? In the sixth year of Yamato (832), the sixty-one-year-old Liu Yuxi became the governor of Suzhou. After governing for nearly three years, when he left Suzhou in the eighth year of Yamato (834), he wrote "Two Poems of Farewell to Suzhou" 》:
? One
In the third year, it was Wu County, and the ancestral account of Linqi was opened.
Although he is not Xie Jie and cunning, he is a Pei Hui.
? The general idea of ??the poem is that he has served as the governor of Suzhou for nearly three years. When he left, he held a farewell banquet. Although he was not a popular figure here, he was still nostalgic and nostalgic. Among them, "ancestral tent" means a farewell banquet; "jixie" means an outstanding and intelligent person; "Pei Hui" means hesitation.
Second
Outside the gate with flowing water, the autumn wind blows willow branches.
I have always been at the place where guests are seen off, but today I feel so lost.
? The general idea of ??the poem is that the river outside Changmen flows endlessly, and the autumn wind blows, and the willow branches flutter. This has always been a place where I see off my guests, but now I have to leave Changmen, and I feel quite lost. . Among them, "chāng" (chāng) gate is the west gate of Suzhou City, where ancient officials often hosted banquets and greeted guests; "wicker" represents farewell, and the ancients had the habit of breaking wicker to say goodbye.
? Liu Yuxi was reluctant to leave Suzhou, not only because he served as the governor of Suzhou for three years and could not bear to leave the people of Suzhou, but also because he was born in Suzhou and stayed in Jiangnan for nineteen years when he was a boy.
? Liu Yuxi was originally a descendant of the Huns. When the Western Han Dynasty was first established, the country's foundation was not stable and it was recuperating, while the Huns on the border continued to expand their territory. In 201 BC, King Xin of Han colluded with the Xiongnu in an attempt to attack Taiyuan. The following year, Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, personally led an army of 320,000 to attack the Xiongnu. He first won victory at Tonglun (now Qin County, Shanxi), and later pursued the victory until Loufan (now Shanxi). Ningwu) area.
? It was nine days of cold weather, ice and snow, and the King of Han refused to listen to the persuasion and obstruction of the outpost scout Liu Jing. He went on his own and pursued Datong Pingcheng. As a result, he fell into Mao Dun's plan of luring the enemy deep. Liu Bang The leading troops led by Bai Deng were besieged for seven days and seven nights in the highland near Pingcheng. They had no food and no reinforcements. Finally, Chen Ping's strategy was used to bribe Maodun's concubine Jue family to break the siege of Bai Deng.
? Overwhelmed by the force of the Xiongnu, the King of Han had no choice but to adopt the "marriage" policy and planned to marry the eldest princess to Maodun. However, Empress Lu only had one daughter and was reluctant to marry far away, so she pretended to be a clan girl as the eldest princess. Marrying Shanyu was a good match for Hu Han. According to custom, the Xiongnu nobles took their mother's surname, and the descendants of Maodun changed it to Liu. By the time of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang, Henan. Among the descendants of the Xiongnu who moved southward were Liu Liang, the seventh generation ancestor of Liu Yuxi, who served as an official in the Northern Dynasties.
By the mid-Tang Dynasty, An Lushan and Shi Siming launched an anti-Tang rebellion from the end of Xuanzong to the beginning of Daizong (755-763), that is, the Anshi Rebellion, which caused huge damage to the north and led to a large number of people. The population moved southward to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and to the south of the Yangtze River. Suzhou is located on the Taihu Plain, with flat terrain and convenient transportation, attracting many northern immigrants to settle here. At that time, the number of households in Suzhou increased from more than 10,000 in the early Tang Dynasty to more than 100,000 in the middle Tang Dynasty. The Liu family moved to Suzhou to avoid the Anshi Rebellion. Suzhou in the Tang Dynasty was relatively large, and its jurisdiction included today's Suzhou, Jiangsu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other areas.
