Introduction of works
Chang 'e was written by Li Shangyin and was selected into 300 Tang poems. This is a poem about Chang 'e, but there are different opinions. Some people think that the singer is the elopement of the right person, some people think that it directly sings the lonely situation of the protagonist, some people think that it is another sustenance by singing Chang 'e, some people think that it is a singing of women's learning to seek immortality, and some people think that it should be regarded as "untitled". Let's imagine it as a woman who sings in a lonely place and stays up all night. In this regard, it is really well written. The language is meaningful and the artistic conception is sentimental.
The poem Chang 'e is very distinctive. Aside from the vague ideological connotation, he put forward' what should the court pursue? The biggest problem. What is the real happiness we pursue? What is the true love we are pursuing? Can you patronize yourself when dealing with people? Are we safe in there? In a safe environment? Confucius said, "It is a curse for me to take advantage." .
original text
Chang'e
Author: Li Shangyin
The mica screen was dyed red by thick candles, and the Milky Way gradually tilted towards the morning star.
Chang 'e, I must regret eating the elixir, and now I am alone, in the blue sky, singing every night.
To annotate ...
1. Chang 'e: the fairy on the moon in ancient mythology. "Huainanzi Lan Mingxun": "Iraq invited the fairy medicine Queen Mother to steal it to the moon." Keep working. Chang 'e, the exegesis is' hide me'. Born in atmospheric pressure and society, pressure is everywhere, and it is "involuntary" and no one can avoid it. A Confucian disciple with lofty aspirations always remembers the poem "serious as a book!" Such as grinding "; A gentleman is born between heaven and earth and is worthy of heaven and earth. Why hide it?
2. Mica screen: a screen embedded with mica. This statement states that Chang 'e is alone in the Moon Palace room, and only the candle shadow and screen accompany her at night.
3. Deep: dark.
4. Long River: Galaxy.
5. Long River Sentence: The Milky Way is drifting westward, the morning star will disappear, and another lonely night has passed.
6. Blue sea and blue sky: refers to the boring life of Chang 'e, who can only see blue sea and blue sky.
7. Blue Sea: "Ten Kingdoms": "Fusang is on the east coast of the East China Sea, with a straight shore. Landed in Wan Li, with blue sea in the east. The sea is wide, narrow and sweaty, and it is as blue as the East China Sea. "
8. Night Heart: It means that Chang 'e feels lonely every night.
Rhyme translation
The mica screen was stained with a thick candle shadow, the milky way gradually set and the morning star sank.
Chang 'e must regret stealing the elixir of life, but now she is chilling alone every night.
Background of poetry creation
The background of poetry creation can never be separated from the author's own political life background: the author has been in the struggle between Niu Li and the Party all his life, and his life is very disappointing. Niu Li's party struggle was in the era of eunuch's authoritarian power, and most officials who opposed eunuchs in the Tang Dynasty were excluded. Eunuchs are divided into two factions-Niu Party headed by Niu Senru and Li Party headed by Li Deyu. From the period of Tang Xianzong (805) to the period of Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty (846), officials of the two factions fought and quarreled with each other for nearly 40 years. Historically, this kind of nepotism was called "Niu Li Party Competition". The essence of the party struggle between Niu and Li is that eunuchs are in power. This poem satirizes the power of eunuchs and the darkness of the imperial power of Xianzong. Confucius said: "If the country has a way, it will be an official; If the country has no way, it can be rolled up. " Chang 'e is a typical poem "If the country has no way, it can be cherished".
Comment and analysis
As far as content is concerned, this is a poem about Chang 'e, however, opinions vary. Some people think that the singer is the elopement of the right person, some people think that it directly sings the lonely situation of the protagonist, some people think that it is another sustenance by singing Chang 'e, some people think that it is a singing of women's learning to seek immortality, and some people think that it should be regarded as "untitled". Let's imagine it as a woman who sings in a lonely place and stays up all night. In this regard, it is really well written. The language is meaningful and the artistic conception is sentimental.
