Rufu means entering the dog days of summer. "Summer solstice three Geng several heads fall", this is the basis for establishing the first fall. The almanac stipulates: "On the third Geng day of the summer solstice, the number of volts begins." This means that counting from the summer solstice to the third Geng day, the number of volts begins. The "Geng Day" here refers to the day with the prefix "Geng" in the ancient "Stem and Branch Day Calendar".
The date of Geng Day changes and is not fixed, so the date of entering the ambush is different every year, but the date of entering the ambush is always between July 11th and July 20th. The period from the fourth Geng day to the fifth Geng day is the middle period, and the first Geng day to the second Geng day after the beginning of autumn is the last period. Each Geng day is 10 days apart, and the number of Zhongfu days is not fixed. There are 4 Geng days between the summer solstice and the beginning of autumn, and the Zhongfu is 10 days. There are 5 Geng days, and the Zhongfu is 20 days.
Sangeng
In ancient China, the heavenly stems and earthly branches were combined to record time. There are 10 numbers for the heavenly stems, which are A, B, B, D, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, and Gui. There are 12 numbers for the earthly branches, which are Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai. If you match the heavenly stems with the earthly branches, you will get Jiazi, Yichou, Bingyin, Dingmao..., which cross and match 60 times, so it is called 60 Huajiazi. "Three Geng" means encountering three "Geng" characters, and the third Geng day is the first day of the month. Since there are 10 heavenly stems, a Geng day appears every 10 days, such as Geng Zi day, Geng Yin day, Geng Chen day, etc. 365 days in a year (366 days in leap years) are not integer multiples of 10. One day this year may not be Geng Day next year. Since Geng Day changes constantly, the date of entering the ambush is different every year.
The volts are divided into the first volt, the middle volt and the last volt, which are called the three volts. Summer is the hottest period of the year because the nights are getting shorter and the days are getting longer and the sunlight is closer to direct sunlight. But the summer solstice is not the hottest time yet, because most of the heat absorbed by the ground is dissipated at night. However, more heat is absorbed and less heat is dissipated every day. It accumulates and becomes hotter day by day. In about 20 days, the weather will reach the hottest day.
The date of Sanfu is from the third Geng day after the summer solstice to the first Geng day, the fourth Geng day to the fifth Geng day to the middle Fu period, and the first Geng day to the third Geng day after the Beginning of Autumn. Two Geng days are the last days. Each Geng day is 10 days apart, and the number of Zhongfu days is not fixed. There are 4 Geng days between the summer solstice and the beginning of autumn, and the Zhongfu is 10 days. There are 5 Geng days, and the Zhongfu is 20 days.
Fu means to escape the heat. Starting from the summer solstice, the days start to get shorter and the nights start to get longer. There is a cold factor lurking in the middle of the heat. The original name "Fu" was very scientific.
Three Volts
"Three Volts" refers to the first, middle and last periods, which is about the period from mid-July to mid-August. After the summer solstice, although the days are getting shorter and the nights are getting longer, the days are still longer than the nights. The ground still absorbs more heat than it emit, and the temperature near the ground is getting higher day by day. During the "three volts" period, the ground absorbs almost more heat than it emit, and the weather is the hottest. Later, the heat absorbed by the ground begins to be less than the heat emitted by the ground, and the temperature slowly drops. Therefore, the hottest time of the year usually occurs during the "three days" of the summer solstice.
Counting from the third "Gen" day after the summer solstice, Chufu (10 days), Zhongfu (10 or 20 days), and Mofu (the first Geng day after the Beginning of Autumn), 10 days), is the hottest time of the year.
"Ding Du's Protector's Song"
Tang Dynasty/Li Bai
Yunyang went up to conquer, and merchants on both sides of the strait were spared.
When Wu Niu gasps for breath, why does the tugboat have to suffer?
The water is turbid and cannot be drunk, and the slurry in the pot is half turned into soil.
As soon as I sang the song of guardianship, my heart burst into tears.
Thousands of people chiseled the rock, but there was no way to reach the Jianghu.
