Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and was a famous poet Du Zhisun in the early Tang Dynasty. In the fifth year of Tianbao (AD 746), he went to Chang 'an, and then went to the imperial examination. Due to Li's treachery to power, Du Fu and all the candidates fell behind, so he failed to become a scholar all his life. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang 'an, he called himself Shaoling's grandfather and was called Du Shaoling. Study and travel before the age of thirty-five. During the Tianbao period, he went to Chang 'an and had no way to join the army. After ten years of hardships, he won a small position in which you Wei led Cao to join the army. At the beginning of An Shi Rebellion, he was exiled and captured by the rebels. After getting out of danger, the official got a left pickup truck. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west. Finally he went to Sichuan and settled in Chengdu. He once played Yuan Wailang in Jiannan Our Time Yanwu, so he was also named Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. Wandering in Hubei and Hunan, he died of poverty and illness.
Zi Mei lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Her poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which is called "the history of poetry". He cares about the country and the people, has a noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and is known as the "poet saint".
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation.
Self-styled Shaoling Yelao, Du Shaoling, Du Gongbu, etc. China was a great realistic poet in ancient times, and was known as a "poet saint". He wrote 1400 poems in his life. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. The distant ancestor was Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father was Du Xian. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as the "Great Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190. This is Du Gongbu.
Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of life sufferings, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people.
Wang yue
Notes on the title or background of a book.
There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest extant poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated.
original text
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly around in front of my nervous eyes ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
Song of chariots
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See Du Gongbu Collection written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in the tenth year of Tianbao (75 1). That year, the Tang Dynasty marched eastward and recruited soldiers, which led to a restless life for the people. Du Fu felt this and wrote "Car Shop" to express his anger.
original text
Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists.
My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao.
On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky.
Passers-by asked the soldiers how they got there, saying only that the roster was frequently recruited.
Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty.
When they set out, the mayor wrapped a headscarf for them and came back with a white head.
Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped.
Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain?
Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field.
Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight.
Although the elders have doubts, how dare those who serve complain?
Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting.
The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from?
If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl.
Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle.
Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers killed since ancient times have not been buried.
The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky.
spring scenery
Notes on the title or background of a book.
In July of the first year of Emperor Xiaozong of the Tang Dynasty (756), Du Fu learned that Su Zong was in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia), that is, the position of the emperor, so he settled in Qiang Village, Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) and defected alone. On the way, he was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. He had to get away the next spring. During the days when he was forced to stay in Chang 'an, he wrote many poems reflecting the life in the occupied areas, either worrying about the country or thinking about his relatives. Hope in Spring is the masterpiece of this time.
original text
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Li Shihao
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See "Du Gongbu". As one of the three officials, it was written in 759 AD. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and the country was not a country, and the people were in poverty. That year, the author moved to Xin 'an, Shi Hao and other places, witnessed the official recruitment activities, and felt this. The three officials are Xin 'an officials, Shi Hao officials and Tongguan officials. Shi Hao, now southeast of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province.
original text
At dusk, officials arrested people at night.
The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch.
Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night.
If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning.
The night is long and silent, like crying and choking.
Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone.
Wedding farewell
Notes on the title or background of a book.
The wedding farewell in Du Fu's "Three Pillars" has carefully shaped the image of a young woman who understands the righteousness. This poem is in the form of a monologue. The whole poem uses seven words "Jun", all of which are heartfelt words from the bride to the groom. It is touching to read.
original text
Rabbit silk is covered with hemp, so it is not long.
It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband.
If you get married, you won't warm your bed.
Goodbye in the morning of the wedding, nothing is too busy!
Although your trip is not far, keep the border and go to Heyang.
Why should I worship my aunt when my body is not clear?
When my parents raised me, they made me hide day and night.
If you have a daughter, you will get a chicken and a dog.
You're going to die today, and you've been forced into your intestines with deep pain.
Swear to go with you, the situation is yellow.
