First, basic grammar
1. Phonetics and spelling
Russian has 33 letters, including consonant 2 1 and vowel 10. Russian spelling rules are relatively simple, each letter has only one pronunciation, and the pronunciation of each letter is fixed. When learning Russian, we need to pay attention to some special pronunciation rules, such as soft and hard sounds.
2. Nouns
Russian nouns have three genders: male, female and neutral. The gender of nouns can usually be judged by suffixes. For example, nouns ending in "-а" are usually women, and nouns ending in "-о" are usually neutral. In addition, there are two forms of nouns in Russian: singular and plural, so it is necessary to pay attention to the changing law of suffixes.
3. adjectives
Adjectives in Russian usually precede nouns and need to be consistent with the gender and quantity of nouns. For example, "красивый" is an adjective used to describe male singular nouns, and "красивая" is used to describe male singular nouns.
4. Verbs
There are three tenses of verbs in Russian: present tense, past tense and future tense. The changing law of verbs is complicated and needs to be changed according to different tenses, persons and numbers. For example, "яговорю" means "I am talking" (present continuous tense), while "яговорил"
Second, the basic vocabulary
1. greetings
When learning a language, it is very important to learn some basic greetings. In Russian, common greetings include:
-Здравствуйте! (hello! )
-Привет! (hello! )
-Доброеутро! A: Good morning! )
-Добрыйдень! (used when meeting in the afternoon) Good afternoon)
-Добрыйвечер! (Good evening! )
-Спасибо! (thank you! )
-Пожалуйста! (Please! )
2. Numbers
Learning numbers is a very basic vocabulary, which must be mastered in daily life. In Russian, the reading and spelling of numbers are very different from those in Chinese. The following numbers are from 1 to 10:
-один( 1)
-два(2)
-три(3)
-четыре(4)
-пять(5)
-шесть(6)
-семь(7)
-восемь(8)
-девять(9)
-десять( 10)
3. Commonly used vocabulary
When learning Russian, you also need to master some common words, such as:
-человек (person)
-дом (House of Representatives)
-город (city)
-машина (car)
-работа (work)
-учеба (learning)
-Food
-семья (family)
-время (Time)
-деньги (currency)
Third, learning methods.
1. Learn pronunciation and spelling.
To learn Russian, we must first learn pronunciation and spelling. You can improve your pronunciation and spelling by listening practice and reading Russian texts. In addition, you can also use the Russian Pinyin Table to help you remember the pronunciation of letters.
2. Learn basic grammar
It is very important to learn the basic grammar of Russian, and it is necessary to master the changing rules of nouns, adjectives and verbs. You can learn basic grammar knowledge by reading Russian grammar books and taking language classes.
3. Practice speaking and listening.
Practicing oral English and listening is an important part of learning Russian. You can improve your oral English and listening ability by communicating with native Russian speakers, attending oral Russian classes and listening to Russian audio.