"Youxian's Advocacy" is a note written by Zhang Gu in the late Tang Dynasty. "New Book of Tang·Yiwenzhi" records "A Volume of Zhang Gu's Youxian Advocacy" ("New Book of Tang", 2011 edition of Zhonghua Book Company ), "An Explanation of the Records of Zhizhai" records "Youxian advocated a volume written by Zhang Gu of the Tang Dynasty" (written by Chen Zhensun of the Song Dynasty, edited by Xu Xiaoman and Gu Meihua, "Explanations of the Records of Zhizhai", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987 edition) "Junzhai Study Chronicles" Qu Benyun says, "Youxian advocated a volume written by Zhang Gu of the right Tang Dynasty. Twenty-five pieces of historical relics of the Tang Dynasty. People from Yixi." Among them, "Twenty-five articles of historical relics of the Tang Dynasty" are written by Yuan This work is "Record of Twenty More Events in the Tang Dynasty" (written by Chao Gongwu of the Song Dynasty, proofread by Sun Meng in "Junzhai Reading Chronicles", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1990 edition). It can be seen that although this book is short in length, it has been widely copied and circulated, and has been recorded in various public and private books since its completion.
There is a novel version of "Youxian Advocacy" by Gu's study (hereinafter referred to as "Gu version"), which was reprinted by Gu Yuanqing from the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty based on the Song version. This is one of the earliest book engraving systems. According to Gu Ben's recording, the following text is as follows:
Li Fan's minister tried to compose Li He's poems and prefaced the collection. Before it was completed, I learned that He had a cousin who had an old pen and inkstone. He called him to see him and asked him to search for what he had left behind. The man thanked him and said, "I have written down everything I have done, and I have seen a lot of changes. Please look at it and make corrections." Li Gong was delighted and paid it forward. Extinct within a few years. Li Gong was angry and summoned him again to question him. The man said: "I have lived with He Zhongwai since childhood. I hate his arrogance and always want to repay him. Those who get what they have from the past are thrown into the water for a while." Li Gong was furious, scolded him, and complained. a long time. Therefore, the congratulations are rarely circulated.
The above quotation describes the fact that Li Fan collected Li He's poems and most of his poems were destroyed by one of his cousins. This is one of the most popular anecdotes about the literary world of the mid-late Tang Dynasty in "Youxian Advocacy". This story has always been used to explain the reason why few Changji poems have been handed down. However, as the collector of Li He's poems and the protagonist of this story, "Li Fan's Minister" has not attracted much attention.
Zhu Ziqing's "Li He Chronicle" quoted this article under the article "Xinmao (811), twenty-two years old in the sixth year of Yuanhe", thinking that "this article was about congratulating people after his death. However, "Jiu Shu" 148 "Biography of the Fan" states that he died in this year, fifty-eight years: then Zhang Gu's narration is also false" (Volume 8 of "The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing", Jiangsu Education Press, 1993), Because Li Fan was no longer alive after that, there is no way to talk about "Li He's poems".
Taking another look at Li Fan's official history, it seems that there is no one who can be called a "service minister". According to the "Old Tang Book·Li Fan Biography", "Li Fan was named Shuhan and was a native of Zhaojun." He was "more than 40 years old and not in office", "Du Ya lived in the Eastern Capital, and took the post as his old friend's son as a clerk", "Zhang Jianfeng was appointed as a clerk in Xuzhou", he served in the feudal towns, and then entered the court except Secretary Lang. . "The Tombstone of the Lady Li of Zhao County" is signed "The Records of the Provincial Secretary Lang Li Fan on December 3, the 17th year of Zhenyuan" (Compilation of Epitaphs of the Tang Dynasty edited by Zhou Shaoliang and Zhao Chao), Zhenyuan 19, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1992 edition), it was known that Li Fan was Secretary Lang at that time. Li Fan's official career in the Yuanhe period of Xianzong can be roughly ranked as follows:
In the first year of Yuanhe, he moved to the Ministry of official affairs - Han Yu's "Preface to Li Duangong in Youzhou": In the first year of Yuanhe, Li Duan, the current prime minister The public was a member of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Wailang (Annotated by Ma Qichang in "Collected Works of Han Changli" edited by Ma Qichang, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1986)
Moved to be a doctor in the Ministry of Civil Affairs and took charge of Cao affairs - "Old Book of Tang·Biography of Li Fan" < /p>
Three years of appointment to Shizhong - Article "In the third year of Yuanhe, Li Fan was appointed to Shizhong" in "The New Book of the South" (written by Qian Yi of the Tang Dynasty, edited by Huang Shoucheng in "The New Book of the South", Zhonghua Bookstore 2002 edition)
After Zheng was dismissed, he worshiped Tongping Zhangshi, the minister of the feudal clan - "Old Tang Book·Li Fan Biography"
In February of the sixth year, Li Fan was appointed as the minister of the feudal clan. Tong Pingzhang's affairs were terminated and he became Prince Zhan's affairs. In October, he served as the governor of Huazhou and the military envoy of Tongguan Defense Force. He died in November - "Old Book of Tang Dynasty: The Chronicles of Xianzong"
Even if it is like the position of "servant under the door", people in the Tang Dynasty did not take it as a post. "Servant" is abbreviated. If it is said that posthumously referring to someone is often commensurate with his highest official position, then it is especially impossible for Li Fan to be called "Secretary Minister".