Don't worry about the wedding, work hard!
Women in the army are afraid of being soldiers.
A girl from a poor family has been a prostitute for a long time.
Lolo quit and washed his red makeup.
Looking up at a hundred birds flying, your body will double.
There are many personnel mistakes, facing Junyong!
Shuchengxiang temple
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See "Du Gongbu". Written in the first year of Shangyuan (760). At the end of that spring, Du Fu moved to Huanhuaxi Caotang, took time to pay his respects at Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, and wrote this book "Shuxiang" to express his grief.
original text
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See The Collection of Du Gongbu, written in the spring of the second year of Shang Dynasty (AD 76 1), which was written by Du Fu in Chengdu when he was wandering in the southwest in his later years. In the description of the spring rain, the poet reveals his joy in the spring rain.
original text
Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.
The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.
Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.
The autumn wind broke the hut.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See Du Gongbu Collection, written in 76 1 year, when the Anshi Rebellion had not subsided. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), Du Fu's relatives and friends helped him build a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi outside Xiguo, Chengdu, to settle down. In August of the following year, the thatched cottage was destroyed by the autumn wind. Du Fu had mixed feelings and wrote "The thatched cottage was blown by the autumn wind" as a souvenir.
original text
In August and autumn, the wind roars,
Roll up three layers of grass on my house,
Mao Fei crossed the river and sprinkled it in the suburbs.
The tallest one has a long forest tip,
The next man floated up and sank into the depression of the pond.
The children in Nancun bullied me,
Endure facing a thief,
Open your arms and walk towards the bamboo forest.
Dry mouth, unable to breathe,
Come back and sigh.
After a while, the wind changed the color of clouds and ink,
Autumn is bleak and dark.
This cloth has been cold for many years.
Joule lay down, his feet crackling.
There is no dry place in the bedside table.
The feet of the rain are like hemp.
Because of mourning and lack of sleep,
How can you get wet at night!
There are thousands of buildings in Ande,
All the poor people in the world are smiling.
The wind and rain do not move!
Oh!
When I suddenly saw this house,
I can freeze to death alone!
It is said that loyalists have recovered Henan and Hebei.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See "Du Gongbu". In the first month of the first year of Zong Guangde (763), Shi Chaoyi (son of Shi Siming) was defeated and hanged himself in the forest. He handed over Tian and Li Huaixian. So far, Henan and Hebei regions have been recovered one after another. Du Fu wrote this poem when he lived in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan). Henan and Hebei refer to Luoyang and northern Hebei.
original text
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
Four quatrains (Part I)
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Du Fu's seven-character quatrains are rare, but this one is one of the most popular poems in China. Popular and easy to understand, plain as words, but it also contains the poet's aesthetic ideal, which is highly praised by scholars. It can be said that elegance is based on vulgarity, and elegance is rewarded.
original text
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
Foreign night
Notes on the title or background of a book.
A Night Abroad was written by Du Fu when he left Chengdu in 765 and took his family to the east by boat, passing through Yuzhou (Chongqing, Sichuan) and Zhongzhou (Zhongxian, Sichuan).
Although he is young, he has the ideal of "being a gentleman first, then being simple". In the end, I accomplished nothing, but I was old and sick, and my relatives and friends were scattered and drifted alone. He is on such a vast river, and he seems to be Europe between heaven and earth. Where will he fly? Lonely, lonely! The author's feelings are deep.
original text
The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast.
The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.
I hope my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office! .
Flying around, what am I like? But sandpipers in the vast world! .
Climb the peak
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See Du Gongbu Collection, written in the autumn of 767 in Dali, Tang Daizong, when he lived in Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Sichuan). In ancient times, there was a custom of climbing mountains on September 9. This poem was written by Du Fu with the feeling of climbing the mountain, expressing his feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years.
original text
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Meet Li Guinian at the lower reaches of the river
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Li Guinian was a famous musician in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods in Tang Dynasty. Du Fu once heard his songs in Luoyang when he was young. After wandering in Jiangnan in his later years, Du Fu reunited with musicians from other places. At this time, it has been more than ten years since the "prosperous Tang Dynasty" before the "An Shi Rebellion". Both the poet and Li Guinian have entered their old age, and they met in such an environment full of memories and sadness. Therefore, the poet uses very implicit language to express his feelings about the ups and downs of the past.
original text
In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times.
Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.
Du Fu is an old beggar.
It is not uncommon for scholars to be beggars at all times and in all countries.
Chen Xiying said in "Gossip" in No.48, Volume II of Modern Review (1925,165438+1October 7): "When someone was traveling to Spain, his guide pointed to an old beggar-like man and said that Don Quixote was written by Cervantes. The listener was surprised and said, Cervantes? How did your government make him so poor? The tour guide said, "If the government kept him, he wouldn't have written Don Quixote's works. "To this end, Lu Xun's two brothers played a pen and ink battle. Lu Xun said in Not a Letter that Chen Xiying was "hearsay"; Zhou Zuoren's "Cut off" said, "I think this story is very interesting, and I can't help but be a little crazy about textual research". Finally, I came to the conclusion that "his predicament is really vivid, but it seems that no one has finally seen the truth about his quail knot-naturally his relatives and friends have seen it, but they have not recorded it. "
Whether Cervantes is really a beggar or not, it is a fact that Du Fu is a beggar. Tang Fengzhi's Miscellaneous Notes on Silk in Yunxian County quoted "Notes on Flowers Huanxing": "Du Fu lives in Shu, and every silkworm is ripe, that is, he prays with his son:' If you have pity, give me some silk. ""Yunxian Miscellanies "is a very short book, and the author is unknown. Its authenticity can be seen from Du Fu's bumpy life experience.
Du Fu failed to make an appointment during his first few years in Chang 'an. Later, when his father died, he lost a fixed source of income and his life was more difficult. His grandson Du Ji lives in the southern suburbs of Chang 'an. In order to disturb a meal, he often walks around, but his grandson's life is not comfortable. He was unhappy to see his elders coming, but he couldn't say anything. He just showed it by his actions: digging rice well and swinging hard. Cutting vegetables in the garden, let it go. Du Fu was deeply touched by this and wrote "Revealing from Ji Sun", "I don't know who is right or wrong. There are many amazing doors. I'm looking for my grandson. Small people are honest, but thin customs are hard to say. It's a clan, not a dish. Don't be suspected by the outside world. The same surname "Gu Suodun" is a manifestation of the bleak mood after being left out by the "clan".
Of course, there are also many friends to help. Once Du Fu got malaria, his face was pale and emaciated, his head was white, and he almost died. After recovering from a serious illness, he went out on crutches and unconsciously came to Wang Yi's door. Seeing Du Fu like this, Wang Yi was very sympathetic. He bought meat and wine and treated him warmly. Du Fu expressed his gratitude to him with the poem "Drinking after Illness": "But I only want to meet you for a long time when I am full in my old age."
In fact, since then, Du Fu has lived a life of begging everywhere intentionally or unintentionally. His poem "Vote for Men in Hua Xian and Hua Xian Counties" "Hungry, that is, ten days, how can my clothes be tied together?" It is a true portrayal of his life in Chang 'an. "Yunxian Miscellaneous Notes Flying Cicada at Night" quoted "Farewell Collection": "Every friend of Du Fu arrives and leads his wife. When Wei saw it, he retired and asked his wife to send cicadas at night to help him make up for it. " The husband is poor, and the wife naturally looks shabby. Du Fu didn't think so himself, but the guests really couldn't see it, so he asked his wife to send a headdress.
