The content of Song of the White Wolf King

When I first opened the "Li Jiang Fu Zhi Lue" compiled by Qianlong for eight years, I saw that the "Literature and Art Lue" was recorded in both national characters and the full text of "Song of the White Wolf" recorded in Chinese translation. "Preface" also said: "In the middle of Han Yongping, Yizhou secretariat of Zhu Fu, with outstanding achievements and generosity, proclaimed Hande, Wei Huai, White Wolf and other Fu. , and devoted himself to righteousness, three chapters of music poems, to invite Fu to the DPRK, and Fu to engage in Li Ling and Xian history. Historian Emperor jiayue recorded his songs. Press: The White Wolf is Lijiang. " Further down, I saw the opening words of the first chapter "Far away in the Ledege": "When I was promoted to the official position, Wei felt sad, but neglected my spleen, so I was not around ...", which immediately took me to the Naxi nationality, where my mother and uncles put their hands on each other's shoulders and formed a circle of singing and dancing "Mao Weida" (an extremely elegant Naxi dance, which led everyone to harmony by one person). "Hello Wei Maoda, Wei Maoda. Wei Maoyu Wei, Wei Maoda, with fine features and beautiful face ... "So kind, it seems to feel at home. Song of the White Wolf King (hereinafter referred to as Song of the King) is deeply reflected in my mind. I really want to discuss it further, but I have to put it aside because of my busy work. Recently, I revisited Lijiang Mansion and saw Wang Ge, so my interest and thoughts on discussing Wang Ge were aroused again. Although there was a saying that "the white wolf is Lijiang now" in the Records of Yunnan during the apocalypse of the Ming Dynasty, it was clearly said twice in the Records of Lijiang compiled by Qianlong and Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. In modern times, scholars also verified that the "White Wolf" was the Gunaxi nationality and Tang Chang was the leader of the Naxi nationality in the Eastern Han Dynasty. But the song of the king is a tribute song of the national leader. Which national leader is Tang Chang? Still controversial. On the Internet, there are many opinions about the Song of the King of Chu: "There was a Chinese transliteration of the Song of the White Wolf King in the Eastern Han Dynasty." "This poem is of great historical value for studying the language and literature of the Tibetan-Burmese language family." "White Wolf language is a language spoken by the ancient Qiang people and belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family", but "White Wolf language is an extinct language." However, we think this view is not accurate and comprehensive, and it is absolutely necessary to make a further in-depth discussion on The King of Songs. We believe that further discussion of Song of the King will not only help us understand that it is a song dedicated by the leader of that nation. The deeper reason that deserves our attention is: 1, the way of recording minority poems with the help of Chinese pronunciation was not available before the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is rare after the Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, the Song of the King of Chu recorded by Yongping in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty can be said to be the only and oldest minority poem in China. We believe that paying attention to the song of the king means paying attention to the ancient minority culture. 2. In 74 AD, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, leaders of all ethnic groups in Southwest China gathered in Luoyang to present the Song of the King of Chu, which shows the feat of unity, harmony and equal coexistence of all ethnic groups during the Yongping period of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Songs of the South is a product of national unity in China's history, and it is also an ode to national unity in history. Today, we pay attention to it, that is, we pay attention to the national unity under the leadership of the * * * production party in China, and the excellent situation of equality, unity and harmonious coexistence of all ethnic groups. That is, today's concern about building a harmonious society and the long-term stability of the country. Second, analyze and discuss some problems noticed in Song of the King. I feel lack of knowledge in discussing Song of the King. To this end, I specially invited Mr. Li Daoqing, who was born and raised in Naxi area, understood Naxi people's customs, cared about Naxi culture, made great achievements in Naxi folk songs and served in the army for many years, and another Mr. Xu Cunren, who has been engaged in grass-roots public security work for a long time, traveled all over Lijiang and Diqing villages and has a deep understanding of Lijiang Tibetan Buddhism. Two experienced comrades as the backing of my science students, the three old people together, expressing their opinions, learning from each other's strengths and learning The King of Songs has become a great pleasure in our later life! The specific problems noted are as follows: 1. The full text of "Wang Ge" is recorded in "Literature and Art" compiled during the Qianlong period. Wang Ge is divided into 3 chapters, 44 sentences, 176 words (4 words per sentence). Each sentence is translated from Chinese and Italian, and the song of the king is recorded in Chinese characters similar to the "Voice of the White