(1) Read the following and complete 1-5 (16 points).
Mathematicians and poets exist in our world as prophets. It's just that poets are considered arrogant because they are aloof, and mathematicians are avoided because they are different. Therefore, poets are often subject to novelists in literary and art groups, just as physicists lead mathematicians in science and technology associations. But this is only a superficial phenomenon.
(2) "I can't be a poet," william faulkner admitted euphemistically in his later years. "Maybe every novelist wants to write poetry at the beginning. When he finds that he can't write it, he tries to write short stories, which is the most demanding art form besides poetry. If you can't write it again, you can only write novels. " In contrast, physicists are not so modest, but in any case, for every physicist, the growth of physical knowledge is always guided by both mathematical intuition and empirical observation. The art of a physicist is to choose his materials and use them to plan the blueprint of nature. In this process, mathematical intuition is indispensable. Perhaps everyone has noticed that it is as easy for mathematicians to switch to physics or computers as it is for poets to switch to writing novels or essays.
Mathematics is usually regarded as the absolute opposite of poetry, which is not entirely correct, but there is no denying that it has this tendency. The mathematician's job is to discover, while the poet's job is to create. The painter degas sometimes writes sonnets. When chatting with the poet Malamei once, he complained that he found it difficult to write, although he had many concepts, in fact, there were too many. Malamei replied: Poetry is a product of words, not a concept. On the other hand, mathematicians, especially algebra, mainly engage in concepts, that is, combine certain concepts. In other words, mathematicians use abstract thinking, while poets' thinking is more vivid, but this is not absolute.
Mathematics and poetry are the products of imagination. For a pure mathematician, the material he faces seems to be lace, like a leaf, like a meadow or a change of light and shade on a person's face. In other words, the "inspiration" denounced by Plato as "the poet's fanaticism" is equally important to mathematicians. For example, when Goethe heard the news of suicide in Jerusalem, his eyes suddenly brightened. He immediately thought of the outline of Young Werther and recalled, "This booklet seems to have been written unconsciously." When Gauss, the "prince of mathematics", solved a difficult problem that puzzled him for many years, he wrote to a friend and said, "Just a few days ago, it succeeded, just like the moment when lightning struck, the mystery was solved; My previous knowledge, the method I tried last time and the reason for my success, how these three are related, I have not been able to sort out the clue myself. "
⑤ Mathematics often appears in the form of interaction with natural science branches such as astronomy and physics. But in essence, it is a completely self-contained (extremely broad for itself) and most authentic knowledge field. Just like the real written language, it is not only used to record and express thoughts and thinking processes, but also to create them in turn (through poets and writers). It can be said that mathematics and poetry are the most free intellectual activities of human beings. Paul Tula believes that mathematics is a solid fortress. This fulfilled Faulkner's words: as long as people have the will to yearn for freedom, they will not be destroyed. Through years of research and practice, I think that the process of mathematical research is more or less a process of intellectual tempering and appreciation, which may be an important reason why mathematical research is so attractive. I can fully understand the philosopher George Santayana's words in his later years: "If my teachers had really told me that mathematics was a pure game with assumptions, completely suspended in the air, I might have become an excellent mathematician. Because I feel very happy in the field of nature. " Of course, I don't rule out that great thinkers pursue the intellectual fashion of the times, just as women follow fashion in clothing.
Compared with other subjects, mathematics is a career for young people. The most famous mathematics prize-Fields Prize is specially awarded to mathematicians under the age of 40. Riemann died at the age of 40, Pascal at the age of 39, and von Neumann at the age of 34 (according to Fang, according to the information provided by a reader, Neumann died at the age of 54, 1903- 1957), Raman Neuyoung died at the age of 33, Abel died at the age of 27, and Galois died. Some mathematicians, such as Newton and Gauss, have a long life, but most of their main work was done when they were young. On the other hand, we can list a long list of poets who died young: Pushkin, lorca and Apollinaire died at 38, Rambo at 37, Wilde at 34, Mayakovski at 32, Plath at 365, 438+0, Shelley and Ye Saining at 30, Novalis at 29, Keats and petofi at 26. Taking painting as an example, Gauguin, Rousseau and Kandinsky all started their careers as painters after the age of 30. Therefore, we have reason to believe that mathematicians and poets need genius most in science and art. The difference is that for poets, one generation wants to tear down what another generation has built, while the other generation wants to destroy it. For mathematicians, every generation can add a floor to old buildings. Because of this, poets are more likely to appear or disappear than mathematicians.
