morning dew, for example, is more painful when you go to Japan.
be generous and worry is unforgettable.
Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem.
the green lady is leisurely in my heart.
but for your sake, I have pondered it so far.
yo yo Luming Literature, the apple of the wild.
I have a guest, blowing sheng.
it's as clear as the moon, when can it be forgotten?
worry comes from it and can't be cut off.
the more you cross the street, the more useless you are.
when you talk about the feast, you will miss the old grace.
there are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
three turns around the tree, what branch can you rely on?
the mountains are never too high, and the sea is never too deep.
the duke of Zhou vomited and fed, and the world returned to the heart.
a brief comment
A short line of songs is an old topic of Han Yuefu, which belongs to Xianghe Song Pingdiao Qu. That is to say, it was originally the name of a piece of music, and how to sing this kind of music is of course unknown now. However, in Yuefu's "Harmony Songs and Pingdiaoqu", there are also "Long Songs" in addition to "Short Songs". In Tang Dynasty, Wu Jing's "Interpretation of Ancient Poems in Yuefu" quoted the ancient poem "Long song is in full swing", Wei Wendi's Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing", "Short songs can't be long" and Jin Dynasty's Fu Xuan's "Yan Ge Xing" and "DuDu came to Long song to continue short songs". At present, we can only understand the musical characteristics of "Short Songs" based on this little material. Of course, this piece of music "Short Songs" originally had a corresponding lyric, that is, "Yuefu Ancient Lyrics", but this ancient lyric has been lost. The earliest short song line that can be seen now is Cao Cao's quasi-Yuefu short song line. The so-called "quasi-Yuefu" is to use the old Yuefu songs to make up new words. There are two short songs written by Cao Cao, and here is the first one.
the theme of this short song is very clear, that is, the author hopes to have a large number of talents for his own use. In his political activities, in order to expand his ruling base among the landlords in commoners and crack down on the reactionary hereditary powerful forces, Cao Cao once strongly emphasized that "meritocracy is the promotion", and for this reason, he successively issued "the order of seeking talents", "the order of promoting scholars" and "the order of seeking escape". In fact, "Short Songs" is a "song for seeking the virtuous", and it is precisely because it uses the form of poetry and contains rich lyrical elements that it can play a unique infectious role, effectively publicize his insistence and cooperate with the decrees issued by him.
There used to be "six interpretations" (that is, six passages) in "A Short Song Line". Now we will read it in four sections according to the poetry.
when drinking is a song, what is life? Morning dew, for example, is much harder to go to Japan. Be generous and unforgettable. Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem.
In these eight sentences, the author emphasizes that he is very worried and extremely worried. So what's the worry? It turned out that he was suffering from not getting many "talents" to cooperate with him and make contributions together. Imagine that even Cao Cao, a powerful person, was worried about "seeking talents" there, which would have much propaganda effect. If there are really "talented people" among the landlords in commoners, we can't help but be moved and encouraged by these words. They are struggling to find a way out. They didn't expect Cao Cao to be eager for talents there, so many people who are really talented or think they are talented are likely to be eager to "return" to him.
at first glance, the eight sentences of "drinking wine as a song" look like the negative tone in Nineteen Ancient Poems, but they are quite different. Talking about "life geometry" here is not to ask people to "eat, drink and be merry", but to make contributions in time. On the surface, Cao Cao is expressing his personal feelings, worrying that time passes too fast, and I'm afraid it's too late to make a difference. In fact, it is subtly infecting the vast number of "talented people", reminding them that life is as easy to disappear as "morning dew", and the years have passed a lot. You should make up your mind and come to me to display your ambitions. Therefore, once analyzed, it is not difficult to see that the rich lyrical atmosphere in the poem contains quite strong political purposes. Such a positive purpose and deliberately use a low tone to start, which certainly shows that Cao Cao really has his melancholy thoughts, so he said it truly; But on the other hand, it is precisely because such a tone can open the hearts of people who are at the lower level, have experienced many difficulties and are eager to find a way out. Therefore, the intention and wording are both true and ingenious. In these eight poems, the main emotional feature is a word "sorrow", which needs to be dispelled by wine ("Du Kang" is said to be the first person to make wine, so here his name is used as a substitute for wine). The emotion of "worry" itself cannot be evaluated, but only the objective content of this emotion can be evaluated, that is, why it is "worry". Worrying because of selfishness, decadence or even reaction is a negative emotion; On the contrary, worrying about some progressive purpose becomes a positive emotion. Looking at the specific historical background, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should be properly evaluated in history. Chen Ling, a Qing dynasty man, said in Poem Than Xing Jian: "This poem is the purpose of thinking about brave men in Han Gao's Da Feng Ge. The' life geometry' originated, and it was said that the so-called ancient kings knew that their life span was not long, so they built sages to be heirs. " This can be said to basically understand the meaning of Cao Cao's worry; However, the so-called "building sages together to bequeath descendants" is a bit far-fetched. What Cao Cao was considering at that time was to end the war and unify China in his own life. There are similarities and differences between Han Gaozu and Han Gaozu in singing "Da Feng Ge".