Wolf". Since there is a song of the king recorded by the Voice of the White Wolf, it is of course the main object of our research. The Records of Lijiang River in Guangxu period also recorded the song of the king repeatedly, but some words changed. Later, I saw some other versions, and some words were inconsistent with Lijiang's revival. We can't find the book of the later Han Dynasty at the moment, so this article has to be based on the songs of the king of Chu recorded in two Fu Zhi. 2. The note of "Song of the King" said: "Song of the King" was dedicated to the court when White Wolf Chang returned to righteousness in the middle period of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The commentary also mentioned that officials such as Yizhou secretariat participated in the process of offering songs, so the Chinese translation of Song of the King must be flattering, exaggerated and overjoyed, misinterpreting the original intention of Song of the King. In addition, according to the Chinese, "historians record their songs." So some people doubted whether the historians at that time were proficient in or understood the "white wolf language". Paying too much attention to the "Chinese-English translation" in the Eastern Han Dynasty will imprison and bind our thinking, so we take a cautious attitude and put the "Chinese-English translation" of the original text in the first place without paying attention to it. As for our own conclusion, it is more reasonable than the original Chinese-English translation. 3. A Brief History of Lijiang Prefecture also says that "the white wolf is Lijiang". Lijiang has always been a place where many ethnic groups live together, among which Naxi is one of the most important ethnic groups at the junction of ancient and modern Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. Fortunately, we are also Naxi people, but our activity space and knowledge are very narrow, and we don't understand the languages of other ethnic groups. We only have petty bourgeoisie like "We are Naxi", and we can only analyze Song of the King in the popular Naxi language in Old Town of Lijiang. So our results may be one-sided and ridiculous. However, let's summon up the courage to meet our in-laws. 4. In 2008, Yulong county government organized an expert group to submit the revised Naxi Pinyin writing scheme, and compared it with the Chinese Pinyin scheme provided by Xinhua Dictionary. Modern Naxi language has 34 initials and 20 finals. There are 2 1 initials and 35 finals in Chinese. Ancient Chinese is divided into five parts: level tone, rising tone, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone. Modern Chinese is divided into four parts. Naxi language is divided into four tones: Gao Pingtiao, Middle Level Tone, Low Falling Tone and Low Rising Tone. Naxi and Chinese are obviously different languages. We think it is impossible to accurately record "White Wolf Language" or "Naxi Language" with "the pronunciation of Chinese characters". Therefore, we can only seriously look for the answer to the question from the homonym and near sound of Chinese characters, just like taking the homonym of "it's raining" as "going to read a book". Because Chinese characters can't accurately record the national language, it is difficult to discuss this topic, or it adds more speculation, association and uncertainty to us. However, it has increased suspense and added infinite fun to us. Today's Naxi language permeates a considerable amount of ancient Chinese, and more Chinese has been introduced in modern times. Therefore, it is logical to quote and infiltrate some Chinese and Chinese meaning elements (so-called loanwords) in Naxi language in Han Dynasty. According to this reason, we think that the sentences or words with the same meaning as Chinese in Chuci can be regarded as loanwords quoted in White Wolf Tale. Song of the King has been around for 2000 years. It is impossible to return to Tang Chang and Emperor Liu Zhuang through just visiting. Dealing with problems before 2000 in this way is only included in the category of speculation and association. It may be ridiculous, but as long as it is reasonable and logical, you can masturbate. 6. When we translated Song of the King, in order to respect the original format of the original poem, we adopted the same "four fonts" as the original song. We know very little about levelness and rhythm, so we have to make no strict pursuit of the rhythm of the translation, only expecting to express the original intention of the ancients. Therefore, what we have translated is just "not a poem, not a word, not qualified". Third, the analysis method of "Song of the King" (I) The specific analysis of "Song of the King" In order to make readers feel vivid and clear, we listed the analysis results of chapters and sentences of "Song of the King" in the form of tables. In order to facilitate the discussion of the song of the king, each sentence of the song has a fixed serial number. The column 1 in the table is the serial number of the sentence. The second column is a poem recorded in the original materials of The King of Songs with the pronunciation of Chinese characters, with "Hanyu Pinyin" above and "Naxi Pinyin" below. Underline the words or words with the same meaning as Chinese in the sentence. The content listed in the third column is a concise analysis and introduction of the words and meanings used in this poem. The fourth column is our Chinese-English