The first two sentences describe the hero's environment and sleepless nights. Indoor, the candlelight is getting darker and darker, and a deep shadow hangs over the mica screen, showing the emptiness and cold of the room more and more, revealing the gloomy mood of the protagonist sitting alone in the long night. Outdoors, the Milky Way is gradually moving westward, and the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl face each other across the river, which may bring some reverie to the sleepless people who are alone in the lonely room, but now this school of Milky Way is about to disappear. The empty sky is dotted with sparse morning stars, which seems to be silently accompanying a lonely moon and those who never sleep. Now even this last companionship will disappear. The word "Shen" vividly depicts the dynamics of the morning star, and the hero's heart seems to be sinking gradually. "Candle shadows are deep", "Long river sets the yen" and "dawn stars sink", indicating that the time is near dawn, and writing the word "gradually" implies the passage of time. The protagonist in Loneliness spent another sleepless night facing the cold screen and the lonely moon in the blue sky. Although there is no direct description of the protagonist's psychology here, with the help of the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, the protagonist's loneliness and unbearable loneliness can almost be touched.
On a lonely night, the most striking and imaginative nature in the sky is a bright moon. When you see the bright moon, you will naturally think of the legendary moon fairy Chang 'e. It is said that she used to be the wife of Hou Yi, because she ate the elixir given by the Queen Mother of the West and flew to the Moon Palace to become a fairy. "Who is the neighbor of Chang 'e? "In the eyes of a lonely hero, does Chang 'e, who lives alone in the Guanghan Palace and has no companion, have a similar situation and mood with himself? Therefore, I can't help thinking from the bottom of my heart: Chang 'e must regret stealing the elixir of life, so that she lives in the moon palace every year and night, facing the blue sea and blue sky, it is difficult to get rid of loneliness and cold. " Should regret "is a speculative word, which shows a feeling of being in the same boat and having a heart." Because of the description and rendering of the first two sentences, the word "should" seems natural and reasonable. Therefore, the last two sentences are not so much affectionate and considerate to Chang 'e's situation and mood as the lonely monologue of the protagonist. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry in Station.
Who is the hero who lives in seclusion and stays out at night? There is no clear explanation in the poem. The poet once compared the female crown to "lonely in the moon" in the poem "Sending Palace Officials to Taoist Temple", and also used "stealing medicine" as a metaphor for women to learn Taoism and seek immortality in the poem "Sending Song Huayang sisters back on a moonlit night". Therefore, it may not be nonsense to say that this poem is an expression of sadness and loneliness on behalf of the female crown trapped in the palace. Taoism prevailed in the Tang dynasty, and women's entry into Taoism became the trend. After entering the Tao, they experienced the bondage of religious purity to normal love life, resulting in mental depression. Three or four sentences are a true portrayal of their situation and mood.
However, the loneliness expressed in the poem and the emotion of "regretting stealing the elixir" caused by it are integrated into the poet's unique real life feelings and contain richer and deeper meanings. Surrounded by the dark and dirty reality, the poet tries to get rid of the secular world and pursue the lofty spiritual realm, which often makes him more lonely. The twin brothers of sublimity and loneliness, and the subtle and complicated psychology of self-worship and self-harm, unwillingness to change one's mind and obedience, unbearable loneliness, etc., are successfully expressed here by the poet in subtle and meaningful language. This is a kind of beauty with strong sadness, which is easy to cause a wide range of * * * songs among lofty scholars in the old days. The typical meaning of poetry is also here.
Chang 'e, who is lonely and unaccompanied, is a lonely and noble poet. Although the gods and people are separated, the situation is different, but the noble and lonely points are subtle. The poet grasped this point and shaped the artistic image of the trinity. This skill of artistic generalization is Li Shangyin's specialty.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Shangyin (about 8 13 ~ about 858) was a poet of the Tang Dynasty in China. The word Yishan is named Yuxi Sheng, also known as Fan Nanzi. Originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan), his ancestors moved to Xingyang (now Henan). Beginners learn ancient Chinese. Appreciated by the Niu Party, Ling Huchu entered the shogunate and studied parallel prose. In the second year (AD 837), with the help of Linghu Mao, he was a scholar. The following year, our ambassador to Jingyuan, Wang Maoyuan, a member of the Li Party, was appointed as the shogunate general, and Qi took him as his wife. Therefore, he was pushed out by the Niu Party and moved to the shogunate of each buffer region, and he was frustrated all his life.