the green lady is leisurely in my heart. But for your sake, Shen Yin has been so far. A group of deer, yo, ate the Mugwort in that yuan ye. I have a batch of good guests, playing the lute and playing the lute.
these eight sentences are even more lingering. The sentence "Qingqing" was originally from the Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Jin. The original poem was about a girl who was thinking about her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter were: "Qingqing Zi Jin, leisurely in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not inherit the sound? " Your green collar haunts me deeply. Although I can't come to you, why didn't you take the initiative to give me a message? ) Cao Cao quoted this poem here and said that he had been reciting it in a low voice, which was really ingenious. He said that "a green girl is leisurely in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I would rather not inherit the sound?" As it is actually impossible for Cao Cao to go to those "talents" one by one, he used this implicit method to remind them: "Even if I didn't go to you, why didn't you take the initiative to come to me?" From this implicit meaning, we can see that his intention of "seeking talents" is really thoughtful and indeed has touching power. And this touching power reflects the combination of political and artistic creation. Of course, his deep and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in documents such as "The Order of Seeking Talents"; As a poem, Short Songs can express feelings that political documents can't express and play a role that political documents can't. Then he quoted four sentences from the Book of Songs, Xiaoya Luming Literature, to describe the scene of the banquet, which means that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will be able to get along and cooperate happily and harmoniously. These eight sentences still don't clearly say the word "seeking talent", because Cao Cao wrote poems, so he used allusions as metaphors, which is the expression of "being gentle and sarcastic". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a wide range of significance: at that time, all the "wise men" who read Cao Cao's poem can think that he is the object of missing Cao Cao's poem Zi Jin. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated.
when can it be as clear as the moon? Worry comes from it and cannot be cut off. The more strange it is, the more useless it is. Talk about it? I miss the old grace.
these eight sentences are the emphasis and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly talk about two meanings, that is, to worry about seeking the virtuous, and to treat the virtuous with courtesy. If music is used as a comparison, these can be said to be two "theme melodies" in the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clearly as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "theme melodies". The first four sentences are talking about sorrow, which is the first eight sentences; The last four sentences talk about the arrival of "talented people", which is the second eight sentences. On the surface, the meaning is repeated with the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reappearance and variation of the "theme melody", the whole poem is more restrained and chanted, which strengthens the lyrical concentration. From the perspective of expressing the literary theme of poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings. That is to say, "talented people" have come a lot, and we have cooperated very well; However, I am not satisfied. I am still worried about seeking talents, hoping that more "talents" will come. The bright moon in the sky is always running and will not stop ("stopping" means "stopping", and "short songs played by Jin Yue" means "stopping"); In the same way, my thoughts of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. It is also a thoughtful performance to say this, because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, so will the latecomers worry about "overcrowding"? Therefore, Cao Cao further stated here that his heart of seeking the virtuous will not end like the bright moon, and people will not have any worries, and they will be given preferential treatment if they come early or late. On this point, the author will make it more clear in the following, which is just a connecting link between the preceding and the following, playing the role of transition and cushion.
There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south, circling the tree three times. What can we rely on? The mountains are never too high, the sea is never too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits and feeds, and the world returns to its heart.