Looking at the bright stone, you are hiding your tears and feeling sad for eternity.
Although Li Bai was wild and unrestrained, he also longed to serve the country and save the people, so there was no shortage of works that cared about the people's sufferings. This "Ding Duhu Song" describes the pain of the people tugging the boat in the hot summer. "Wu Niu Panting the Moon" not only writes about the extremely hot weather, but also about the labor of boatmen. This broad-minded poet who "never shed tears in his life" also "heartbroken with tears like rain" here, which shows his concern for the country and the people.
"Asceticism"
Tang Dynasty/Wang Wei
The red sun fills the sky and the earth, and the fire clouds form mountains.
The grass and trees are all burnt and curled up, and the rivers and lakes are all dry.
The light Wan feels that the clothes are heavy, the dense trees are bitter and the shade is thin.
Don't get close to the quilt, and wash it again and again.
Thinking outside the universe, the wilderness is vast.
The wind blows thousands of miles away, and the rivers and seas become turbid.
But when he was worried about his body, he realized that his heart was not aware of it.
Suddenly entering the nectar gate, it feels like a refreshing joy.
This poem describes the heat of the hot summer weather: the red sun is in the sky, the grass is dry and the water is dry, no matter how thin the clothes are, they feel heavy, and no matter how dense the woods are, the shade of the trees is not enough to block the scorching sun. Even Wang Wei, who has always practiced Zen and worshiped Buddha, and cultivated his moral character, also wanted to escape from the universe. This is evident from the viciousness of summer.
"The bitter heat of early autumn still piles up cases"
Tang Dynasty/Du Fu
On July 6th, the bitter heat is steaming, and I can't eat for a while.
I often worry that there are always scorpions at night, but after autumn there are more flies.
The belt is so mad that I want to scream, why should I come to see you in such a hurry?
Looking to the south, there is a short gully with green pine trees, and you can step on the ice with your bare feet.
This poem describes the author's unbearable feeling during the hot summer. Not only is it reflected in the content, but also the way it is written is full of complaints. The poem breaks away from the conventions of rhyme and rhythm, using four oblique characters at the beginning, and using obsessive language in the third, fourth, seventh, and eighth sentences. Reading this poem, one can understand a little bit about Shaoling's "I will never stop dying if my words are not shocking".
"Viewing the Cutting of Wheat"
Tang Dynasty/Bai Juyi
The Tian family has few free months, but in May people are even busier.
The south wind blows at night, and the wheat is covered with yellow.
The women carry baskets of food, and the children carry pots of pulp.
I went with him to the salary field, and Ding Zhuang was in Nangang.
The feet are full of heat and rustic, and the back is scorching with the light of the sky.
I am too exhausted to know the heat, but it is a pity that the summer is long.
There is a poor woman with her baby next to her.
The right hand holds the earrings, and the left arm hangs a basket.
Hearing his words of care makes those who hear them feel sad.
The taxes on the family fields have been exhausted, and this is left to satisfy the hunger.
What merit do I have now? I once did not work in farming and mulberry trees.
The salary of an official is three hundred stones, and there is more than enough food every year.
I feel ashamed when I think of this, and I will never forget it.
The poem "Viewing the Cutting of Wheat" was written in the second year of Yuanhe (807) of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty. When Bai Juyi was serving as the county lieutenant of Yuxi County, Shaanxi Province at the age of thirty-six, he felt that the local people worked hard and lived in poverty. A poem written by. "My feet are full of rustic heat, and my back is scorching with the scorching sky. I'm exhausted and don't know the heat, but I regret that the summer is long." These four sentences describe the work of harvesting wheat in a positive way. Their faces were facing the earth and their backs were facing the blue sky. The bottom was like steaming, and the top was like roasting. However, they used all their strength to wield their sickles and cut forward. They seemed to have completely forgotten the heat, because this was "grabbing food from the tiger's mouth." , time must be grasped. The work denounces the heavy taxes that are the source of people's poverty. The poet feels deeply guilty about his lack of merit and virtue and does not work but can have enough food and clothing. It shows the humanitarian spirit of a conscientious feudal official.
