1. Perceive the beauty of poetry, music, architecture and painting in A Farewell to Cambridge.
2. Learn to appreciate poetry from the aspects of image and form, so as to fall in love with poetry.
Teaching focus
1. On the basis of appreciating poetry, cultivate the viewpoint of writing poetry.
Farewell to Cambridge is beautiful in music, architecture and painting.
teaching method
Read, recite and appreciate.
Class arrangement
1 class hour.
teaching process
I. Introduction
Farewell to Cambridge is a famous new poem by Xu Zhimo. The author integrates the scenery and homesickness of Cambridge into his poems, and shows his faint sadness of bidding farewell to Cambridge to the fullest.
Second, Xu Zhimo and his creative background
Xu Zhimo (1896 ~ 193 1), a native of Haining, Zhejiang, has a well-off family. Pen names Yun Zhonghe, Nanhu and Shizhe. Middle school is in the same class as Yu Dafu. 19 16 was admitted to Peking University. In the same year, she married Zhang Youyi, who was only 16 years old. 19 18 went to study in the United States. 1920 went to the University of Cambridge, England to study for a doctorate. During this period, Xu Zhimo had an extramarital affair with Lin, and left Cambridge in August of the same year. 1923, he founded the crescent society with Hu Shi and others as the main members. 1924, Tagore, a great Indian poet, visited China, with Xu Zhimo as translator, and then Thailand roamed Europe. In the same year, I met Lu Xiaoman, a married woman, and fell in love. 1June, 926, Lu Xiaoman and I got married. 1June 927, Professor of Shanghai Guanghua University,1June 929, Editor of Zhonghua Book Company. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/930, he was invited by Hu Shizhi to be a professor in Peking University. During this period, Xu Zhimo traveled between Beiping and Shanghai for a living. But it's still hard to satisfy Lu Xiaoman. He has made a new start, but it's hard to divorce again because of old feelings and face. He fell into deep pain. 193 1 year 1 year 1 year 65438+9 years, I flew from Nanjing to Beiping, and my plane crashed on the way, and I died at the foot of Mount Tai at the age of 35.
This poem was written by Xu Zhimo on his way home after his third trip to Europe. The time is1928165438+10.6, and the place is China Sea. But he revisited Cambridge this time, but it was a summer at the end of July. He spent the night in the home of Bertrand Russell, an English philosopher, without being informed beforehand. On a sunny afternoon, a man came to Cambridge quietly with great excitement to find his English friend. The so-called "Cambridge", now "Cambridge" in Tongze, the seat of the famous Cambridge University, is a place with beautiful scenery. Because Xu Zhimo studied and lived here when he was young and made many British friends, he has always had a special feeling for this place. Unfortunately, because he didn't contact well in advance, all his familiar English friends were absent, and only his familiar Cambridge was waiting for him quietly there. So, he started from every place and corner where he lived seven or eight years ago, and scenes of his past life reappeared in front of his eyes ... Because he was busy at that time and was in a hurry to meet another British friend, he didn't record this emotional activity. It was not until he left Marseilles by boat and went home, facing the rough sea and the vast sky, that he started a paper and wrote down his personal feelings about the sedan chair, a heavy means of transportation.
Poetry records the poet's emotional experience of returning to England and bidding farewell to Cambridge in the autumn of 1928, showing a kind of sadness. Cambridge, or Cambridge, is the seat of the famous Cambridge University in Britain. Everything about Cambridge has long left a good impression on him. Now I want to say goodbye to it, and thousands of tender feelings and feelings come to my heart. The He Kang River opened the poet's soul and awakened the passion that had been dormant for a long time, so it became this masterpiece handed down from generation to generation.
Third, play Huang Lei's Farewell to Cambridge.
The teacher instructed reading aloud. Pay attention to the rhythm of poetry, full of affection.
Fourthly, the overall appreciation of Farewell to Cambridge.
5. Appreciate poetry from images.
1. This article is unique in the choice of pictures. Please find out what the images in this article are.
Qing: clouds, golden willows, soft waves, green grass, starlight and other natural scenery.
2. What is the purpose of discussing the selection of these images?
(Crosstalk Poetry)
(1) The whole poem takes the emotional ups and downs when leaving Cambridge as a clue, expressing the deep affection for saying goodbye to Cambridge:
In the 1 section, three words "tenderness" are used to describe the scene of sneaking in and out of Cambridge alone, and at the same time, the inseparable feelings are revealed, and the image of drifting away is set off with a slightly jumping rhythm, which sets the lyric tone for the whole poem.
In the second section, I wrote about the reflection of willow trees by the He Kang River, which saturated the poet's infinite joy and attachment.
The third section describes the aquatic plants of He Kanghe, expressing the poet's eternal love for Cambridge.
The fourth part, write the green pool under the elm tree. The poet integrated his lover's scene and all his nostalgia into the scenery of Cambridge.
In the fifth section, the poet's feelings reached a climax. He fantasized about holding up a pole, rowing to greener grass to find his "rainbow dream" and singing loudly to the bright stars.
In the sixth section, the poet returns to reality from fantasy. Quietly with the sign of parting, silently appreciate the sadness of parting. The poetic scene is still returning, immersed in silence.
Section 7 echoes the beginning. "Cloud" can't be taken away, but the poet said "not taking away a cloud". This exaggeration shows that the poet is unwilling to disturb his beloved Cambridge. Here, the rhythm is the same, but with the transformation of words and expressions, more sadness has to be left. At this point, the poet expressed his deep affection for Cambridge with silence, gentleness and quietness.
