Tao Di (also known as Yang Lian) is commonly known as sweet potato in America, Tao Di in Taiwan Province and land in Japan. In western music, it is classified as a flute instrument. In particular, most flutes are tubular, while Tao Di is spherical or egg-shaped. Although his voice is a marginal instrument, it is not an open instrument like other flutes, but a closed instrument. Tao Di's early materials were natural materials such as clay, bones and shells, but now they are mostly made of ceramics, hence the name Tao Di. Tao Di's timbre is smooth and crisp, melodious and elegant.
To talk about the origin of Tao Di, it is difficult to define where he started to develop. It is found in archaeological relics that 12000 years ago, humans knew to drill holes in bones to play simple sounds. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China, there was an egg-shaped musical instrument called Yun. Although the shape and material are similar to those of Tao Di now, the pronunciation principle is different, which has not directly affected the development of Tao Di now. It can only be said that they are two independent musical instruments.
The Tao Di we are seeing now should be influenced by the musical instruments made by the Aztecs and Mayans in early South America. Since the 6th century, Tao Di has been playing an important role in festivals, usually with it during ceremonies, but at that time its function was still decoration, not music. Later, this South American musical instrument spread to Britain in Europe in A.D. 1300, and Britain sealed it with antelope horns, making it into a musical instrument called Gemshorn, but playing it directly. Later, in 1853, an Italian musician Giuseppe Donati invented a musical instrument similar to a gosling, which had 10 holes and was also named after the Italian Tao Di. This kind of musical instrument is the submarine-shaped Tao Di that we see now, and the ceramic oval flute is also the general name of this kind of musical instrument. At that time, the Tao Di Philharmonic Orchestra, composed of seven bands of different sizes, was established, mainly composed of classical songs and opera songs.
By 1900, this musical instrument began to become popular in the United States, and it was named sweet potato because of its appearance. 1940 during the second world war, in order to improve morale, the U.S. military distributed Tao Di made of plastic to its troops and changed it into the form of 8 holes. The Italian Tao Di of the same period in Japan was improved by Japanese Mr. Kawada in 1928 and became the Tao Di of 12 hole. Until now, Tao Di is still a popular Japanese musical instrument. 1960, a British musician, john tyler, invented a 4-hole Tao Di, which can play 8-degree notes, that is, the spherical Tao Di we see now. Later, a sculptor named Barry Jenning improved Taylor's four-hole statue into a Tao Di statue with at most seven holes.
The development of Tao Di, China is a matter of nearly ten years, and it is mainly in Taiwan Province Province. Early Peruvian-style Tao Di can often be seen in folk art shops, but most of them are unmarked decorations. It was not until 1990 that Master Cai began to study how to make the used scales, and the used scales were made one after another. In 2003, after Mr. You Xuezhi, the first Tao Di musician in Taiwan Province Province, released the first Tao Di album in Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province promoted the trend of learning from Tao Di. At present, there are many made in taiwan masters, including Cai, Li, Chen Junlai, Xie Yongqing, Guo, Cheng Cheng and Nantou. Besides Japanese-style 12 holes, Taiwan Province also has a flute with 6 holes improved from British style and its own fingering. Its timbre and intonation are as beautiful as those made in Japan. I believe that Tao Di will become a common musical instrument in Taiwan Province Province in the future.
Lin is a unique closed wind instrument in China, which occupies an important position in the history of primitive art in the world. The origin of Yan is related to the labor and production activities of our ancestors. At first, it may be that ancestors imitated the sounds of birds and animals to trap prey.
Later, with the progress of society, it evolved into a simple musical instrument, and gradually increased the sound hole, and developed into a melodic instrument that can play tunes. In primitive society, the urn had various shapes, such as the pottery urn unearthed from Hemudu site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province, which was oval, with only blowing holes and no sound holes, about 7000 years ago. Tao Di in Yangshao Cultural Site, banpo village, Xi, Shaanxi, looks like an olive with only one air hole. It is made of fine mud, which is one of the original forms of graves about 6000 years ago.
Compared with the primitive period and Xia Dynasty, tombs in Shang Dynasty have developed greatly, including pottery tombs, stone tombs and bone tombs, among which pottery tombs are the most common, and their shapes are mostly flat-bottomed ellipses. During the Warring States period, the pottery casket was flat-bottomed oval, but it also had other shapes.
After Qin and Han dynasties, rhyme was mainly used in court music of past dynasties. In archaeological excavations and handed down from generation to generation, we occasionally see some pottery or porcelain with special shapes.
Music Research of the Palace Museum and the Chinese Academy of Art All the red painted Yunlong urns used by the Qing court are 8.5 cm high and 7 cm in diameter. There are six sound holes on the body: the first four and the second, all painted in red, depicting golden dragons and moire patterns. Modern people developed a nine-hole pottery urn, which was based on the ancient six-hole urn, and then its shoulder and inner cylinder were enlarged to increase its volume, and the number of sound holes was increased to eight: the first six and the last two, plus blowing holes, making * * * nine holes.
In order to facilitate fingering and minimize complicated cross fingering, the arrangement order of sound holes is similar to that of flutes. Professional players can play 26 notes, including all semitones and one overtone within two octaves.
Inkstone is one of the oldest wind instruments in China, with a history of about 7,000 years.
According to legend, Yun Qi originated from a hunting tool called "Stone Meteor". In ancient times, people often tied a stone ball or clay ball with a rope and threw it out to shoot birds and animals. Some spheres are empty in the middle, and you can make a sound by swinging around. Later, people thought it was fun, so they blew it, and this stone meteor slowly evolved into a trap.
At first, the forest was mostly made of stones and bones, and later it developed into pottery, with many shapes, such as oblate, oval, spherical, fish-shaped and pear-shaped, among which pear-shaped is the most common.
There are water spray holes at the upper end, flat bottom and sound holes on the side wall. There was only one sound hole at first, and then it gradually developed into porous. Six sound holes did not appear until the end of the third century BC.
Professor Cao Zheng of China Conservatory of Music began to make antique pottery urns in the late 1930s. Later, Professor Chen Chongjiao of Tianjin Conservatory of Music designed a new type of nine-hole pottery urn based on the ancient pear-shaped six-hole urn, which was made of purple pottery from Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. This nine-hole urn not only keeps the original shape and timbre of the traditional urn, but also increases its volume and range. It can play scales and semitones, making it a musical instrument that can be tuned. The timbre is simple, mellow, deep, tragic and distinctive. In addition, because the nine-hole pier has changed the irregular arrangement of the original sound holes, it is more convenient to play according to the playing habits of modern people, and can be used for solo, ensemble or accompaniment.
The appearance of the Nine-hole Yu Tao marks the rejuvenation of Gu Xun, China. Soon after, another student of Professor Chen Zhong, Zhao Liangshan of Hubei Song and Dance Troupe, developed a ten-hole cymbal with mahogany, which solved the defect that high notes were difficult to play.
In the history of China music, rhyme was mainly used in the court music of past dynasties. There are two kinds of court music: ode music and elegant music. Odes are small, like eggs, and their voices are slightly higher; Xuan Ya has a big body and a deep voice, and is often used with wind instruments made of bamboo.
Play together. China's earliest collection of poems, The Book of Songs, has the saying that "Bo Chui, Zhong Chui", which means that two brothers, one blowing and the other blowing, show the brotherhood of harmony and goodwill.