The four sentences of "Moonlight" are not only accurate and vivid brushwork for landscape painting, but also metaphorical. Shen Deqian, a Qing Dynasty poet, said in The Source of Ancient Poems: "There are few moon stars, and there is nothing for a geek to rely on." This shows that he saw that these four sentences are metaphors, but just saying "guest" is rather vague; In fact, this refers to those who are hesitant, and they are at a loss in the situation of the three countries. Therefore, Cao Cao inspired them with the scene of blackbirds circling trees and "what branches to rely on". Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to your side quickly. These four poems vividly depict the situation and mood of those who hesitate, but the author not only does not accuse them at all, but reveals his concern and sympathy for these people in rich poetry. This just shows that Cao Cao is good at ideological work, and he attracts and strives for talents with a reasonable attitude. And a sentiment like this also gives full play to the unique infectious effect of poetry. The last four sentences make the finishing point, clearly put on the liver and drain the gallbladder, and hope that all talents will come to me, and clearly understand the theme of this poem. The allusion of "Duke of Zhou spat and fed" comes from "Biography of Han Poetry". It is said that Duke of Zhou said: "The son of King Wen of my country, the brother of King Wu, and the uncle who became a king; I am also in the world, and I am not light in the world. However, if you hold your hair for three times and spit and feed for three times, you will still be afraid of losing the people in the world. " In order to receive the people of the world, the Duke of Zhou sometimes washed his hair and ate a meal, which was interrupted several times. This legend is of course too exaggerated. However, this allusion is used here to highlight the author's thirst for talent. The phrase "the mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep" also convincingly shows that the more talents, the better, and there will never be a "full of people". Therefore, Chen Ling said, "Birds choose wood. Can wood choose birds? There are three points in the world. If scholars don't go north, they will go south. When we leave for Shu and Wu, the emperor is undecided. If we don't spit and feed the festival, why come? Mountains never tire of soil, so they can become high; The sea never tires of water, so it can become deep; The king never tires of being a scholar, so the world returns to his heart. " These words are very helpful to explain the background, theme and the meaning of the last sentences of this poem.
On the whole, Short Songs, like Cao Cao's other poems, such as Hao Li Xing, Duijiu, Kuhan Xing, etc., is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line, policies and strategies implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely fused in the rich lyrical artistic conception, and the whole poem gives full play to the specialty of poetry creation, and accurately and skillfully uses the metaphor technique to achieve the purpose of combining reason with emotion and affecting people. In Cao Cao's time, he was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this creative experience is obviously worth learning. At the same time, because Cao Cao's emphasis on "meritocracy" at that time had certain progressive significance, his highly artistic performance on the theme of "seeking talents" should also be affirmed by history.
this poem is one of Cao Cao's representative works. In the poem, he expresses his great ambition to recruit talented people and make achievements. Written in four words, the content is profound, solemn and elegant, and full of emotion. At the beginning of the poem, the mood is a little low, but the tone of the whole poem is still high and energetic, which is somewhat similar to "Although Gui Shou". According to the poetic division, every eight sentences have one section and * * * four sections.
The first eight sentences are the first verse, in which the poet expresses his feelings and worries about the brevity of life and wants to drown his worries with wine. On the surface, writing about one's feelings and worries seems to be a waste of time, but in fact, writing about a great politician's broad mind for making contributions. The ratio of "morning dew" is vivid, profound and philosophical. In short, the meaning of the first section can be summarized by a word "sorrow".
The next eight sentences of "Qingqing Zijiao" are the second section, which is more profound and lingering. The sentence "Qingqing Zigan" is the original sentence in the Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zigan, and the four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qingqing Zigan, leisurely in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not inherit the sound? " Your green collar haunts my heart deeply. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to give me a message? ) The poet used this ancient poem to express his desire for talents. The tone of the poem is euphemistic, and the sentiment is deep and subtle, expressing the activities in the poet's heart, which is also the effect that political documents such as the Order of Seeking the Sage that he originally promulgated cannot achieve. Next, I quote four sentences from The Book of Songs, Xiaoya Luming Literature, to describe the scene of the banquet, which means that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will be able to get along happily and harmoniously. In short, the poet quoted ancient poems naturally and appropriately, just like his own, and expressed his wish just right.
The following eight sentences of "Clearly as the Moon" are the third section, which are the emphasis and care of the previous two sections and sixteen sentences. That is to say, the four sentences starting from "clearly as the moon" say sorrow, emphasize and take care of the first section; The four sentences starting from "crossing the street" say that courtesy should be given to talents, and the second section should be emphasized and cared for. This emphasis on care makes the whole poem have the effect of low-spirited, cadence and repeated chanting. "When can it be as clear as the moon" means when will the bright moon in the sky stop running? Metaphorically, my thirst for wisdom is like the bright moon in the sky, which will never stop.
Finally, the following eight sentences are the fourth section, which further deepens the thoughts and feelings of being thirsty for talents. The four sentences of "Moon-bright" are not only accurate and vivid descriptions of scenery, but also metaphorical meanings. Shen Deqian, a Qing Dynasty poet, said in the source of ancient poems: "There are four few moon stars, and the geek has nothing to rely on." In fact, it means that those who are hesitant are at a loss in the situation of the three countries. The poet inspired them with the scene of crows circling trees and "what branches to rely on". Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to my side quickly. In the end, the four sentences of "Duke Zhou" make the finishing point, which clearly shows that I hope that all talents will come to me, Cao Cao, and point out the main idea of the whole poem. With regard to the allusion of "Duke Zhou spat and fed", it is said that Duke Zhou himself said, "I am a king of literature.