"Climbing the West Tower in the Bitter Heat on a Summer Night"
Tang Dynasty/Liu Zongyuan
I got up at night in the bitter heat and climbed the building without clothes.
The mountains and rivers are filled with summer heat, and the stars are shining brightly.
The fire crystals are dry and moist, and the wild winds are still and powerful.
Exploring the soup and draining the well, the stove opens its doors.
I have been wandering for a long time and cannot stop sweating.
Mo Bianting complained to Xu and Ji because of his poisonous intentions.
Forgive me for not being Gu Shezi, but Jing Sheng is better than An Nengxi.
This poem was written when Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou. It describes the author's scene and feelings of going up to the building to enjoy the cool air in the middle of the night on an unbearably hot summer night. Therefore, there is no reason to complain. The whole poem closely follows the title of the poem, combining realism and exaggeration, writing "Bitter Hot Summer Nights" in every sentence, vividly describing the scorching heat in Yongzhou and the author's irritable complaints. The author is fascinated by the objects, and uses metaphor and symbolism skillfully to make the poem profound. The heat of summer and the suffering of living beings make people feel pity and fear.
"Lao Song"
Song Dynasty/Zhang Lei
There is no rain in the first three months of the summer, and the clouds are not in harmony but fly to the earth.
There is no one in the deep hall after taking a nap, and the child is sweating like rain if he wants to move.
I suddenly felt sorry for the heavy-laden people on the long street, and their bones were as long as ten stone crossbows.
Covering one's back with one's back is a life, using one's strength to support one's children.
Cows and horses are tall trees, and they are afraid that their bodies will be inflamed.
Heaven has worked hard for the people for a long time, but who knows that it is not as good as an ox and a horse.
Zhang Lei was an important litterateur in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty and one of the four scholars of the Su family. Zhang Lei was born in poverty and has been working as a subordinate after entering politics. He has a deep understanding of social reality and cares deeply about the working people. He has written many poems reflecting the suffering of the people. This "Labour Song" is one of his "Ancient Yuefu Lyrics". The whole poem is based on the material close to reality. In simple and bright language, it depicts the working attitude of "people with heavy burdens" and expresses the need to work hard in hot summer days. The sympathy and pity of the lower-class workers reflect the tragic fate of the working people from one aspect.
"Summer Drought and Bitter Heat"
Song Dynasty/Wang Ling
The breeze is unable to kill the heat, and the setting sun flies up the mountain with its wings.
People are already afraid of the rivers and seas drying up, so why would God not hesitate to dry up the rivers and seas?
As high as Kunlun there is snow, and as far away as Penglai it is often cold.
If you can’t carry the world with you, why bother to swim around it?
Wang Ling was a talented poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and was highly praised by Wang Anshi. This seven-character poem "Summer Drought and Bitter Heat" is his masterpiece. Wang Ling's poem strives to be blunt, describing the severe heat and drought, and the imagination is strange but not strange. It is relatively rare in the poetry of the Song Dynasty. It is rich in romanticism and has a strong realist idea of ????saving the world and saving the people. The poems gallop with the imagination and capture the essence of Li He, the "poetic ghost" of the Tang Dynasty.
"The wind and rain before autumn bring coolness"
Song Dynasty/Fan Chengda
Autumn comes as promised, no need to rush, the rain comes and the wind blows quickly.
But when the sun shines, it is like a bandit retreating, and the old scene comes like a tide without saying goodbye.
The wine glass stirs up the poetry, and the book invites the sick eyes to open.
I have already predicted that tomorrow will be cooler, and the dusk clouds will form chaotic peaks.
"The Storm Before Autumn and the Coolness" is a seven-character poem written by Fan Chengda, a writer in the Song Dynasty. This poem talks about the speed of wind and rain, which shows the helplessness of the previous summer suffering. The first couplet of the poem writes that autumn is coming in a hurry, and the chin couplet also writes that the summer light is receding, expressing his love for the coolness of autumn; the neck couplet writes that the poet composes poems with wine and lives by reading books; the last couplet writes that the poet believes that the weather will "be better tomorrow". "Cool" expresses the author's free and easy optimism. The poet does not care about the arrival of twilight in his old age, and does not hesitate to use his precious years to exchange for the heat. This not only expresses the poet's joy at the "coolness" of the weather, but also reflects the poet's optimistic and open-minded feelings.
