First, set off the feelings of hurting spring and cherishing spring
Su Shi's "Huanxi Sand": "There is no mud in the sand road between the pines, and there is rain in the dusk." The sandy road between the pine forests is clean and tidy, and the misty dusk rain and cuckoo's cry are echoing. Although the author was demoted to Huangzhou, he learned the joy of life from the natural scenery, and the cuckoo here set off the author's feelings of hurting spring and cherishing spring. From scene to emotion, the author contradicts the passage of time that people often sigh, which leads to the philosophy of "Don't send white-haired people to black-haired people, sing yellow chickens" and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of being broad-minded and unshakable in adversity. "Take off your saddle and rest at Qingyang Bridge, and Du Yu will sound spring dawn." (Su Shi's Xijiang Moon) "I am afraid that the sound of rules will spread to my ears and I am ashamed to wear the curtain of Shuang Yan." (Zhu's "Wounded Spring") "Du Yuchun is exhausted and the curtain is empty." (Cao Xueqin's "A Dream of Red Mansions and Peach Blossom Garden") "The cuckoo is silent at dusk, and the lotus hoe returns to cover the heavy door." (Cao Xueqin's "A Dream of Red Mansions Buries Flowers"), they all use cuckoos to set off the feelings of hurting spring and cherishing spring.
Second, express homesickness and missing.
Missing hometown and relatives has always been a major theme in literary works. There is a saying in Huayang Guozhi: "Zi Gui is shrill and sharp, and it is the easiest to remind people not to hate homesickness." The cuckoo's song sounds like people are saying, "Let's go home." Therefore, Zigui bird is also called homesickness and urging home, which is easy to cause homesickness and missing relatives.
"Huayang has landed, and Wendaolong has passed the five streams." (Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln with this message") begins with a sentence, writing the scene in front of him, conveying feelings of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery, and conveying infinite thoughts and deep sympathy for friends with twists and turns.
Another example is Wang Wei's "Bao Zizhou makes Li": "Wanhe trees reach the sky, and thousands of peaks cuckoos crow."
Huang Tingjian's "Drunken Penglai": "Du Yusheng reminds people, it is better to return."
Liu Yong's An Gongzi: "Listen to Du Yu's words, it is better to persuade people to go home." All of the above are homesickness.
Third, pour out grief and sadness.
Du Yu, also known as Wang Di, is said to be the King of Shu at the end of the Zhou Dynasty, who abdicated and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Unfortunately, the country died, and the soul became a cuckoo after death. Every year at the end of spring, when the azalea blooms, it sings day and night, lamenting the drop of blood in its mouth. Its voice is sad, so people use it to pour out their sorrow and sadness.
"What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo bleeds, the ape whimpers. " (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) Bai Juyi was banished to Jiangzhou, and he was sent to Fujian on a moonlit night. The poet was very sad when he heard the story that the pipa girl was abandoned. Then he contacted himself, and now he is a sick exile here in Jiujiang, suffering from bitter bamboo around the house, and hearing the cuckoo crow at night makes him sad.
Li Shangyin's "Jinse" includes: "Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and the emperor was in love with the cuckoo." The poet skillfully used the above allusions to write his own sadness incisively and vividly.
Fourth, the feeling of steep national subjugation.
There is a saying in Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu": "jathyapple, we have heard the melancholy voice of Du Fu and are worried about an empty mountain." Poets express their feelings with scenery. "Zigui cries for the moon" is a natural scene with strong feelings, which sets off the bleak atmosphere here and renders the bleak and magnificent scene of worrying about ancient trees in Shu Road, becoming a famous sentence throughout the ages and widely circulated.
Li Yu's "Linjiang Fairy" contains: "Purple laurel moon goes up to the small building and cries in the west, jade hooks hang, and melancholy smoke hangs." Sub-regulation is said to have been transformed by Du Yu's soul of national subjugation, so people often use it to express the sadness of national subjugation. Here, the poet had a premonition of national subjugation, and his heart was extremely sad and melancholy, so he used the vivid image of devil to convey the voice of national subjugation.
In a word, the ancients used the image of cuckoo as a medium to express the poet's specific ideological content, which greatly enriched the meaning of ancient poetry and let us appreciate a colorful picture.