the eighth month is a single air and paradise. ? Set off the vastness of the lake with a wide plane?
Appreciation: Autumn water is rising. Dongting Lake in August is full of water, and the water surface is flat with the shore. [Look closely] From a distance, water and sky are one color, and Dongting Lake is connected with the sky. Is it water? Is it a day? I can't tell them apart. 【 The first two sentences describe Dongting Lake as extremely vigorous. Wang Yang is vast, nourishing everything and accommodating all rivers. The majestic momentum is amazing and people's horizons are extremely broad.
3. Couplets: The mist of Yunmeng Valley hangs over Yueyang. Use a narrow three-dimensional to highlight the momentum of the lake shocking the world?
Appreciation: These two sentences are actually about Dongting Lake, which is called a famous sentence describing Dongting Lake. "Yunmengze" is an ancient Ozawa, and "steaming" describes the vastness and richness of the lake. The "wave shake" sets off the surging turbulence of the lake, which is of great power. These two sentences describe the vastness and vitality of Dongting Lake. Why vanity is contained in water? Because the water vapor evaporated from the water covered the whole Yunmengze, the rich accumulation of lake water nourished the vast swamp area around it, which was lush. And the swaying lake is full of momentum, surging, choppy, shocking the earth, shocking Yueyang City [on the northeast bank of Dongting Lake, a scenic spot to watch Dongting Lake], and how heroic it is to let this lakeside city shrink under its own feet! ?
Dongting Lake described by the poet is not only boundless, but also full of vitality and choppy waves. [combination of static and dynamic, combination of virtual and real, audio-visual combination]?
Necklace: I want to cross the river, but I can't find the boat. I'm ashamed. I'm lazier than you politicians. [allusions]?
Appreciation: Facing Dongting Lake, I want to cross it, but there is no boat to show that I want to come out and do things, but I suffer from no recommendation. [In the book of life, there is "If you help the giant river, take you as the boat"? Show that you value each other] When I was in Taiping Shi Sheng, I was idle and did nothing, and I was ashamed of being holy. I'm sorry about this age. It shows that although he retired to the countryside, it was not his intention, but he suffered from no opportunity and no one quoted him. He is still eager to be an official. At the same time, there are also complaints about the talented people in the prosperous times.
5. Tail couplet: When I sit here and watch a fisherman throw fish, he has a feeling of being a fish. [allusions]?
To express your feelings about empty fish, you can only sit and watch Pipa Xing. In these two sentences, the poet skillfully used the allusions of "It is better to retreat and weave a web" and "Huai Nanzi said Xun Lin", which is another innovation; And "fishing" and "lake" take care of each other. Praise each other without leaving a trace, ask for help, and hope to get the appreciation of the ruler, but not humble and beneath your dignity. ?
These four sentences are expressive, implicit and euphemistic, unconventional, and as good as writing a scene [obviously asking for an introduction, but not a recommendation] to express your feelings and desires. [Later, he was appreciated by Zhang Jiuling and accepted as a staff member, but he still didn't become an official, and finally he returned frustrated]
6. How to understand the poetry of the last four sentences?
Clear: the last four sentences were changed from the previous scenery to lyric. ?
"I want to cross, but I can't find a boat" is the author's dream triggered by the vast lake. In fact, this is a metaphor for my present situation: I am still in the wild, and I want to be hired into the ranks of universities but no one wants me, just like crossing the lake without a boat. In order not to lose his identity, it is shameful to say that he lives in seclusion and does not become an official. The last two sentences tell me how I feel now: watching others fish, I have a feeling of expecting fish. The implication is: I also want to be an angler, and I hope Zhang Jiuling can help me with fishing gear and realize my wish to catch fish. There is no way to be an official in the last two sentences. ?
7. How to evaluate the artistic features of this poem?
Qing: Dry poems are not easy to write well, and they are often written in a humble way, showing a cold face. However, this dry poem is well written, measured, euphemistic, implicit and fully expressed. After writing about the vastness of Dongting Lake, it's really rare to be able to skillfully use the old saying that "it's better to retreat than build it on the net" in Huai Nan Zi's Xun Lin.
This poem first describes the momentum of Dongting Lake, and then expresses that he hopes to be introduced, full of political ambitions, but also has complaints that he failed to display his talents in the grand event.