translation of Song of the King today. (2) The analysis result of Song of the King will be the final translation result after we make appropriate sentence adjustments to Song of the King. The arrangement is as follows: in order to compare with the Chinese-English translation of the Eastern Han Dynasty, we also arranged the Chinese-English original text of the Eastern Han Dynasty at the end of each chapter. In the first chapter, Yuan Yi Le paid tribute to Song Bailang's transliteration of Naxi Pinyin, a free translation of Chinese vernacular interpretation. We surrendered to the Han Dynasty, but we failed to translate Liu Pi's We Are Yourself, and the result was satisfactory. This decision is wise and satisfactory. We are very happy that people are overjoyed and push Tan Fuyuan Teeteiq Ffqyai. Sincere service. Really convince the big fellow. Pamechelle and Yan Ci stayed in Pommer, and the son of heaven greeted them with a smile and hosted a banquet. He asked for clothes and accompanied zeiq yi chee liuq (lieq). He was kind and generous, and his utensils and delicacies were exquisite. How can Zhetaiq Sheraiq, who knows the Three Reforms of the Tang Dynasty, be so graceful and generous, and how can evil make up Zeiq Babei Shelbb Bee? How to thank Engel? How can this be repaid? The capital of Mo comes from my Rheedi uiqye, the wild side, and my hometown is not beautiful enough. Extending the cabinet to Julsee Diar is simple and wild, and it is covered with felt to make a living. Ijjuq hesselieq kept it after the game. Although the mountains and rivers are beautiful, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, which makes Longdong Leissaiq Leddu either ashamed, or maybe making fun of them and not liking them. Yang pheasant monk xian and Yaiqloff Zeiqser, I am sad. Although the court minister was poor, Mohism kept me in a good life. That's easy to say. Don't want to complain about their suffering. A great man is in harmony with heaven. Pingwei's official translation didn't hear the wind from me. It's strange to give more gifts. Food and wine, Changle meat flies. I've seen a lot, the barbarians are poor, and I have nothing to report. May the descendants of the Lord live long. Chapter 2: In the distance, Maud sang Pinire ssaiq pil neel, which may be ridiculed or ridiculed, and still gave birth to Lei lol ceeq meq. Live together through the moat, cross the moat to Luoyang, and cross the mausoleum to realize chee jerq liuq wul. Looking at the daily life of the Han people from the perspective of light and observing the Han Dynasty, the rope moves with seiq ddu seiq jju, which is reasonable and restrained, and the directors are reasonable and restrained. seil deif ddvq no is Saint-DeDuno. Shengde Du Ming. Benevolence is well known. Wei Xi Wu Zhu, a native man, an ambitious native man, an all-round evil Liu Junhui. Go see it, go sightseeing, and look forward to it. Zooq Xi Seiqlo, the evil snail is expected by people, and the Naxi people's year is expected by people. It is a pity to find the beach and leave maf seil liuq yi. We will get what we deserve. You will see that it will pay off. Germ supplements evil, pushes Jel pv seiq tee and nourishes eternal tin. Joining the Big Man is a great event, and the road is connected with lul ci ddoq loq, which not only shows the future, but also sees a bright future. Don't talk about the future, don't look forward and backward. Pieq bbei gui xai is comfortable and natural, persistent and firm obedience, attached to virtue chuq vei fvl deif, attached to virtue quickness, attached to benevolent government quickness. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the sun of the barbarians was devoted to sunrise, and the Lord was kind and the people were rich. There were many frosts and snows in winter, cold and warm in rain, and many people were in danger. It's not far from Wanli's return to the vulgar and the virtuous and the loving mother. The third chapter, the instrument of the wild song dynasty, Huai fv Li yil, birds and animals haunt, pear flower pity il cei Li Ai Li Ai Li Ai. The birds are sad, the cold forest is sad, the evil pears are sad, the cold wind is sad, the grass floats with the cool wind, the thunder breaks the dangerous dragon leeq zzeeq xail lol, crosses the river and valley, crosses the dangerous beach and mountains, and the thunder wolf hides the thunder and thunder. When summoned, the court will respect me, and Momo will bathe me in daiq cee muq. Come on. Without hesitation, it was Han Ye who refused yil guq, who lived there, pursued morality in all directions, tracked the excellent common people svf sseiq, tracked the excellent common people, tracked the excellent common people's morality, created a rumor called chuaiq yaiq hu shel, announced it, tracked the excellent common people's morality, helped lul ceif luf by the roadside, helped by the roadside, helped by the local authorities and gave it. I feel very relieved. Feel relaxed and happy and deeply loved. I miss Hoq gol pieif wul, hug the file, hide it around my waist, grab the chicory fungus bbeeq geel, tidy up my clothes, fasten my belt, and hurry on the road to give up prostitution. Yi thanked her in a hurry and thanked her in a hurry, Li Lill and Li ceeq lof. Happy to go to Luo, happy to come to Luoyang, Lingyang servant liq yuail ceiq pvq! Be a servant! Willing to be a servant of the big fellow. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was no salt outside the clothes, and there was no meat on the clothes. From the above analysis of the song of the king, we can draw the following preliminary views: 50000. It is difficult to find the whole dam exposed when the water level drops. However, the discovery of Homo sapiens fossils 654.38+ 10,000 years ago in Mujiaqiao in 1950s shows that there are aborigines on the dam. During the Three Kingdoms period, it is said that Zhuge Liang left a wordless "Stone Drum Monument" in Shigu Town near Jinsha River, not far from Lijiang Bazi. At the foot of Yulong Mountain in Tang Dynasty, it is said that someone once got a different stone in the mountain and returned home. So far, it's hard to rest. The original deity of the villagers was Innovation Stone Temple, which later became Beiyue Temple (also known as Yulong Temple) ... It shows that a large number of Naxi people moved into Lijiang Bazi before the Tang Dynasty, which proves that Naxi people living in Jinsha River valley and centered on Ba Li at that time have reached a high level of civilization. Although the ancient Naxi nationality was widely distributed. However, modern Naxi people living in Lijiang Bazi can not only feel at home, but also read Song of the King easily and carefree, which is not enough to show that the White Wolf clan is an ancient Naxi people living around Ba Li. But at least it also shows that the "white wolf" is probably the Gunasi people distributed in the Jinsha River basin. It is further confirmed that "the white wolf is Lijiang" in the Official History of Lijiang. This statement is correct. The 22nd sentence: "Evil Snail", pronounced as "Zzoq xi seiq lo" in Naxi language, is now translated as "what people expect". In Song of the King, there is "zzhoq xi (evil spirit), that is, man", and there is no doubt in the history books that "man" is a Gunasi. The "White Wolf Man" in Song of the King also claims to be a Naxi man, so it can be concluded that the "White Wolf Man" is a Naxi man and the "Naxi man" is a Gunaxi man. Teacher He Ruiyao made the following in-depth introduction to the origin of Naxi nationality in The Story of the First Bay of the Yangtze River: "1964, a human skull fossil was found at Mujiaqiao1km south of Lijiang. After identification and research, it belongs to homo sapiens fossils 1005000 years ago and is named' Lijiang Man'. Later, 28 paleolithic tools, including stone cores, stone chips, scrapers, grinders, stone balls, etc. , have been found in the ruins, but also found a antler tool. Since 1980, it has been in Dadong hot water pond, which is dozens of kilometers away from Lijiang city. Neolithic relics have been found in Jiuhe and other places, including stone axes, stone keys, stone chisels and bone needles. Since the end of 1960s, bronze age sarcophagus tombs have been found in Ma 'anshan, 4 km away from downtown Lijiang, and in Daji, Shigu and Hongyan along the Jinsha River within 0/00 of downtown/kloc. Unearthed objects include spears, swords, halberds, knives and mirrors in bronzes, as well as pottery and shells. In the 1990s, it was built in Tiger Leaping Gorge, Huaying and Baoshan. More than ten ancient rock paintings, such as Hongmen, have been found within one kilometer along the Jinsha River, mostly animals and animal images, with a total area of 540 square meters, about 4000 years ago. The main ethnic group living in Lijiang, including Lijiang City, is Naxi, so when can the upper limit of Naxi living in Lijiang be traced back? From the investigation of ethnic origin, there are three theories: First, indigenous theory: Based on the above archaeological findings, the Naxi nationality in Lijiang is considered to be an indigenous nation. Accordingly, the Naxi nationality has the oldest generation and the longest living time in Lijiang. Second, the theory of moving south: According to the research of historian Fang Guoyu, the Naxi nationality in Lijiang originated from the Qiang people who moved south from the humid area in northwest China in ancient times, and moved to the Dadu River and Yalong River valley in Qin and Han Dynasties, that is, today's Siyuan, Muli and Yanbian areas, then moved west to Yongning, Zhongdian Bai Di, Lijiang Feng Ke and Daju, and then moved west to Lijiang Dam. In Qin and Han Dynasties, it was called Yak Yi and White Wolf Yi. In the Jin Dynasty, it was called Moshayi in Huayang Long Canal. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was called Moshayi people. According to "Schumann" written by Tang Fanchu, there were many tribes along the Jinsha River in Lijiang County at that time, so the Jinsha River was called "sharpening some rivers". The third is the theory of harmony: that is, the Naxi nationality in Lijiang is a fusion of aborigines and immigrants from the south. This theory has been recognized by most scholars. According to this, the distribution center of ancient Naxi nationality gradually completed the great transfer from the east of Yunnan-Sichuan border to Lijiang in the west during the Han and Tang Dynasties. "On the issue of the origin of Naxi nationality, our discussion of Song of the King supports the theories of" aboriginality "and" integration ". Regarding the theory of "moving south", many articles promoting Lijiang and Naxi people said: "In the Tang Dynasty, Naxi ancestors arrived in Lijiang along the Yajiang River. Then he went south and established the first regime in the east of Erhai Lake-Zhao Yueyu ". I'm afraid the "Tang Dynasty" here will be pushed to the "Han Dynasty" or before the Han Dynasty. We also need to point out that when it comes to Naxi people, quite a few people only stay in Lijiang Bazi, regardless of the occasion and time, which is not comprehensive. 