(2) the whole poem uses a variety of rhetorical devices:
Section 1: Metonymy;
Section two: metaphor;
Section 3: personification;
Part four: Empathy and exaggeration;
Section 5: Take care of the beginning;
Section six: metaphor, personification and empathy;
Section 8: Overlapping duet.
⑶ Poems that rely on emotion to seek liberation have the same lyric characteristics, and their lyric structure is generally: "things are relative to me" → "things are in harmony with me "→" things are relative to me ". Readers can often see a clear lyric subject at the beginning of a poem, facing an object or an image or a situation, for some practical reasons. Then, absorbed by these images or situations, the lyrical subject melts into the object, or the gods swim with things, or I forget everything. When fugue or ecstasy reaches the extreme, and the harmony between object and self cannot be maintained, the lyric subject will suddenly return to the opposition with the object. This lyric structure is often used by poets to express the illusory sustenance after frustration and the short-term depression relief.
(4) When the poet bid farewell to Cambridge, he avoided the crowds, surrounding high-rise buildings, traffic and other ordinary objects, and chose natural scenery such as clouds, avoiding fireworks and creating a fresh feeling.
For example, the golden willow by the river is compared to the bride in the sunset, thus turning the dead scenery into a living activity, warm and pleasant. The willow reflected in the He Kang River is saturated with the poet's infinite joy and attachment. The willow branches in the sunset are covered with charming golden yellow. The golden branches sway gently in the wind, and the shadows are reflected in the water, like a beautiful bride. The beautiful shadow in this wave rippled in the water and in the poet's mind. See love in the scene, there are scenes in love, and the scenes blend together. The same is true of the choice of other images. The green grass is swaying in the soft waves, as if waving to the poet. Returning from boating at night, the water waves and starlight complement each other, and the poet can't help singing in the splendor of starlight. The poet's happiness reached its peak through proper image selection. This is the uniqueness of this poetic image choice.
Sixth, appreciate poetry from the form of poetry.
Farewell to Cambridge has three beauties in form: painting beauty, music beauty and architecture beauty.
1. Form: four lines and one section, staggered, with similar words, echoing in a circle-architectural beauty.
Qing: The first sentence used three words "tenderness" in succession, which made us feel as if the poet stood on tiptoe, like a breeze, quietly swinging away; And the deepest affection, in the tide, has become a "floating cloud in the west." The last section has three "quietness" corresponding to the first cycle. Come smartly, go smartly. With a wave of his sleeve, what shook off? Needless to say. Since I once lived in Cambridge, why should I take a cloud with me? -the first and last cycles echo, and the structure is rigorous, giving people the beauty of the whole.
2. Language: sense of rhythm, beauty of melody, flexibility-beauty of music.
Clarity: This poem is like Chopin's serenade. There are four lines and one section, and the arrangement of each section is patchy. The number of words in each sentence is basically 6 or 7 words (there are 8 words in the middle), which is neat in uneven changes; Each verse rhymes, changing rhymes one by one, and pursuing syllable fluctuation and melody sense. In addition, the repeated use of reduplicated words such as "gently" and "quietly" enhances the brisk rhythm of poetry. The first melody of the poem has a slight bounce, as if it were the voice of a poet walking on tiptoe; The second verse of this poem is musically like a happy tune played with a violin full of bows; The end of the poem is similar to the first sentence, echoing from afar, giving people a fantastic feeling.
For example, in the first verse of the poem, the adjective "light" is used three times, which shows a brisk rhythm, a soft melody and a slight bounce, as if the poet were walking on tiptoe; The second verse of this poem is musically like a happy tune played with a violin full of bows; In the form of rhyme, strictly abide by the second and fourth rhymes, cadence, catchy. This beautiful rhythm is like a ripple, which is both pious and in line with the ebb and flow of the poet's feelings, and has a unique aesthetic pleasure. The seven verses are strewn at random, and the rhythm spreads slowly in them, which is quite a poet's temperament of "white robe and thin suburban island". It can be said that it embodies Xu Zhimo's poetic beauty thought.
3. Artistic conception: golden willow, bride, beautifully dressed, rainbow-like dream-the beauty of painting.
Clarity: Almost every section of the eight poems contains a picture that can be drawn, giving people the enjoyment of visual beauty. One of the manifestations of the picture is that the poet used colorful words to create a series of vivid artistic conception, including golden willows in the sunset, green grass on soft mud and water pools in the shade. The two metaphors are quite accurate: the first one boldly imagines the "golden willow by the river" as a "bride in the sunset", which makes the dead scenery become a living thing, warm and pleasant; The second is that the clear pool water is suspected to be a "rainbow in the sky", but it has been crushed by floating algae and turned into a "rainbow-like dream". Poets such as Zhuang Zhou Mengdie, just in the madness of love, forget myself, feel "the beauty in the waves/the ripples in the heart", and are willing to be the grass swaying in the gentle waves of He Kanghe. This good structure of the unity of subject and object is not only a wonderful hand, but also a painstaking effort; In verses 5 and 6, the poet opens up a new artistic conception. Borrowing the four refrain "Dream/Dream", "A boat full of starlight,/Singing in the starlight", "Singing,/But I can't sing" and "Summer insects are silent for me/silence is the Cambridge tonight", the whole poem is pushed to a climax, just like the He Kang River, full of twists and turns! But his madness of falling on the greener grass and singing in the bright stars did not come true. At this time, silence and silence are better than many love words! . The poet seems to be caring for a lover's sleep, fearing that this dream will be damaged by the slightest bit, and the melody like a sigh is perfectly unified with parting. The second manifestation of the beauty of the picture is that the poet turns every picture into a dynamic picture through words with strong movements, such as waving, swaying, swaying, smashing, swimming back, waving, etc., giving people a three-dimensional sense.