Buddha said: Shui Yue is in hand. In other words, from another perspective, you can sometimes do the impossible. Similarly, when we read Du Fu's poems devoutly, a vivid image can come to our eyes.
Du Fu's poems inherited and developed the realistic tradition since The Book of Songs and Han Yuefu. They face the society and the people, and both lyric poems and narrative poems have achieved a high degree of unity of ideology and artistry, thus forming a highly mature realistic creation method to express their thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country, the people and chaos.
Du Fu was the first great poet in ancient China who paid more attention to current affairs. He wrote many high-quality narrative poems and created many typical images with highly mature realistic creation methods. Du Fu's poems, through these artistic generalizations, truly and profoundly reflect various sharp and complicated social contradictions and people's disastrous lives:
The old man who fled over the wall, the old woman who urgently needed the service of Heyang, the man who was recruited in Xin 'an, the bride who got married in the morning, the homeless single man, the paid old maid in Kuizhou, the service officer who was peak sexually, Yang's hot brother and sister, and the Anshi rebellion of burning and looting. ...
These images reflect the sufferings of the people from all angles, mercilessly attack the corruption of the ruling class and strongly condemn the atrocities of the disorderly army.
In his famous works such as Two Roads, Quarrel, Car Shop, and Welcome the New, Du Fu used subjective thoughts and feelings to melt into the narrative of objective facts, let the characters and facts speak for themselves, and quietly attacked the ruling class, naturally revealing his love and hate. For example, two are roads:
On March 3rd, Spring Festival, the weather was fresh, and many beautiful people gathered in Qujiang, Chang 'an. Dignified attitude, lofty and quiet nature, plump skin, thin and moderate figure. Embroidered Luo Xin shines brilliantly in late spring, a golden peacock and silver unicorn. ..... Later, pommel horse can wander around and get on and off the embroidered carpet in the pavilion. Yang Hua-xue falls to Bai Ping, and the bluebird finds her way with a scarf. Yang Jiaqi's flame is extremely powerful and unparalleled. Please don't go near it, lest the Prime Minister be furious!
This poem satirizes the arrogance and debauchery of Yang's brother and sister, and reflects the fatuity of the monarch and the corruption of current politics in a tortuous way. Beauty lies in describing scenes and plots with exquisite brushwork, bright and rich colors and serious attitude from beginning to end, so that the poet's own tendencies and feelings naturally emerge from the scenes and plots; "There is no irony, the language in the description is irony; There is no sigh, and the degree of ridicule is lamented. " (Pu Qilong's Reading Du Xinjie), which has stronger artistic criticism power than ordinary light satire.
Thirdly, Du Fu is also good at portraying psychology and shaping images with personalized language. Monologues and dialogues are wonderful and vivid, which well embodies the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people. For example, the poem "Wedding Farewell" is completely written by the bride's monologue, which shows her helplessness, resentment, complaint, anxiety, sadness, encouragement and expectation when she bid farewell to her husband, thus creating a working woman with rich feelings and profound understanding.
Another example is climbing the peak.
Birds fly over the clear lakes and white beaches of China and fly home. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bitter and bitter, hate frost temples, down and out. Ascending the Mountain was written in the second year of Dali (AD 767). Du Fu lived in Kuizhou. On the Double Ninth Festival on September 9, the poet climbed high and looked far, so he wrote a poem.
At the beginning, "the sky is high and the wind is urgent, the apes crow and the birds return, and the blue lake and white sand" describes in detail what the poet saw, heard and felt. In these two poems, the poet arranged six kinds of natural things: wind, sky, apes, Zhu, sand and birds, and skillfully described each thing with one word: wind disease, sky height, ape mourning, Without autumn, there would be no feeling of "wind disease", "sky high" and "ape mourning"; If you don't climb the mountain, you won't see "Zhu Qing", "Sand White" and "Birds Fly Back". The poet combines these images together to form a three-dimensional space picture, a sad and lingering picture, which reveals the infinite desolation in the poet's heart.
"Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward." Here, the poet put pen to paper and wrote down two spectacular scenes he saw when he climbed the mountain, just like the close-up of film and television technology, which formed a magnificent and turbulent dynamic picture in the reader's mind-endless leaves falling in succession and the surging water of the Yangtze River rolling in. Not only spectacular, but also magnificent. Like the previous two sentences, there is still no mention of seasons and climbing, but "leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall" is not available in late autumn, and "I think the long river always rolls forward" is also available for viewing and feeling during non-climbing. In addition, the words "rustling in the trees" and "rolling along the Yangtze River" echo the words "the wind is rushing and the sky is high" and "the sand is white" in the previous two sentences, which shows the ingenuity of the poet's conception. Although these two sentences are still about scenery, they are full of the poet's strong thoughts and feelings, but they are a true portrayal of the poet's endless worries. The above four poems describing the scenery constitute the overall picture of what the poet saw, heard and felt when climbing the mountain, and this overall picture just sets a typical background for the poet's next emotional expression.
"I came from three thousand miles away. Sad this autumn, I climb this high alone after a hundred years of sorrow "changed from explicit description of scenery to implicit lyric, and the scenery was written secretly." The poet's experience of homesickness, sad autumn and wandering overseas. Wan Li is homesick. The scenes of "Sad Autumn" and "Qiu Shu Rustling" set off the poet's lament about his life experience. "Guest residence" refers to the homesickness of wandering in a foreign country, having no friends and not being able to reunite with family. It is also decorated with the word "Chang", which means that I have been a guest for a long time and I am more homesick. The poet's sadness is closely related to autumn scenery in front of him, which shows that this lyric poem coincides with autumn scenery's description. "Hundred years" means old age. "Sick", weak and sick, more worried about the country and the people. "Going on stage" is the theme of this poem. He who climbs high sees far. However, what I saw and heard when I climbed the mountain was a bleak scene. Instead of making the poet relaxed and happy, it aroused his deep sadness, not to mention "going on stage" alone. The word "independence" shows its lonely situation. These two poems vividly depict the poet's self-image at this time, and it is no wonder that later generations will tell it through the ages.
"Bad luck has laid a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine." Further express the endless "bitterness and hatred" in the poet's heart, and secretly point out that mountain climbing has a long history. "Bitterness" refers to the bitterness of life experience, the bitterness of national events and people's livelihood. The poet's feelings at this time are not limited to personal sadness. "Frosty temples", that is, white hair, is caused by "bitterness and hatred", and the word "complexity" is more obvious. "Down and out" refers to weakness, illness, full of worries, and extreme expression of sadness in the heart. The poet is old and sick, but he has been a guest in Wan Li for a long time, and his heart is infinitely depressed. Coincided with the Double Ninth Festival, I wanted to climb the mountain to get rid of my worries, but what I saw was really full of autumn colors. As a result, my worries were added to them, and my sadness was also increased a lot. In this case, how can the poet not think of drinking to drown his sorrows? However, he has just given up drinking because of illness. Here, the poet's mood is completely integrated with the scenery in front of him. There are feelings in the scenery, and there are scenes in the feelings, which express the poet's mood when climbing the mountain, and also constitute the typical feelings in the typical environment described in the first four sentences. The artistic conception of the work is far-reaching and touching, the language is concise and implicit, and the meter is steady and rigorous, achieving a high degree of unity of ideology and artistry.
Finally, Du Fu is also good at capturing expressive details that can show the essence and mental outlook of characters. For example, the details of "No matter what demands are made on them, soldiers dare to avenge" in "Car Shop" expose the cruel oppression of the feudal ruling class and deeply reflect the author's sympathy and indignation.
The above points often appear at the same time and complement each other in Du Fu's narrative poems, which provides the best creative method for Du Fu's poems to express his thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people.