Later, Du Fu was forced to leave Chang 'an and go to Chengdu. At first, the family stayed in an ancient temple near Huanhuaxi, and the family couldn't open the pot. Du Fu himself recorded: "The entrance is still empty, my wife sees me of the same color, and the idiot doesn't know the father-son ceremony, so he is angry and begs and sings." The child is too hungry to stand, so he doesn't care about the father and son's gifts. He made a hullabaloo about to his father and asked him to go to his neighbor's house for a meal. There is no way. Du Fu, who worked as a small official for a few days, could not keep his face, so he had to bite the bullet and leave a face, and sent a letter of help to his fellow villager and Pengzhou secretariat Gao Shi: "A hundred years have passed, and the autumn solstice turns to hunger and cold. When is Pengzhou animal husbandry difficult to save? " Gao Shi sent rice from a hundred miles away to help him, and the neighborhood cooked some side dishes for him, which saved him from cooking without rice. Du Fu has a poem to prove it: "Monks in ancient temples are in prison, but empty tenants live there. The old man offered rice, neighbors and garden vegetables. "
Shu Zhen bo made Yanwu admire Du Fu's name and recommend him as a foreign minister of the Ministry of Supervision. That's how Du Gongbu came. Yin Peimian, a friend, also chose a beautiful place for him in the upper reaches of Huanhuaxi and built a hut, which is the Du Fu Caotang we see now.
In 765 AD, a month after Yanwu's death, Du Fu left Chengdu by boat with his wife and children. Six years later, according to "Biography of Wen Yuan in the Old Tang Dynasty": "Go back to Hunan, visit Hengshan Mountain and live in Leiyang. I just tasted the Yue Temple, but I was blocked by the raging water and couldn't eat for ten days. Leiyang ordered people to know, so he returned from the ship. In the second year of Yongtai, he spit beef and white wine and died in Fuyang overnight at the age of 50. " The general situation is that Du Fu, who lived in Hunan after leaving Sichuan, was hungry for nine consecutive days because of the sudden flood. The local county magistrate rescued Du Fu by boat and entertained him with beef and white wine. Du Fu, a rare glutton, died of drunkenness that night.
Du Fu lived a beggar-like life for three main reasons:
First, bad luck. Well, as I said today, I'm just a little behind. When Du Fu was young, he didn't make much progress. Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty said that he was "poor but not self-motivated, visiting wuyue and Qi Zhao". In 747 AD, the charming Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered all talented people from all over the world to choose the capital, and Du Fu, a 35-year-old poet with a large amount of poems, rushed to take the exam. However, it backfired. It is said that the traitor Li was afraid that the selection of talents would not be conducive to his control of state affairs, so he got in the way and made mischief. As a result, no one cared. Instead, he congratulated the emperor on the table and said that he was a "wild legacy." At this time, Du Fu, the father of Yanzhou Sima and the magistrate of Fengtian County, died, cutting off his source of livelihood. Forced by his livelihood, he had to sell medicine or send food to his friends along the street. This end of the road was written by himself as a poem entitled "Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei Zuocheng": "When you are rich, the evening is fat; Broken cups are everywhere. " This is also the beginning of Du Fu as a beggar. Although Chang 'an's life is a little bitter, he is still unwilling to give up his pursuit of wealth and splendor, and keeps throwing poems at dignitaries in order to attract their attention and appointment. In 75 1 year, he presented "Three Rites Fu" to Xuanzong, which was praised, but he was ordered to wait in Jixian Academy. As a result, I waited for four years for the first time, and finally there was no following. Cao, who finally became a right-back, led a government soldier. Du Fu thought that he would be successful in official career from now on, only to find that only one month later, the Anshi Rebellion disrupted his plan again. Life is important, everyone rushed out of Chang' an. In 757 AD, Guo Ziyi led an army to recover the capital, and Du Fu returned to Chang 'an with Tang Suzong and his officials. At this stage, he finally had a few days of stability. But he didn't know how to preserve our sanity, but he had to put in a good word for Wan Fang, the prime minister who always lost in riots (because Wan Fang always took good care of him), so he offended Tang Suzong. In May 758 AD, Du Fu was demoted to Sigong in Huazhou to join the army, and was responsible for small things like sacrifice, and never climbed up again.