? With the surge in population, Suzhou has set off a climax of reclamation, and the number of acres of land has increased rapidly. The increase in the number of tax households and acres of land provided Suzhou with outstanding tax supply capabilities, which enabled Suzhou to be promoted to Xiongzhou in the thirteenth year of the Dali calendar (778). In the Tang Dynasty, the state level was divided into eight levels: Fu, Fu, Xiong, Wang, Qian, Shang, Zhong and Xia. Among them, the levels above are mainly divided based on political status and military terrain, while the levels below are mainly based on household registration, land, grain and taxes. Suzhou's developed economy and diverse humanities provided Liu Yuxi with a good growth environment.
? Liu Yuxi’s father, Liu Xu, advocated Confucianism and was rich in economics. He passed the Jinshi examination in the last year of Tianbao (756). After moving to Suzhou, he was hired by the Jiedushi in the east of Guanzhong. Later, he served as an official in Huaixi, and concurrently served as deputy envoy of salt and iron in Huaixi Prefecture. Later, he became an official in Dianzhong Province and presided over government affairs in Juqiao. Finally, he resigned due to illness and died in Yangzhou on his way home. Although Liu Xu had a low official rank in his life, he was also a well-educated Jinshi.
? Liu Yuxi’s mother was from the Lu family of Fan Yang and belonged to a famous family, but it had declined by the Tang Dynasty. Fan Yang's Lu family originated from the surname Jiang and is a descendant of the Qi State. Gao Xi, the Duke of Qi State, was the ancestor of the Lu surname. His descendants received the surname Lu because of their fiefdom in Luyi. After Tianhe replaced Qi, the Lu and Gao families were driven out of Luyi, and the Lu family lived between the two countries of Yan and Qin. Since Lu Ao was called by the First Emperor of Qin to be a postdoc in the Five Classics, his descendants moved to the Zhuoshui area and settled in Zhuo County (today's Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province). They took Fan Yang as the county commander and were called Fan Yang Zhuo people by later generations. His mother's noble background had a positive impact on Liu Yuxi's expansion of his network.
In the seventh year of the Dali calendar of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty (772), Liu Yuxi was born. For Liu Xu and his wife, who were nearly forty years old, they were very happy. They also had deep meaning in naming their only son.
According to the record of "Shangshu Yu Gong": "Yu Xi Xuan Gui succeeded in suing Jue." This means that Emperor Shun gave Dayu a black jade Gui to declare to the world that he had successfully controlled the floods. "Xi" means "gift", and " "Xuan" is black, and "Gui" refers to the jade used as a letter, with a round top and a bottom. Liu Yuxi was born into a family with a strong Confucian ideological atmosphere, and Yu was a virtuous and sage emperor advocated by Confucian classics. Liu Xu named his son "Yuxi" using an allusion, hoping that one day he would be granted a title like Yu the Great. , make a difference.
"The Book of Filial Piety·Gou Ming Jue" says: "The fate star penetrated Pleiades, and Xiu Ji dreamed of delivering Yu." This means that Xiu Ji gave birth to Yu because of a dream, in which "Pleiades (mǎo) )" is one of the twenty-eight constellations. It is said that Liu Yuxi's mother had a child at an advanced age because she dreamed of Dayu one night, so when Liu Yuxi became an adult, her nickname was "Mengde". In ancient times, the name was given by the father three months after the baby was born, and the name was given only after the crowning ceremony was held after the baby became an adult. Names are used to call elders, and words are used to address juniors and juniors. Compared with a given name, a word is a term of respect. "Yuxi" and "Mengde" are mutually exclusive and complementary.
? This issue has ended here and will continue in the next issue. It is exactly this: Ever since the clan daughter left the King of Han, she even refused to return when she saw Hu Chen. If you don't bury the bones of battle in the north of the Great Wall, your poems will be filled with heroic sentiments in the south of the Yangtze River.