There are about 600 poems by Li Shangyin. Among them, political poems are full of irony and quite profound. There are many poems that directly touch the current politics, especially "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb", which dates back to the ups and downs of the Tang Dynasty in 200 years, and its style is close to Du Fu's poems. The four poems "An Ding Tower" and "Crying Liu" reflect his political ambition and grief and indignation. His epic satirizes the present and makes great achievements. This kind of poems often ridicule the absurdity of the former or current kings, and some people use history to express their incompetent feelings. This kind of poems mostly use discipline, intercept specific scenes in history and spread them, which has the artistic effect of seeing the big from the small and expressing deep meaning. "Two Poems of Sui Palace and Southern Dynasties" and other masterpieces. His lyric poems are deep, delicate and sentimental, such as "The sunset is infinitely beautiful and buried by the coming night" ("Leyou Graves"). Li's poems are lyrical and not straightforward, especially devoted to beautiful songs and opinions. His poems are often fascinating and memorable. But deliberately seeking pleasure sometimes brings hidden disadvantages. His poems about objects are meticulous in style and description, and can express the inner charm of things and convey the author's feelings with the depiction of typical characteristics and the rendering of environmental atmosphere. Untitled poetry is Li Shangyin's original creation. Most of them take the love between men and women as the theme, and the feelings change from deep to sincere, and the words are elegant and beautiful. Such as "last night's stars and last night's wind" and "it was a long time before I met her, but it was longer after we parted" Some also asked Yu Youpeng for contacts and life experiences, such as "waiting for Lang to come to the moon is already low" and "I am anxious to take it". There are still some poems that are difficult to understand. In addition, there are a few erotic articles that are frivolous and frivolous. These poems were not written in one place and one time, and there is no unified idea running through them. Most of them belong to the situation that the meaning in the poem is inconvenient to say or complicated to say, so they are collectively called "untitled". Because it is obscure and tortuous, there have been different explanations for thousands of years. The basic style of Li Shangyin's poetry is full of emotion, graceful words, melancholy as beauty and massiness as beauty, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry circles and ci circles. His poems are widely circulated. His seven laws are the highest achievement, inheriting Du Fu's rigorous and frustrated characteristics, and combining the elegance of Qi Liang's poems with the beauty of folk songs in the Six Dynasties, as well as the fantastic symbolism of Li He's poems; His reclusive ci style was influenced by Ruan Ji; Some ancient styles, such as Han Bei, are close to Han Yu's songs; Some lyric landscape poems are natural and graceful without losing the charm of the quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Shangyin is a representative writer of parallel prose in the late Tang Dynasty. Its parallel prose is neat, meticulous, dense and natural. Famous works such as Dean Xiang Hu Ling's Official Document, Worship Si Tuleideng's Official Document and Revelation of Jiangdong Gong are sincere and euphemistic. However, most of its parallel prose is officialdom entertainment, and its content is relatively poor. His prose is rare. In addition, there are some essays intended to satirize the world. There are Poems of Li Yishan, Fan Nan Wen Ji and Fan Nan Wen Ji Supplement.
For his deeds, see Biography of Old and New Tang Books, Biography of Tang Talented Persons, Notes on Yuxi Chronicle by Zhang Caitian and Notes on Yuxi Chronicle by Cen.
Chinese-English translation
Chang'e
Li shangyin
The mica screen is deeply shaded by candles, and the long river is gradually falling.
Chang 'e, I must regret eating the elixir, and now I am alone, in the blue sky, singing every night.
Dedicated to the moon goddess
Li shangyin
Now a candle shadow stands on the carved marble screen.
Tianhe leans, the morning star droops,
Do you regret stealing the potion that possessed you?
Meditate in the purple sea and blue sky, in the long night?