This song has been popular from Kaiyuan and Tianbao years in the Tang Dynasty to the middle and late Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, due to a misunderstanding of Su Shi, it was renamed "Three Stories of Yangguan", and at the same time, its spread reached its peak, which became a farewell repertoire of Song people. Later, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became A Qin tune and became one of the top ten famous songs in ancient China.
Wang Wei was once a palace maid in Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty. In modern terms, he is in charge of the music of etiquette reception in the Protocol Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Moreover, Wang Wei is not only proficient in temperament, but also good at painting.
The first two sentences of his farewell poem are picturesque, and the last two sentences are meaningful and affectionate. As for the object of farewell in the poem, it seems that it should be an official sent to Anxi to defend the border. According to the Law of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu said that this "Yuan Er" was the poet's Yuan Jie.
1. Appreciation of Send Yuan Er Shi An Wei
The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf
Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their relatives when they go out to the sun.
The exact writing time of this poem is unknown. Some scholars have analyzed that it should have been written after the 25th year of Kaiyuan (AD 737), that is, before the Anshi Rebellion.
The first sentence at the beginning of the poem directly points out the location of the incident, in Weicheng, northwest of Chang 'an. This used to be the old city of Xianyang in the Qin Dynasty. When the Tang people went out from Chang 'an to Yangguan, they all started from Weicheng, so Weicheng had a special official post station.
In the early morning, there was a shower and it stopped soon. So it is "light dust in the rain". It didn't rain much, but the ground was just wet.
This rain can be said to be just right, because it is small, just to clean up the flying dust raised on the official road, and there will be no water and mud left on the road.
The drizzle wet the green willows on both sides of the road and the white powder wall of the guest house, making their colors fresh and lovely, just like being dyed by the painter.
Farewell words are often written as a sad work. For example, in the last sentence of Bai Juyi's Farewell to the Ancient Grassland, "Ah, my friend's prince, you left again, and I heard them sigh behind you", and Wang Wei himself said, "Spring grass is green every year, my friend's prince, and you?" .
However, Wang Wei's farewell in this poem is very calm. This is because Yuaner was ordered by the king to guard the Anxi front. At that time, the national strength of Datang was at its peak, and the Anshi Rebellion had not yet broken out.
Although Anxi is withdrawn and life is not as convenient as Chang 'an, it is not too dangerous. And after the expiration of his term of office, if there are no mistakes, Yuaner may be praised by the court or promoted.
Nevertheless, Wang Wei still wants to express his reluctant feelings towards his good friend Yuaner in his poems. With good brothers, you won't say goodbye in the style of "children * * *". China people like to propose a toast to each other when they bid farewell to their friends, so Wang said in the last two sentences of the poem, "I advise you to have a drink."
Have another drink, have another drink, why? Because this glass of wine represents "brotherhood". Out of Yangguan, I went to Khufu Anxi. Although there is wine there, there are no "old friends" to drink.
Once published, Wang Wei's "Seven Wonders" became popular throughout the Tang Dynasty. Li Henian, the younger brother of Li Guinian, a famous musician at that time, composed it into "Cheng Wei Qu" and sang it everywhere. Later, Bai Juyi hosted a family dinner and always sang. Because of its emotional intensity, it is just right and suitable for a wide range of occasions.
After the Yuan Dynasty, people in China called giving a banquet to entertain friends "welcoming guests". Presumably, the word "welcome guests" comes from Wang Wei's "shower in the rain and ignore the dust" However, the "welcome" here no longer means saying goodbye to relatives and friends. Because there is a special song to sing at the farewell party, and its name is "The Third Floor of Yangguan".
Second, "Chengwei Qu" and "Three Layers of Yangguan" When Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Shi An Xi" was popular in the Tang Dynasty, the title of the song was always called "Chengwei Qu". After it was spread to the Song Dynasty, the Song people made a mistake about the names of Yangguan and Weicheng songs.
They take "Yangguan Qu" as another name for "Weicheng Qu". In fact, "Yangguanqu" is a minority style song in the Tang Dynasty. After the name change of Weicheng Qu, it was originally sung at a banquet in the form of a song.
Later generations constantly improved this piece of music and added several groups of lyrics at the back. It is tantamount to carefully handling Wang Wei's story and singing it in three paragraphs, which together are called "Three Stories in the Sunshine Pass".
Literature in the Song Dynasty was extremely prosperous, and literati liked to revise ancient poems when they had nothing to do. Li Bai and others' masterpieces "Thinking about a Quiet Night" and "Walking into the Wine" have been changed countless times. Of course, this farewell poem by Wang Wei is no exception.
Even more and more outrageous, and later it has become a long poem with more than 130 words. It is said that Su Shi also argued with others about the singing method of this song: this song was originally called "Three Stacks", but now it has been sung as "Four Stacks".
Hu Zhenheng, a writer in Ming Dynasty, said in his works: Wang Wei's works are the most prosperous in Tang poetry, and Li Yi and Bai Juyi's works are the most prosperous in the middle and late period. Under the influence of Yangguan Qu, there are 164 works in Song Ci, which use the sentence pattern of "send Yuan 20 An Xi".
From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, from Weicheng Qu to Yangguan Qu, and finally to Yangguan Triassic, it was also related to Su Shi. Because he once mentioned that the ancient song of this song is a "three folds" in "The Fourth Sound of Yangguan".
Some scholars say that this is actually because when Su Shi read Bai Juyi's poems, he mistook the "sound" in Bai Juyi's "Singing Four Sounds of Yangguan" for "overlap", and as a result, Yangguan Qu became "three overlaps of Yangguan".
But this involves ancient phonology, which Su Shi can't understand, especially for modern ordinary people. During the Yuan and Jin Dynasties, there were relatively few people who sang "Three Layers of Yangguan", but Yuan Haowen and others could still sing.
Ming and Qing dynasties entered a trough and gradually changed from songs to piano music. During Hongzhi period in Qing Dynasty, the piano music "Three Layers of Yangguan" became popular. Since then, it has changed from a popular song sung by ordinary people in the streets and on the wine table to an elegant guqin song at a banquet.
In Huanglongshan's newly published Imitation Sound Spectrum of Ming Dynasty, there are actually eight paragraphs in Yangguan Sandie. It's a pity that the first paragraph is Wang Wei's poem, and later it was all added by later generations themselves. It's better to call it "Eight Folds in Yangguan".
Because of the cultural meaning of "farewell" contained in Weicheng Qu itself, the Triassic in Yangguan has been circulated for thousands of years. In modern times, in addition to guqin music, there are also pipa music, flute music and other forms, which have gradually become the representative works of China's top ten classical music.
Conclusion There are many excellent farewell works in the Tang Dynasty. Why is Wang Wei's "Cheng Wei Qu" the most popular? I think he is familiar with Li Guinian and Li Henian, except because he used to be a music official in Tang Palace.
It is because he is proficient in music that he uses soft words such as "light dust", "green" and "new" in his poems. So this little poem is not only poetic to read, but also soft and fresh to sing.
In particular, the last two poems directly describe a farewell scene at a banquet. "I advise you to have another glass of wine." All sincere feelings, heartfelt farewell, and all kinds of rich and complicated emotions were contained in that glass of sake and an "old friend", so they were widely praised.