"Encouraging Learning" is an essay written by Xunzi, a thinker and writer in the Warring States Period. It is Xunzi's first work. This paper systematically discusses the theory and method of learning, and comprehensively and profoundly discusses the problems related to learning from the aspects of the importance, attitude, content and method of learning.
The full text can be divided into four paragraphs. The first paragraph clarifies the importance of learning, the second paragraph talks about the correct attitude towards learning, the third paragraph talks about the content of learning, and the fourth paragraph talks about learning from beginning to end. The full-text reasoning is profound and the structure is rigorous, which represents the level of the mature stage of pre-Qin essays.
2. Pipa line
Pipa trip? It is one of the poems of Changle House written by Bai Juyi, a poet in Tang Dynasty. Eleven years of Yuanhe (8 16). This poem reveals the unreasonable phenomena such as bureaucratic corruption, the decline of people's livelihood and the burying of talents in feudal society by describing the superb playing skills and unfortunate experiences of the pipa girl, expressing the poet's deep sympathy for her and the poet's resentment at her innocent demotion.
3. Young China said.
Young China said that it was an essay written by Liang Qichao (1873- 1929) in the late Qing Dynasty, which was written in 1900 after the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898. The article strongly praises the vitality of youth, points out that China under feudal rule is "the oldest empire", and earnestly hopes that "young China people" will emerge to inspire people's spirit.
The article is informal and uses metaphors, which is very encouraging. With a strong enterprising spirit, the author has placed his love and expectation on the youth in China.
4. Carefree travel
Xiaoyao Tour is the representative work of Zhuang Zhou, a philosopher and writer in the Warring States Period. It is listed as the first article in Zhuangzi, a Taoist classic, and it can be regarded as the masterpiece of Zhuangzi both ideologically and artistically.
The theme of this article is to pursue an absolutely free outlook on life. The author believes that only by forgetting the boundary between things and me, reaching the realm of no-self, inaction and namelessness, and swimming in infinity without any foundation, can we truly "roam freely". Firstly, this paper expounds the difference between "small" and "big" by comparing Dapeng with small animals such as pheasants and pigeons.
On this basis, the author points out that both Fu and Xue pigeons who are not good at Yu Feixiang, Dapeng who can fly high in Wan Li by the wind, and Liezi who can go against the wind are "waiting for something" and are not free, which leads to and expounds the truth that "there is no one but himself, and the gods are useless and the saints are nameless".
Finally, through the argument between Keiko and Zhuangzi about "usefulness" and "uselessness", it is shown that only by not being used by the world can we be "carefree". The full text is rich in imagination, novel in conception, magnificent and grotesque, with Wang Yang's wanton and romantic spirit between the lines.
5. Red Cliff Fu
"Red Cliff Fu" is a fu created by Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082) when Song Shenzong relegated Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei). This poem describes what the author and his friends saw and felt when they went boating in Chibi on a moonlit night. Taking the author's subjective feelings as a clue, through the form of subject-object question and answer, it reflects the author's liberation from boating on a moonlit night to drawing lessons from a painful experience and then to philosophy.
Quan Fu embodies its unique artistic conception in layout and structural arrangement, with deep feelings and profound thoughts. It has a high literary position in the history of China literature and has a great influence on later Fu, prose and poetry.