"The red sun is scorching like fire"
Ming/Shi Naian
The red sun is scorching like fire, and the fields and rice are half withered.
The farmer's heart is like boiling water, and the princes and princes are shaking their fans.
Walking on the rural farm paths and seeing farmers working in the fields under the scorching sun, I couldn't help but think of this poem in "Water Margin". This is a story in the sixteenth chapter of "Water Margin" "Outsmarting the Birthday Guide". When Yang Zhi escorted the "Birth Guide" to Huangnigang, Bai Sheng, the day mouse, pretended to be a man carrying a wine barrel. 's poetry. It depicts the scorching heat and drought in summer and also reveals the anxious mood of farmers. Simple and straightforward, yet intuitive and relevant, the hot scenes come to life vividly on the page.
There is a slang saying in the north, which is called "Dumplings are spread on the first half, noodles are spread on the second half, and eggs are spread on pancakes and pancakes on the third half."
It is a traditional custom to eat dumplings during the dog days, because during the dog days, people have a bad appetite and cannot eat. In the traditional customs of the Chinese people, dumplings are an appetizing food.
Six dietary customs of Toufu:
1. Dumplings
In the past agricultural society, the time of Toufu happened to be when the wheat harvest was less than a month old. Every house is full of grain, and people take advantage of this opportunity to make tooth sacrifices and eat white noodles. In the north, dumplings are a must during the dog days. It is a traditional custom to eat dumplings during the dog days, because during the dog days, people have a bad appetite and cannot eat. In the traditional customs of the Chinese people, dumplings are an appetizing food.
When cooking dumplings, sticking and breaking are two common problems that give people a headache. How can they be cooked to keep their shape intact? In fact, during the process of cooking dumplings, the water is boiled four times before they are cooked. Put the dumplings under boiling water. When the water boils for the first time, add a little cold water, and then add cold water after the water boils. After adding 3 times of water and boiling the pot 4 times, the dumplings will be cooked and will neither stick to each other nor break easily.
2. Wontons
In some areas of the south, such as Shanghai, wontons are eaten in the first place. In fact, for southerners, wontons and dumplings are almost the same food. There is a saying among Shanghainese people that "the first one is wontons and the second one is tea".
Compared with dumplings, wontons have thin skins and become transparent when cooked. In addition, cooking wontons takes less time. During the process of cooking dumplings, you need to add cold water several times to ensure they are cooked thoroughly. Another point is that dumplings are heavy on dipping ingredients and wontons are heavy on soup, especially in Guangdong. Chicken soup and meat bone soup are the first choices for soup base. We often eat wontons with noodles here, called wonton noodles.
3. Ham
Hangzhou people “put their heads on ham and two on chicken.” Traditional Chinese medicine believes that ham has the effects of strengthening the spleen, appetizing, promoting body fluids and benefiting blood. Ham can be eaten all year round, but it is best eaten in summer. In summer, people often lose their appetite and suffer from nutritional deficiencies. Ham is rich in nutrients, not greasy when eaten, and can increase appetite. Cooking soup with winter melon is not only nutritious, but also prevents heatstroke and cures diseases.
Simmering ham in soup also has a tonic effect. You can also add some foods rich in vitamin C, such as tomatoes, to eliminate concerns about cancer caused by pickled food. Ham also has the effect of accelerating wound healing, and is now used as a supplementary food after surgery.
4. Noodle soup
On the first day of Fu, there is a custom in the north of "dumplings on the first day, noodles on the second day, and eggs on the pancakes on the third day." In the south, such as Shanghai, they eat wontons, and in Guangzhou, they eat soup noodles. . Noodles are rich in carbohydrates, can provide enough energy, and absorb a large amount of water during the cooking process. 100 grams of noodles will become about 400 grams after cooking, so it can produce a strong feeling of satiety.
