Willow image is a plant image with high frequency in China's poems. It is an original image with collective unconsciousness, which accumulates the unique aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation and embodies the national character of the Chinese nation and the unique style of China literature. The same is true of the formation of willow image, which originated from the Book of Songs, formed in the Six Dynasties and prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The reasons for the formation of Liu's image in the Six Dynasties can be investigated from the aspects of parting, lovesickness, homesickness and time consciousness.
"I left yesterday, willow, a.. Today, I think, it's raining, the chanting in the Book of Songs, and the willows fluttering in the spring breeze. Willo Yiyi has influenced and been loved by poets of all ages. I don't know the clouds, but I miss them (Xiao Zixian's Ge Yanxing), osmanthus trees are bright, catkins fall (Liu Xiaozhuo's school secretary saves snow); "Miscellaneous osmanthus is still like the moon, and the willow is more suspicious of the stars" (Uncle Bao's Poems on the Lights of Eta Ursae Majoris Temple); "Chun Qing mighty, spring willow climbing. * * * This love is helpless to say goodbye every year "(Jiang Zong's" Folding Willow "); "Peach blossoms bloom without flying, willows are in the wind" (Song of the Four Seasons in the East Palace by Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di) and so on. The image of Liu enters the poet's mind imperceptibly, and the poet will think of him when he creates.
Liu's literal meaning is clear, but poets often don't quote literal meaning in their creation. There is a folk custom of "folding willows to bid farewell". During the Six Dynasties, social unrest and life parting became a common social phenomenon. When there is "but I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn" between people and willow, people will be happy to regard willow as the emotional sustenance and load. Leaving relatives and friends, breaking a willow branch, without saying anything, expressed the sender's reluctance to retain the parting. I also hope that no matter where the parting person goes, he can flourish and be happy like a willow. I hope that he can keep the lingering affection of his old friend in his heart forever and return as soon as possible.
"Yuefu Poetry" says: "The Jade Emperor flies in the dark, and the spring breeze is full of Chinese fir. In this serenade, I heard the willows, and no one can stand the nostalgia. " It is to write about the pain of the parting trip, and to send branches on the roadside to express the feelings of reluctance. "Light laurel leaves fall, wicker is long. It's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, but don't forget to bring watches to each other "(Gu). "Wicker flies away, I ask pedestrians not to return" (Sui Zaqu "Farewell Poetry"), "Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow-colored." (Wang Wei (sending Yuaner to Anxi), etc. Or hope that the passerby will return as soon as possible, or hope that friendship will last forever, even if it is far away. There was the first poem "Folding Willow" in Han Dynasty, which reflected Liu's farewell. During the Six Dynasties, there were more than 30 songs, including 13 songs, which developed from Yuefu lyrics to literati's special creation. During the Six Dynasties, Liu Miao, Jian Wendi Xiao Gang, Yuan Di Xiao Yi and others wrote Broken Willow. Perhaps it is more in line with the refined and popular mentality of the literati in the Six Dynasties, so a large number of poems reflecting the farewell of willow trees were produced in the Six Dynasties.
As for why "folding willows to bid farewell" is formed, there is also the custom of folding plums to bid farewell. In He Che's poem "Give a Flute to Breathe and Clear the Air", "Willow folds trees at the edge of the city and the forest outside the plum tree ridge" is intertextual, which means that willow and plum trees at the edge of the city fold up to say goodbye, and only plum trees outside the ridge can grow comfortably. In Lu Kai's poem for Ye Fan, "There is nothing in the south of the Yangtze River, and a branch of spring is given by chatting" is a famous sentence to express the feeling of parting. However, the farewell of folded plums is far less prosperous than that of folded willows, which may be due to two reasons: first, the planting range of willow is much wider than that of plum, which is convenient to use local materials; Second, the willow branches are weak, long and drooping, and easy to climb.
In addition, there are many reasons why Liu became the common image of poets and poets.
Liu and Liu, Si and Si, Xu and Xu are homophonic. China people are good at expressing their emotions with homophones, and the homophones of Liu and his related objects can easily become the media to express their emotions, which exists in a large number of poems. There can be homophonic meanings such as "Liu Mo hangs silk" (Poems for Liu Yi and the West by Lu Sidao), "Hanging silk blows around the city" (Folding willow by Cen Zhijing), and "Plum blossoms suddenly enter the skirt when catkins are filled with wine" (Poems about Shangliu and Huangchunri by Xiao Yi, Emperor of Liang Yuan). What's more, "Liu" also means gathering. "Zhou Li Tiangong" notes on "Liu Hub": "Liu Zhe gathers all kinds of colors." "Liu Che" in "Shi Shiming Burial System" Note: "Liu, gathering together, gathering together with many decorations, is its shape." "Get together" means to stay together.
Liu Yi is a common thing in the living environment of poets, and it is easy to enter poetry. "Unintentionally inserted willows into the shade." Whether it's "orchid under the window, willow in front of the secret hall" (Tao Yuanming's Imitation of Ancient Poetry) or "Folding willow into the garden and walking along the pond" (Bao Xu's Autumn Night Poetry); Whether it's "the peach trees are all burnt, and the willow trees are all illuminated" (Wen Di Xiao Gang's Return to Yuefu), "The willow always blows the shore, and the flowers are all withered" (Liang's poem "Go to Jingzhou to park the Sanjiangkou"), and "The weeping willows are covered with golden dikes, and the leaves are green again" (Emperor Yang Guang), it is easy to cause their mood fluctuations and become their aesthetic images. He put on a "jasper" to make it as tall as a tree, and hung a blue silk tapestry for thousands of years. I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. "Poems written specifically for chanting willow can best express this point.
Gossip also has love "(Du Fu's Bai Sixing). Willow also has a unique performance. ""willow green hangs down, and the flowers are long and sultry. The wicker is broken and the flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back? " The shape, direction and softness of weeping willow branches themselves convey a passive drooping performance. Wicker is soft and long, symbolizing affection; Dancing catkins are in tune with the parting of wandering wanderers; The willow branches droop, which is isomorphic with the depressed waist modality when people leave with emotions. The unique expression of willow gives it a unique aesthetic and makes it look like a natural "sadness". Lu Yong "Where did you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng are dying. " Qin Guan: "The willow in Xicheng is soft in spring, moving away from sorrow, and tears are hard to collect." Wei Zhuang is the most ruthless Taicheng willow, and it is still a smoke cage. "There are endless sadness between the lines, and using the image of willow to render sadness will only make it sadder.
Willow is something in spring. With the passage of time, its ups and downs can easily give people a sense of vicissitudes. In this way, the willow not only has the symbolic significance of parting lovesickness and homesickness, but also has the symbolic significance of time. Lu You's dream has been broken for forty years, but Mr. Liu in Shenyuan doesn't blow cotton. This body is a tribute to the mountain, and it is still hanging. "Time goes by, things have changed for forty years. The old willow in Shenyuan has witnessed endless vicissitudes and sadness in the changes of years. It is a witness of the past years and a metaphor of time. " Red crisp hands, Huangteng wine, Mancheng spring willow. (Lu You: "Hairpin Phoenix"), "Everyone can't stand the homesickness." (Li Bai: "The sound of the Chinese fir flute falling on a spring night"), in the long years, there have been endless changes, endless parting, endless joys and sorrows, and only Yiyi weeping willows witnessed the loyalty of those years.
"There is no doubt about mountains and rivers, and there is another village." . In the long history, willow has been loved and respected by countless literati and poets for its unparalleled characteristics. Liu, with its rich emotional and cultural connotations, is enough to show the soul function of images in poetry.