Cultural knowledge from the Book of Songs 1. Literary Common Sense of The Book of Songs
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The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with 365,438+065,438+0 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems". The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since.
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. The Book of Songs contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. Among them, The Wind includes fifteen covers of The Book of Songs.
Folk songs include some places in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and northern Hubei (Qi, Chu, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin) today. They are called "Fifteen Kingdoms" and have 160 songs, which is the core content of the Book of Songs. "Wind" refers to rural wind and wind ballads. "Elegance" means elegant music, that is, the music songs of nobles at banquets or princes at meetings are divided into "Elegance" and "Xiaoya" according to the music layout, with a total of 105, including 3 poems of Elegance and 74 poems of Xiaoya. Ode is a sacrificial music, which is divided into 3 1 Zhou Song, 4 truffles, 5 commercial songs and 40 * * *. It is one of the five classics. The Book of Songs has a history of more than 2500 years. The methods of expression in The Book of Songs are divided into Fu, Bi and Xing. Together with wind, elegance and praise, it is called "six meanings" The Book of Songs is mainly composed of four words. There are 3 1 1 poems in The Book of Songs (also known as 300 poems), among which 6 poems are filled with titles and no content, and there are 305 existing poems (both titles and words). During the Warring States period, the ceremony collapsed and the music was broken, and a large number of music scores were lost. The only remaining lyrics were incorporated into the Book of Songs. The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. At the beginning, these poems were all lyrics with music, which kept the combination of ancient poetry, music and dance, but in the long-term circulation, music and dance were lost, leaving only poems.
2. The Book of Songs literature common sense
1, The Book of Songs is China's first poetry collection. 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1 1 century BC) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (6th century BC) were collected. The poems in The Book of Songs have been spread all over the world since the Spring and Autumn Period, when they were called "Poems" or "Poems 300".
2. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode. "Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. Elegant music is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into harmony and elegance. Ode is a musical song used for sacrificial rites in Zhou and noble ancestral temples, which is divided into ode to, and ode to Shang.
3. The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It is a mirror of the social life of the Zhou Dynasty.
4. The Book of Songs is such a great book, which opens a paradigm for China's excellent traditional literature: in the long river of time, good poems and even good literature are ultimately related to time, and they trickle from their narrow valleys into a wider ocean of time and space.
5. Confucius selected the Book of Songs and chose the most representative poems among the vast number of folk poems. He put the poems describing the love between men and women in the world in the first place, and frankly included gay poems, which is the greatest respect for human nature. The joy of life and the sufferings of the people are full of vivid life scenes in The Book of Songs.
References:
Sogou encyclopedia-the book of songs
References:
People's Network-Restoring the Life Scene of the Book of Songs
References:
People's Network-News in the Book of Songs
3. The Book of Songs literature common sense
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with 365,438+065,438+0 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems".
The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since.
The Book of Songs is the oldest collection of poems in China, which contains folk songs (wind), literati works (elegance) and eulogies (praise) to gods from about 2500 BC to about 3000 BC. According to legend, there was an official who collected poems in the Zhou Dynasty in China. Every spring, he shakes Muduo and goes deep into the folk to collect folk songs. After sorting out the works that can reflect people's joys and sorrows, he gave them to the Taishi (the official in charge of music) to compose music and sing them to the emperor as a reference for administration.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, it is said that there were more than 3,000 poems handed down. Later, Confucius deleted them inappropriately, leaving only 3 1 1 poems (including six sheng poems by Nan Chang, Bai Hua, Hua Tuo, You Geng, Chong Qiu and You Yi). Later, for convenience, it was called "Three Hundred Poems". The contents of the poems are:,, Bian, Yong, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Qi, Cao and Yi, and most of them are polished folk songs.
Ya (Er Ya: Ya, Xiao Ya) is of course mostly the works of literati, but there are also many people of Xiao Ya who think of words similar to wind ballads, such as yellow birds, going their separate ways, valley wind, why the grass is not yellow and so on. Ode (Three Odes: Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode) was originally a musical song to praise God or ancestors during sacrifice, but all four poems of Truffle are about the beautiful living Lu Xigong, and Shang Ode also includes flattering poems.
Among Confucius' disciples, Xia Zi had the deepest understanding of poetry, so he passed it on. There were three poets in the early Han Dynasty, namely Shen Peigong of Lu, Gu Sheng of Qi and Han Ying of Yan.
Qi's poems died in Wei, Lu's poems died in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Han's poems were still there in the Tang Dynasty, and now there are only ten volumes left. As for the book of songs circulating now, it is Mao Gong's poem (Big Mao Gong: Mao Heng, Little Mao Gong: Scapharca).
Here, I quote the Book of Songs, a collection of works by Wang Aijun, an international friends association. The Book of Songs is the first collection of realistic poems in China, with a total of 305 poems, so it is also called "Three Hundred Poems".
According to the use and music, it can be divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode, in which wind refers to folk songs from all over the country, elegance is court music, and ode is dance music used by Zhou Tianzi and princes to sacrifice ancestral temples. The Book of Songs is mainly characterized by Fu, Bi and Xing.
Among them, Qi is called Fu; The metaphor is called ratio; Let's talk about something else first to arouse what we are singing. There are ***305 poems in The Book of Songs (there are also 6 poems with topics and no content, that is, no words, which are called sheng poems).
4. Cultural knowledge in The Book of Songs
This quiet girl is so cute that she will come to the corner of my town.
Love without seeing, scratching your head. (Chapter 1) A quiet girl is a good girl, which makes me in charge.
Tong Guan Hui You said she was afraid of female beauty. (Chapter 2) From grazing to grazing, it is beautiful but different.
The bandit girl is beautiful and awkward. (Chapter III) ① Mao Chuan: "Hey, beautiful.