According to this, this Li Fan should not have any behavior of "embellishing Li He's poems". Another examination of the article "Li Pan" in Volume 244 of "Taiping Guangji" says:
Li Pan, the minister of the Ministry of Rites of the Tang Dynasty, tried to compose Li He's poems, but the preface for the collection was not completed. He knew that He had a cousin and He Those who have made friends with pens and inkstones are summoned to see them, and asked to search for the things left behind. The person thanked him and said: "A certain person recorded what he did, and it is also common to see him changing things a lot. Please look at it and make corrections if you get what you want." Pan was happy and paid it. Extinct within a few years. Pan was angry and summoned him again to interrogate him. He said: "I have lived together with He Zhongwai since childhood. I hate his arrogance and want to repay him. The songs and poems I got are old ones, and I threw them into the mix for a while." Pan was angry. He was furious, scolded him, and complained for a long time. Therefore, the congratulatory songs are rarely passed down. Chu Youxian advocated ("Talking about Kaiben's Taiping Guangji (6)", National Library Press, 2009 edition)
This article is slightly different from Gu's text description, and there is "fan" in the name. An important variant of the word "Pan". Li Pan did exist, and he was active later in the late Tang Dynasty of Li Fan. "Yunxi Youyi" volume "Xianjunjian" article says:
In the twelfth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Chen Wan and other three advanced scholars should be selected by Erxue Hongci, and the names and poems of the examiners were determined. On the end of Jinshi.
In the imperial edict of Yanying Hall, Li Pan, the scholar at the library, and others responded to... ("The Continuation of the Four Series" photocopied from the Ming Dynasty edition of Tieqin Tongjianlou)
This article describes Li Pan's Zhizhi events in the twelfth year of Dazhong , also found in "Taiping Yulan" Volume 629 "Government Department" ten quotes from "Tangshu":
In the twelfth year of Dazhong, Li Pan Zhiju, a member of Zhongshushe, published the "Hongci Ke Chen" Wan and other three people, as well as Jin Shi, Fu Lun, etc. ("Taiping Yulan", published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1998)
"Taiping Yulan" has the same source as the historical materials of the two Tang Dynasties. The "Old Tang Book: The Benji of Xuanzong" records events in the 11th and 12th years of Dazhong:
(October of the 11th year of Dazhong) Li Fanquan, a native of Zhongshushe, knew the Gongyuan of the Ministry of Rites. (February of the twelfth year of Dazhong) Li Fan, who was appointed Chao Yilang, Shouzhong Shusheren, Quanzhi Gongju of the Ministry of Rites, Shangzhu State, and Feifeiyubao was given the title of Minister of Hubu, Shangshu.
The official resume of "Li Fan" recorded in this chronicle is consistent with that of "Li Pan" in "Yunxi Friendship" and "Taiping Yulan". According to "The Epitaph of Lord Shen Fu of the Tang Dynasty, who served as the chief minister of Dali" (Part 1, 4 of the "Compilation of Epitaphs of the Tang Dynasty"), it says: "Li Gongpan, the minister of the Ministry of Rites, knows this very well, and once said to people: Shen Sheng's poetry is from Hetuluo "Shu Er", the leader of the book, Shen Zhonghuang, died on February 9, the twelfth year of Dazhong, which can also be used as circumstantial evidence that Li Pan served as the minister of the Ministry of Rites around the twelfth year of Dazhong.
Li Pan's family history is found in "Old Tang Book·Li Han Biography":
Li Han was named Nan Ji, after the clan of Huaiyang Wang Daoming. Daoming was born in Jingrong, Jingrong was born in Wudai, Wudai was born in Si, Si was born in Ji, and Ji was promoted to an unknown position, and he became the Jin Yuanwei in Shuzhou. There are Jings in the mountains, Jings are the Sima of Shaanzhou. Jing gave birth to Han. ... Han Di, Xi, and Pan all became Jinshi. Pan Dazhong initially served as the Minister of Rites.
The life experience of this "Li Pan" is completely different from that of the aforementioned "Li Fan", and Li Pan has been promoted to a high-ranking official class during his Dazhong years, and has successively served as the Minister of Rites, the Minister of Zhongshu, and the Minister of Household Affairs. , which is also consistent with the situation that the author of "Youxian Advocacy" calls "the minister". It can be seen from this that the "Shilang Li Fan" in "Youxian Advocacy" is actually the "Shilang Li Pan".
