Go to the frontier to carry out tasks
Make jam? Wang Wei
Bike would like to ask this way 1, which belongs to the country.
Levy Peng 3, return the geese to Hu Tian 4.
The lonely smoke in the desert is straight, and the long river falls in yen.
Xiaoguan rode 7 every time, all guarded by Ran Yan 8.
To annotate ...
1. Riding: Riding alone. Ask the border: condolences to the border defense.
2. Belonging country: refers to those ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. Tang people sometimes called "vassal States" frontier envoys. Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There is Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Hanshu? Geography), the old city is in the southeast of Jina Banner. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence is about the Tang Dynasty. "The frontier is vast, and the vassal countries are all outside the extension."
3. Inscription Peng: Pengcao flies with the wind, here is the poet's self-metaphor.
4. Returning to the wild goose: Because the season is summer and the wild geese fly north, it is called "returning the wild goose into the lake field".
5. Desert: Desert, here refers to the desert north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: There are two explanations in Zhao Diancheng's note: in ancient times, a cloud burned wolf dung during the frontier defense alarm, "its smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to some people who have visited Gansu and Xinjiang on the spot, there is indeed a whirlwind like "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. "Tongdian" Volume XXI Yakumo: "At dusk, peace is not fire." Hu Sansheng's Note: The Six Classics: When Tang Zhen looked at the wind, it was three miles away. On the first night of every day, a torch is lit, which is called peace and fire. "
6. Long River: It is suspected that Shiyang River now flows through the desert north of Liangzhou.
7. Xiaoguan: The name of Guguan, so the address is in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia. Wait: scout. Wang Wei's mission to Hexi did not pass through the small pass, which was probably written in He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of the small pass and go to Mayi".
8. Duhu: official name. There were six counties in the northwest of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Each county sends a guardian and two deputies to take charge of all affairs within its jurisdiction. Ran Yan: As the name implies, it is in today's Mongolian Khan Mountain. "Once"? Biography of Dou Xian: Xian leads the army to defeat. "Climb Mount Yanran, go to the Great Wall for more than 3,000 miles, carve stones and make contributions, and write an inscription for Ban Gu." When I met a waiting rider on the road, I learned that the coach was still at the front line after breaking the enemy.
Brief analysis
In the summer of the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), the poet sent an envoy to Hexi Drug Rehabilitation Center and wrote this poem when he arrived in Liangzhou. The phrase "desert" has been chanted: the vast desert and the long river make people feel relaxed and amazed at the vastness and depth of the universe. "Lonely smoke straight" and "sunset yuan" make the picture full of three-dimensional sense and rhythm. "Lonely Smoke Straight" not only shows that there are few people, but also implies the heroism of an independent sky; "Sunset Yuan" adds color to the picture, covering the picture with sunset twilight, forming a seamless grand artistic conception. The poet uses four kinds of scenery to contrast the composition: the vast desert embraces the long river, and the round sunset sets off a bunch of lonely smoke, almost reaching lonely people. Being big, long, round, lonely and straight is full of sense of space, which is the poet's subjective aesthetic feeling. In such a vast and desolate world, the soldiers galloping on the battlefield have broken the enemy's Jingbian, and their tragic heroism is as glorious as the sun and the moon, far away in the long river? Quot Everything is protected in Yanran ",which is a kind of foil writing in which the hard words are not said, the hard things are done, and the heroes don't see the heroes coming out." A General Introduction to the Selected Veins of Tang Poetry "quotes Zong Chen as" broad and solemn ". An Shuo's Tang Poetry: "Desert" is connected with "Long River", which is unique throughout the ages. "
Make an appreciative comment
In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Wang Wei was ordered to visit the Xihe Provincial Government to express his condolences to the soldiers. This poem was written by the poet on his way to Xihe. This is a travel poem. The poet went to the frontier fortress on the orders of the imperial court. This poem describes what he saw and felt on this trip.
The first two sentences explain why and where this poem was written. "I want to ask over there" is the purpose of the task. "Bicycle" means that there are few followers and the festival specifications are not high. Poetry reveals frustration in the chronicle, which is triggered by the word "bicycle". The last sentence said that I had been to this special area of Juyan, which became the basis of the scenery described in the poem.
Three or four sentences contain multiple meanings. From the sentence of "returning to the wild goose", we can see that the time to go to the frontier fortress this time is spring. When the grass is ripe, the branches and leaves are dry, and the roots leave the earth and float with the wind, so it is called "signing the crown". This sentence is the poet's feeling of loneliness by borrowing grass. When Cao Peng is mentioned in ancient poems, he mostly laments his own life experience. For example, Cao Zhi's miscellaneous poem (the second part) is called "Turning from the Root, Gone with the Wind", which is a famous example. "Going out to the Han Dynasty" in this poem just reflects the poet's itinerary. Moreover, these three words are very affectionate abroad, which deepens the feeling of occupation. When you leave your hometown, your feelings are always complicated, whether it is because of a difficult home, a difficult country to vote for, or a mission, as this poem says. Regarding the poet's mission this time, he has been in a bad mood, which is different from Sima Xiangru's prestige and demeanor when he was favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty and sent to the Southwest. The poet's frustration was related to the political struggle in the imperial court. Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister who has always attached importance to poets, was demoted to Jingzhou secretariat in April this year.
Poetry is written in contrasting expressions. "Zheng Peng" is in direct proportion to the poet, and "Returning to the Wild Goose" is in contrast to the poet. In spring, it is a good place for Yanbei to return to its old nest to raise chicks. Facing the desert sandstorm, the poet drifted to the Great Wall like a loose grass, and the situation was very different.
Five or six sentences describe the scenery, with broad boundaries and vigorous weather. This couplet consists of two paintings. The first picture is a lonely smoke in the desert. Being in the desert, the poet is presented with such a scene: the yellow sand is boundless and endless. Look up at the sky, there is not a cloud in the sky. Without vegetation, there is no travel. Looking from a distance, I saw a wisp of solitary smoke rising at the end of the sky, and the poet's spirit did it one brace up, as if this desert had a little vitality. It is a lighthouse, which tells the poet that this trip is about to reach its destination. The beacon smoke is a typical frontier fortress scene, and "solitude and straightness" highlights the atmosphere of frontier fortress. Judging from the composition of the picture. Adding a column of white smoke between the blue sky and the yellow sand becomes the center of the whole picture, which is the finishing touch. Kunya: "ancient fireworks, with wolf smoke, gather straight, although the wind is not oblique." Zhao Diancheng, a Qing Dynasty man, said: "Only when you see the scenery with your own eyes can you know the beauty of the word' straight'." This is from words.
The other is a sunset over a long river. This is a close-up shot. The poet stood on the hill overlooking the winding river. In the evening, the sunset lowered the river, and the river was sparkling. What a wonderful moment it is! The poet only quoted a word "circle", which accurately described the scenery characteristics of the sunset on the river. As a result of choosing such a perspective, the red sun suddenly enters and exits in the long river, adding to the magnificence of the river swallowing the sun and the moon, thus making the whole picture more magnificent.
The last two sentences end with things: at this time, the mission of the poet is about to be completed. Poetry, let nature take its course.
Although this poem is a chronicle, it is natural to express feelings or describe exotic scenery all the way. The couplets of "Long River" and "Sunset" are excellent and have always been recited as famous sentences about scenery.