The poet's language is famous for its conciseness. Ezra pound is known as the "master of simplicity". No one seems to do better in this respect, but I don't know that the language of mathematicians is the same, and the language of mathematicians is still a common language. Goethe once joked that mathematicians are just like the French. No matter what you say, they can be translated into their own language and immediately become something completely new. Marx taught us that a science can only get real development when it can use mathematics. Accordingly, poetry is the common element of all arts, and it can be said that every work of art needs "poetry". So Mozart has the reputation of "musician poet" and Chopin is also called "piano poet". It is not difficult to imagine that there is "amazing symmetry" between a beautiful mathematical formula in a scientific paper and a few beautiful lines quoted in an article or conversation.
1. Fill in the following form as required. (3 points)
Mathematicians and poets
Different (1)
(2)
(3)
2. Correct understanding of this article means () (3 points)
A. Because poets are aloof by nature, novelists often have a higher position in the literary world than poets.
B the mathematician's career is a young man's career because his main job is in his youth.
C. An important reason why mathematical research is attractive is that mathematics is the freest intellectual activity of human beings.
D. This paper expounds the similarities between mathematics and poetry through the symmetry between mathematicians and poets.
3. The example of "Prince of Mathematics" Gauss in the fourth paragraph is intended to prove _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2 points)
4. Summarize the "amazing symmetry point" of mathematics and poetry. (4 points)
( 1)__________________________________________________________________
(2)__________________________________________________________________
As mentioned above, the phenomena of "symmetry" and "harmonious beauty" abound. Please give examples. (4 points)
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(2) Read the following and complete 6- 12 (22 points).
Rediscover Andersen
① On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Andersen's birth, the best memorial to Andersen should be to inherit the essence of Andersen's fairy tales at the ideological and cultural level, and to reflect deeply on the current childhood state of China along the thinking direction of Andersen.
I think, for Andersen's audience in China, we need to "rediscover" Andersen today. Andersen is an iceberg writer, and his works contain his profound and unique thoughts on human nature and life. Andersen belongs to both children and adults. Andersen can always read and innovate in every stage of individual life and every era of group society.
(3) Speaking of today's era, I once said in the article "Who will be responsible for the construction of Noah's Ark in childhood-Reflections on the ecological crisis in childhood": "Our cultural ship, whose eyes are obscured by the fog of materialism and utilitarianism, has lost the spirit of life existence, and it is rapidly moving away from the" earth "that Holderlin shouted for" living poetically "under the impetus of modern nuclear energy. As a historical concept, children and childhood, which have always been undertaken by adult society, still exist in today's adult society, and they are destined to be dragged to dangerous waters by this lost clipper. "
④ From the perspective of children's culture and childhood ecology, China society is paying a heavy price for development-at the expense of the destruction of childhood ecology. A child, a vibrant life, came to this world to enjoy a free and happy life and experience a colorful life. However, due to the utilitarianism widely pursued by society, schools and families (including the supremacy of science, knowledge and material), the blue sky in which children live is actually covered by several textbooks. Don't study to be, but live to learn. Learning is not to bring spiritual enrichment and happiness to life, but to turn life into a learning machine. Isn't this the childhood life state of ecological destruction?