Second, the character is "arrogant". This is not what I said, but what Song Qi, who participated in the compilation of New Tang Book, said. Song Qi believes that Du Fu's personality is inherited from his grandfather Du Shenyan, that is, "arrogance". Du also said in Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty, "Rely on their talents and be proud of their illness". Du is a scholar, a poet and a guest of Wu Zetian's leader. Du Fu, a biography of Du Fu in the New Tang Dynasty, said brazenly: "My article should be wronged, Song should be an official, and my pen should be Wang Xizhi's." Du Fu is not inferior to his grandfather. According to Song Wangshu's "Tang Yulin" Volume II. Du Fu once boasted: "If Zhaoming is reborn, thank Liu, Cao and Er." Grandpa is crazy, and people still want to buy it. Du Fu is crazy, but the timing is not right. "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty: Literature and Art" said: "I will kill time in Yanwu, and I will go to the southeast and give up. Wu Zaishuai Jiannan, Table Staff Officer, Proofreading Department Yuan Wailang. Taking the past as the past is good for you and close to your family. When I first saw it, I sometimes didn't wear a towel, but I was arrogant and arrogant. I got drunk, boarded the martial arts bed, glared and said,' Yan Ting has this son!' "This shows that Du Fu is ungrateful to Yanwu. See Yanwu, he didn't wear a headscarf, also don't say hello. Once, he drank too much and got drunk. He actually stood on the throne of Yanwu, staring at his eyes and saying strangely, "Yan Ting has such a son!" Who's Yanwu? He is an open government official, brave and good at fighting, and naturally bears a grudge. "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Literature and Art" records: "One day, I wanted to kill Zizhou's secretariat Fu and Zhang Yi, and gathered officials at the door. The generals came out, crowned with hooks and curtains, and the left and right mothers were white. They ran to save and killed Yi alone. " Strangely, if Yanwu hadn't gone out to kill Du Fu, the crown had been hooked three times, and someone took the opportunity to tell his mother to save Du Fu, and Du Fu's ten lives were gone. Zhang Yi is not so lucky. It can be seen that although Yanwu was helpful to himself, Du Fu looked down on him in his bones and sometimes showed it intentionally or unintentionally. Later, although Yanwu didn't kill him, his support naturally diminished. Finally, when Yanwu died, Du Fu couldn't stay any longer.
3. Self-esteem is lofty, high or not. "New Tang Poetry" is a legend of Du Fu: "If you are open-minded and don't behave yourself, talk about world events, be high and not cut." In his official career, Du Fu didn't have no chance, but delayed himself. In 755 AD, 44-year-old Du Fu suddenly received a power of attorney from the imperial court, asking him to go to Hexi as the county magistrate. His main task is to collect taxes and chase thieves. Moreover, Hexi was desolate and remote, and Du Fu felt too bitter to take office. Later, I didn't know who helped him, so I was flexible. The court turned him into a right-back and led Cao Jun to join the army. Although he is also a sesame official, he is close to Chang 'an and easy to communicate. Obviously, he has more opportunities for promotion, so he accepted it and finally embarked on his official career. After he was demoted because of the Wan Fang incident, he simply resigned and left. At that time, many literati could not survive. They can open a library and teach students life through training, which Du Fu failed to do. He just wanted to be an official, but he never got what he wanted.
Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Mei Poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty said: "However, it is not poetry that can help the poor. Those who are almost there will have to work in the future." Qian's Preface to Feng Dingyuan's Poems in Qing Dynasty also said: "Poetry is poor and backward. Poetry must be poor, poverty must work, and it is logical. " In ancient times, people thought that the poorer a scholar was, the better his poems would be. It was because of his beggar life that Du Fu was able to write many poems that cared about the sufferings of the working people and was finally called a poet saint. Objectively speaking, it is really not a bad thing for a scholar to be a beggar.