As soon as possible, wait. "Zhu said," a quiet person means elegance.
Corners of the city, secluded places. If you haven't seen it, you haven't arrived.
The horse said to him, "Say,' Those who have horns also have horns." Guangya:' Jiao, Jiao.
It is the corner of the city, that is, the corner of the city. ""The poet beggar gang defined it as a word to satisfy a woman. "
According to the corner of the city, it is higher and thicker than the city wall, so it is quiet and suitable for meetings. Hey, Mao legend "beauty"; Wei's Beauty.
③ Mao Chuan: "Fat is the beginning of Mao." Jian Zheng: "Xun, Xin also: Mao, white matter also."
Zhu Dui said: "Pastoral poetry, outfield also." . Returning is also awkward. "
"Yan Jingnv also gave me a fat meat. Its fat meat is also beautiful and different, but it is not beautiful, especially given by a beauty, so its things are also beautiful." "Fine Woman" is a beautiful poem, which is not deep in meaning, but it is the most attractive.
But because there is a corner and a Tong Guan in the poem, the interpreter will go out of the harem, which leads to the history of women and many stories that have nothing to do with the poem. It would be very interesting to sort out the opinions that have always been interpreted as "Beijing women" and call them "Biography of Beijing women".
The preface says: The Quiet Woman is also a thorn. Wei Jun has no way, and his wife has no virtue. "
Zhu reversed the order and said, "This is an impulsive poem." Lv Zuqian obeyed, saying, "This poem tells Wei Jun that he is heartless and his wife is unfaithful, so it tells the story of the ancient sage and the virtuous princess."
Kau Lam's statement is humorous: "If you look at it from its villains, you will admire this poem." If viewed from its upright people, then this poem is the meaning of etiquette. "
Amin Wei Diaoding said, "This is a gift from a man and a woman. When the preface thought of stabbing, Ouyang Gong said that people could stab at that time, but there is still a gap in this article.
Mao Zhengni's word "Jing" is strongly attached to the history of women in the palace pot, but he doesn't understand the meaning of "Tongguan". Zhang Hengqu and Lu Donglai want to solve the problem again, and they are all offensive words.
Zheng and Wei have many poems that men and women tease each other, catching fingers and stabbing their husbands, which is different from talking in a dream. "Many claims are much more clear than the later Qing Dynasty.
The controversy about "Beijing women" has been going on, and the articles about "Tong Guan" are getting bigger and bigger. However, by borrowing Jiang Shaozong's so-called "knowing the handle by reading poems", we can think that the "handle of poems" in Jing Nv is not "making me understand", but "loving but not seeing, stumbling".
Poetry about love between men and women is self-evident, but it doesn't have to involve "female history" or "folk". The so-called "folk" in later generations and the "folk" in pre-Qin are not the same concept, or simply, there was no such "folk" in pre-Qin.
"Those who say' quiet women' are also admired by others in private" (Liu Shixing), which is just like the title of "Ji's" in Zhao Nan's Butterfly with Leaves. The word "love" of "love without seeing", or with the help of three poems, is thought to be a loan word of "Yu", that is, teaching is "concealment", and there seems to be no such twists and turns in the poems.
"Xiao Ya Sanchi", "My heart is almost in love, but my leisure is not enough", this sentence is remarkable. Jiao Lin said, "When the clouds disappear, the next two chapters will go back to the past for a long time."
"I don't want to stay long, so I think it's time to meet." "Tong Guan is influenced by a quiet woman, but when she is affected, she must be talking and laughing, which is obvious to those who are easy to know. But the so-called "beauty" in this chapter is the so-called "beauty", that is, the speech and the modality of smiling under the influence of Tong Guan.
""I didn't stay long, but I thought of the first thing I saw. I met an Iraqi in the suburb of * * * that day, and I dare not be frivolous. If I had understood it long ago, I would have been overwhelmed by it. This is not what I dared to expect, but I got what I wanted, so I said,' It's beautiful, it's different'. Although this story is a bit disrespectful, it is unreasonable to make this poem a "legend" after all.
Ma believes that poetry is "a word to welcome a woman", which is also a good opinion. In fact, seeing emptiness in reality can be said to be a very obvious feature of love in the poem Wind, so it is solid on the one hand and ethereal on the other.
Li Shangyin's poem "I love the happiness between people, only the king of Xiang is in my dream" has a very beautiful meaning here, but if it is used in its meaning, it can be said that poetry always has the ability to regard the happiness between people as the dream of the king of Xiang. It is said that life and art are unified, which is a theory summarized by later generations. At that time, I'm afraid it was just a poetic style.
Only in this way can I feel that this simple and natural perfection is really unattainable.
5. Introduction to the Book of Songs, literary common sense
3 1 1 articles
The Book of Songs has three parts: style, elegance and vulgarity, and praise. Among them, "wind" includes "the wind of fifteen countries", and "wind" is also called "national wind", which is a ballad in various places. There are 160 poems in The Book of Songs, which is the core content of The Book of Songs. "Ya" is divided into "Ya" and "Xiao [1] Ya", with 105 poems; Ode is divided into Zhou Song, Truffle and Ode to Shang Dynasty, with a total of 40 songs. It is one of the "five eccentrics". The Book of Songs has a history of 2500 years.
There are 305 poems in The Book of Songs, among which 6 poems are prosperous, with only titles and no content, and there are 305 existing poems (both titles and words). During the Warring States period, the ceremony collapsed and the music was broken, and a large number of music scores were lost. The only remaining lyrics were incorporated into the Book of Songs. The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. At the beginning, these poems were all lyrics with music, which kept the combination of ancient poetry, music and dance, but in the long-term circulation, music and dance were lost, leaving only poems.