In addition, noodles can stimulate people’s thinking activities. The human brain and nervous system need a food that accounts for 50% of carbohydrates. Noodles are the food that the human brain needs. Durum wheat contains B vitamins, which have a stimulating effect on brain cells.
5. Chicken
In Nanchang, "Chicken is eaten in Toufu and duck is eaten in Second Fu". Hunan and Jiangxi are adjacent, and chicken is also eaten in Toufu. Relatively speaking, there is some scientific basis for people in Jiangxi and Hunan to eat chicken during the dog days to maintain their health.
Folk proverb goes: "Eat a chicken during the ups and downs, and you will be in good health for a year." In the dog days of summer, people consume more physical energy and must supplement their nutrition appropriately. When stewing chicken, you can add an appropriate amount of ginger. Ginger is warm in nature and can adjust the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the human body in summer, allowing the human body to adapt to the external environment and play a role in removing moisture and strengthening the body. In this way, the cold in the body can be dispersed and cold syndrome can be prevented in autumn.
6. Mutton
“A bowl of soup for Pengcheng Fuyang does not require a prescription from a miracle doctor.” As we all know, mutton is a sweaty food and is the best delicacy in winter. However, Xuzhou people rise to the challenge and eat mutton with red oil chili on the hottest dog days of the year. "Fuyang Festival" is a traditional festival in Xuzhou.
Every year, the season of ambushes begins, that is, the day of the first ambushes. In the following month, people in Xuzhou gather in various hotels, restaurants, mutton restaurants, and barbecue stalls to eat mutton and drink mutton soup, so it is called "eating ambushes."
Eating mutton in the dog days can warm the body with heat, perspire and detoxify, and drive away poison and moisture in winter and spring. It is a great innovation in using food as therapy. Doctors suggest that eating Fuyang in summer will cause a large loss of water and fluid, which can easily lead to electrolyte disorders in the human body. The elderly, pregnant women, young children and other weak groups are not suitable for perspiration. When eating Fuyang, citizens should drink more water to avoid excessive sweating and eat more salty foods to replenish electrolytes.
Precautions for eating and living in Toufu:
As the proverb says, "Toufu dumplings, Erfu noodles, Sanfu pancakes and eggs." The custom of eating noodles on the dog days has been around since at least the Three Kingdoms period. At this time, the new wheat has just been harvested for more than a month, and the wheat-flavored pasta can increase appetite and expel "heat evil". The temperature difference between day and night is small in the dog days, so it is easy to have a bad rest, so do not be too active; the diet should be light and do not increase the workload of the gastrointestinal tract; pay attention to summer hygiene to avoid summer infectious diseases; the dog days are the period when food mold is most likely to occur, so pay attention to the quality and freshness of food .
Heatstroke prevention is a topic that people always need to repeat. Outdoor workers, the elderly, infants, and patients are most in need of attention to prevent heat stroke. In fact, as long as you pay attention to taking measures, the heat can be completely avoided. Drink more tea and mung bean soup, eat more light food, bathe frequently, change clothes frequently, ensure adequate sleep, take sun protection measures when going out, do not exercise excessively, avoid activities at noon, pay attention to the balance between work and rest, and avoid driving while fatigued.
During the Dog Days, skin inflammation is released and the body's metabolism is vigorous. Therefore, the ancients applied medicine during the Dog Days, and the medicinal properties are most likely to penetrate from the skin into the acupoints and meridians, dredging the meridians, regulating the internal organs, and curing diseases and strengthening the body.
When you enter the ambush, you will be blessed. Midsummer is not only hot, but also has many beautiful things.
In the scorching summer, I wish you three blessings and a happy summer!
The first blessing: Recalling childhood, childlike innocence remains unchanged, still a young man
The second blessing: The fragrance of melons and fruits, tasting delicious food, and always being healthy
The third blessing Blessing: Enjoy the coolness, have a peaceful mind, and be calm and naturally cool
The heat is in the third volt
Enjoy the present day
Although
the heat is blowing on your face < /p>