2. No matter which nationality, after thousands of years of migration, wars, natural disasters and other ups and downs, language and pronunciation inevitably have some changes. Therefore, some poems in The King of Songs are not fluent enough in today's language, and even far-fetched, which is also reasonable. 3. The biggest grammatical difference between Naxi and Chinese is that the subject and predicate are reversed. For example, if Chinese says "people eat pork", Naxi people will say "people eat pork". It also appeared in Song of the King. Inverted sentences are often used in Naxi language and are also reflected in Song of the King. If the word order of Song of the King is properly adjusted, the logical relationship and tone of the language will be much smoother. Both Naxi and Han people read fluently. 4. We used the Chinese free translation of the original Song of the King to seek the original meaning of Song of the King. Finally, although the translated words are completely different from those in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the aspirations expressed in his poems are very similar to those translated before 67 AD. On the one hand, he admitted that the place where Tang lived was simple and savage, although the scenery was beautiful, the birds were bleak and the scenery was sad. On the other hand, it's reasonable and restrained to be ignorant, help the road to the side, follow the superior and be vulgar. Then choose the way to look for opportunities, be calm and naturalized, attach virtue quickly, and be willing to be a servant. Finally, it is inseparable from the theme of "Hua Mu's refuge". From the above analysis, it can be concluded that Song of the King is indeed a song that Naxi ancient ancestors confessed to the Great Han Dynasty. 5. We can clearly know from the first chapter "Happy Pavilion in the Distance" that Liu Zhuang, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was very happy with the submission of the foreigner "Yan Long Jia Yue" who came from afar and warmly entertained the guests. People who were warmly received sang impromptu songs, which not only praised the kindness and generosity of great men, but also expressed their confidence in the decision of "returning to righteousness" and their prospects for the future. The second and third chapters are further supplements and extensions. There is a passage in the story of the first bay of the Yangtze River by Mr. He Ruiyao: "In the biography of Nanman southwest, there is a record about Naxi people, which tells that in 74 AD, the leader of southwest China went to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, to see Liu Zhuang, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. It also shows that there were more than 100 countries in the southwest at that time, with a population of1360,000 and a population of more than 6 million. The country names are White Wolf, Guan Mu and Tang Mao. After they arrived in Luoyang, the Eastern Han court attached great importance to them and treated them well. "Official governance" was recorded as a major political activity by the Central Records Office. The court held a state banquet in their honor. At the banquet,' White Wolf King' sang a song on the spot and also sang a song in Naxi language. "Our conclusion really coincides with what He Lao said. 6. At present, some scholars say: "It is generally believed that the white wolf language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family, but recently there are different opinions on which language it belongs to. The main opinions are Tibetans, Jia Rong, Yi, Naxi, Xixia and Pumi. " Others said, "White Wolf is an extinct language". Scholars who think that Song of the King is a Zhuang-Tai language poem, like us, write their own translations after analyzing it in their own language. In addition, there are different views on the Chinese translation of Song of the White Wolf: "Some people think that there are Chinese lyrics first, and then Chinese characters are used to annotate' White Wolf Language', but there are also opposite views" and so on. Despite these different views. The song of the king recorded in the "Voice of the White Wolf" in the Han Dynasty is so consistent with today's Naxi language. That is to say, "White Wolf" should be the ancestor of Naxi people distributed in Jinsha River valley, and Tang Yi should be the leader of an ancient wise man, Gunasi? It also proves that "White Wolf Language" is not an "extinct language", but a language widely used and still developing among Naxi people today, isn't it? 7. From the analysis of Song of the King, it can be seen that Naxi people have had glorious thoughts and traditions of keeping pace with the times, conforming to the trend, being loyal to the central authorities, defending the frontier defense of the motherland and safeguarding the unity and unity of the Chinese nation since the Han Dynasty. The ancient Naxi nationality created such a model of "integrating national culture". Mu Gongmu, a representative of Naxi nationality in Qing Dynasty, once wrote a famous poem, "Whenever the imperial edict of Phoenix comes, the sun is approaching, and cranes are not idle." "This is really in the same strain as history!