It is a pity that "children" have hardly become the spiritual resources of contemporary ideological and cultural circles. Moreover, today's ideological interface is both dull and insensitive to the crisis faced by childhood ecology and lacks a sense of responsibility. We often hear: some education experts even say that reading Confucian classics can be better than singing nursery rhymes, because nursery rhymes such as "little mouse, go to the lampstand" are worthless; Some scholars, known as "ideological fanatics", will arbitrarily blame the problems caused by the responsibility of adult society, such as children's weariness of learning, running away from home, indulging in internet cafes and even committing crimes, on the moral decay caused by the expansion of children's own instinctive desires, and then oppose "liberating children" and "respecting children", thinking that "this statement is superficial but unreasonable"; Some scholars, on the one hand, advocate the unique value of children's literature, on the other hand, give the green light to compulsory schools and family education; Some scholars use the pain of material shortage as a child to cover up and deny the deeper pain of today's children's mental helplessness and hesitation.
⑥ In such an era when childhood ecology was destroyed, "the rediscovery of Andersen" became particularly meaningful. So, what is the special significance of Andersen in China?
⑦ brandeis explained the social conditions for Andersen to become a genius in his famous thesis "The Fairy Tale Poet Andersen": "Compassion for children is only a phenomenon of sympathy for all innocent things in the19th century. ..... In society, in science, poetry and art, nature and children have become objects of reverence. " Andersen clearly conforms to the tradition of romantic poets. The value of Andersen lies in what brandeis called "universal recognition" and "childlike innocence". This childlike innocence makes Andersen's way of looking at life have one of the most obvious characteristics-being dominated by the mind, which is the real Dane. This way of thinking itself is full of emotions, so seize every opportunity to praise the beauty and importance of emotions. It transcends the will (flax's fate comes from the outside world in the whole life process) and opposes the criticism of pure reason, such as confronting something stubborn-the evil of the devil and the mirror of the wizard. It replaces self-righteous science with the most commendable and humorous innuendo (such as The Bell and A Leaf Falling from the Sky) ... "
⑧ Andersen is an insight into society and human nature, and a thinker who is worried about the tendency of human society to ignore and forget "nature". As Banma pointed out: "The fundamental spirit of Andersen's fairy tales is to convey the feelings of a' natural person' rather than a' social person'; This also reflects an "aesthetic" rather than "utilitarian" concern. There is no doubt that this is a "dream", not a "documentary". It is' original' rather than' alienation'. "
If we are responsible for childhood, We should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ There is no doubt that in this process of "children's rediscovery", Andersen's fairy tales are a method and a philosophy.
6. Andersen is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2 points)
7. The performance of The Best Memorial of Andersen mainly includes two aspects: (2 points)
( 1)__________________________________________________________________
(2)__________________________________________________________________
8. What does the word "ecology" mean in the sentence of "sacrificing the ecology of childhood" in the fourth paragraph? (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
9. The following two statements are true () () (6 points)
A. According to the author's thinking, the full text can be divided into two parts, of which the second part should start from paragraph 5 to the end.
The quotation in paragraph (3) is intended to show that people today cannot "live poetically" under the influence of utilitarianism.
C. In view of the present situation of children's life, question the viewpoint of belittling the connotation and value of children's songs.
D Andersen's great contribution to human society is that his works are full of "sympathy for children".
E. Children enjoy the freedom and happiness of life, and the right to experience colorful life is deprived by knowledge and materialism.
F. This article has a rigorous structure, distinct levels, unique angles of exposition and implicit language, which makes people feel shocked to read.
10. Looking at the whole text, the reason why the word "zai" in Andersen's Rediscovery cannot be removed is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 1. Write three more sentences in the blank space at the end of the text according to the meaning of the text. (3 points)
It will be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
It will be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Is it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12. Briefly describe the characteristics of this article in the discussion and elaboration. (3 points)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
(3) Fill in the blanks in the following famous articles and sentences. (Optional 5 spaces, if more than 5 spaces, the first 5 spaces shall prevail) (5 points)
13.( 1) If Qin loves the people of the six countries, then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) My pillow and my mat, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in Dreams")
(3) _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the moon goes downstream. (Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Country)
(4) The rise and fall of Luoyang, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. ("Li Shu")
(5) If you want to smoke a thousand miles, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (Liu Yong's "Yulinling")
(6) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The Analects of Lutz
(7) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mencius wholeheartedly.