According to Du Mu's "Preface to the Collection of Li He", Shen Ziming's book is quoted as saying:
When He Qie died, he taught me all the songs and poems I had written in my life, which were divided into four volumes, including a thousand poems. (Wu Zaiqing's "Annual Notes on the Collection of Du Mu", published by Zhonghua Book Company in 2008)
Li Shangyin's "Li He Xiao Zhuan" also narrates the incident:
Changji often rides back and forth alone. Jingluo, I may have had it when I arrived, but I discarded it, so there are only four volumes left by Shen Ziming's family. (Liu Xuekai and Yu Shucheng's "Chronological Notes on Li Shangyin's Works", published by Zhonghua Book Company in 2001)
Yishan Wen also said that Li He was "the first to be known to Han Yu of Changli", which shows that Han Yu's appreciation of Li He was also at that time People are knowledgeable. However, Xiao Li and Du's articles did not mention Li He's cousin destroying his poem manuscript. It can be seen that if the incident recorded in "Youxian Advocacy" is true, it probably happened after Du Mu and Li Shangyin wrote the article. Judging from Li Pan's official history, the compilation of Li He's poems probably occurred in the middle and late Dazhong years, and probably in the middle and late Dazhong years.
Li Pan loved Li He's poems and even took the trouble to collect his posthumous works in an attempt to compile them into a collection. I'm afraid it has something to do with the love of Li He by the people around him. Li Pan was the younger brother of Li Han, and Li Han was Han Yu's son-in-law and his favorite disciple. "Old Book of Tang Dynasty: Li Han Biography" states that "Han, Han Yu's son-in-law, was a young teacher who was a literary scholar, good at ancient learning, and also like Yu in rigid criticism." . Du Mu and Li Shangyin both said that Han Yu appreciated Li He. In "Youxian Advocacy", "Li Fan's minister tasted Li He's poems" and the next article also said:
Li He paid homage to Han officials with songs and poems. When I was in the Ministry of Civil Affairs, I was a branch of Dr. Guozi. I was extremely poor when seeing off my guests, so my disciples presented the scrolls and untied the tapes to read them. The first article "Yanmen Prefect's Journey" said: "Dark clouds are pressing down on the city and are about to destroy it, and the armor's light is shining towards the golden scales of the sun." However, he was invited with help and orders.
As for the "New Tang Book·Li He Biography" that "Han Yu and Huangfu Shi could not believe it when they heard that he could write poems at the age of seven... They were shocked, so they are famous." Although the story is absurd, this kind of Fictional legends also prove from the side that Han Yu's love for Li He's poems is indeed extraordinary. As the leader of the literary world, Han Yu's hobbies probably influenced Li Pan to some extent through Li Han. Li Han also had contacts with Li He, which can be seen in Li He's poem "Farewell to Zhang when leaving the city and pay Li Han a new reward".
In addition, Li Pan once served in the shogunate of Cui Rong, the governor of Yanhai, and met Li Shangyin in Cui Mu. Yishan's "Anping Gongshi" has "Du and Li were engaged in the mansion, Linjiaohuyi The sentence "Xiangguomo" describes the friendship with Cui Mu's colleagues Du Sheng and Li Pan. The friendship between Li Shangyin and Li Pan continued after the death of Cui Rong and the disbandment of Cui Mu. Some of them were sent to Li Pan's "Passing Cui Yanhai's House and Conversations with Cui Ming Xiucai. The Old Causes were Sent to Du Zhao and Li Sanfu, the Former Colleagues" and "After the Death of Duke Peng Yang". This can be proven by the two poems "Given Du Shiqi Sheng, Li Shiqi and Pan Erjun and appearing together with Yu, the minister of Anping Gongmen".
Some of Li Shangyin's poems in his youth show a strong tendency to imitate Changgu poems. He wrote poems such as "Pushing smoke and spitting at the moon and throwing it thousands of miles, ten rows of red tung trees die" ("Song of the Northern Qi Dynasty" ("Song of the Northern Qi Dynasty"), "What are the male dragons and female phoenixes, the sky is also confused by the tangled silk"), "The frozen wall" The frost and flowers are hidden, the fragrant roots are cut off, the fragrance is broken, and the heart is dead" ("Four Poems from Yantai"), capturing images such as "red tung trees", "miasma flowers" and "frost flowers", and also using "death", "chaos" and "confusion" "" and other verbs create a cold, desolate and confusing atmosphere, which are all imitations of Li He's poems.
It can be inferred that during the relationship between Li Pan and the young Li Shangyin, the two people's poetic preferences and appreciation tendencies were relatively similar. Li Pan may have been influenced by Li Shangyin - this also gradually deepened the friendship between the two, even under Cui Rongyan. It continued even after the Kaishogunate was disbanded.
In summary, "Li Fan" in the article "Li Fan's Minister Tried to Embellish Li He's Poems" in "Youxian Advocacy" should be regarded as "Li Pan", and the two characters are so close that they are incorrect. Li Pan lived later in Li He's life and served as a minister. He may have been influenced by Han Yu, Li Han, Li Shangyin and others and loved Li He's poems. Therefore, he made a wish to collect Li He's poems. After learning that his poems were destroyed by others, he "sighed and hated them for a long time", etc. Various performances. After distinguishing the deeds of "Li Fan" and "Li Pan" and correcting the record in "Youxian Advocacy", Li Pan, the lover and compiler of Li He's poems, finally resurfaced in history.
(Author’s affiliation: Department of Chinese, Fudan University)