The famous poet Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty, known as "Xiao Du" in history, had a nickname called "Du Sanyan". Why is this? Because the word "smoke" is often used in his poems, and three of his poems have become famous. Please see:
The smoke is in the cold water, the moon is in the sand, and I stay in Qinhuai at night near the restaurant. ("Boarding at Qinhuai")
In the 480 temples of the Southern Dynasties, there were many towers in the mist and rain. ("Jiang Nanchun")
Melancholy and without reason, I see Fan Li, and there are scattered smoke and trees in the east of the five lakes. ("Inscribed on the Water Pavilion of Kaiyuan Temple in Xuanzhou")
The word "Yan" is wonderful in its expressiveness, and it perfectly depicts the unique scenery of the Jiangnan water town.
--------------------------
Make it stop
< p>Wang WeiThe bicycle wants to ask about the side, and the country belongs to the country.
Zheng Peng left the Han Dynasty, and returned to the Hutian.
The lonely smoke in the desert is straight, and the sun is setting in the long river.
When Xiao Guan is waiting to ride, he will protect Yan Ran.
In the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui Xiyi, the deputy ambassador of Hexi Jiedu, defeated Tubo. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Wang Wei to go to the fortress as a supervisory censor to express condolences and inspect the military situation. This actually pushed Wang Wei out of the court. This poem was written on the way to the border.
"Bicycles want to ask for directions." If a light bike goes there, where is it going? "The country has passed over Juyan", Juyan is located in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far away from the northwest frontier.
"Zheng Peng leaves Hansai, returning wild geese enter Hu Tian", the poet compares himself with "Peng" and "Wild Geese", saying that he came to "Hansai" like a fluffy grass blown away by the wind. , entering the "Hu Tian" like the "Guiyan" flying north. In ancient poems, flying puffs are often used to describe wanderers, but here they are used to describe a minister with a mission to the court, which is a metaphor for the poet's inner anger and depression. Echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. A journey of thousands of miles was conveyed in just ten words.
Then capture the typical scenery in the desert and describe it: "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun sets over the long river." The last two sentences are written when arriving at the frontier fortress: "When Xiao Guan is waiting to ride, he will always protect Yan Ran." When they arrived at the border fortress, they did not meet the general. The scout told the envoy that the general was at the front line of Yanran.
The poet focused his writing on what he was best at winning - describing scenes. The author's mission happened to be in spring. On the way, he saw several lines of returning geese flying north. The poet created a metaphor based on the scene and used the returning geese to compare himself. He not only narrated the story but also described the scenery. It was two strokes in one stroke, which was appropriate and natural. In particular, the couplet "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the border fortress seen after entering the border fortress. The border desert is vast and boundless, so the word "big" in "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and there are no wonders. The thick smoke from the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "lone smoke". The character "solitary" expresses the monotony of the scenery, while the character "straight" immediately following it expresses the beauty of its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River that runs through it cannot express the poet's feelings without using the word "long". The sunset can easily give people a sentimental impression, but the word "round" is used here, but it gives people a warm, warm and boundless feeling. The word "round" and the word "straight" not only accurately depict the scene of the desert, but also express the author's deep feelings. The poet skillfully dissolves his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scene. Chapter 48 of "A Dream of Red Mansions" says: "'The solitary smoke in the desert is straight, and the sun sets round in the long river.' How can the smoke be straight? The sun is naturally round. The word 'straight' seems unreasonable, and the word 'round' seems too vulgar." When I closed the book and thought about it, I seemed to have seen this scene. If I were to search for two more words to replace these two, I couldn't find two more words. This is the advantage of poetry, which cannot be expressed in words. The meaning of "I want to go" is realistic; it seems irrational, but "I want to go" is actually reasonable and sentimental." This passage can be regarded as expressing the superb artistic realm of these two poems.
Notes
This poem was written in the spring and summer of the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan (737). At that time, Cui Xiyi, the deputy ambassador of Hexi Jiedu, defeated Tubo. Wang Wei, as the supervisory censor, was sent to the capital to express his condolences. . Bicycle: means alone. Question: Comfort. Subject country: subject country. Juyan, a country belonging to the Han Dynasty, is located northwest of Zhangye in present-day Gansu Province. The purpose of this trip. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Chronicles of Prefectures and States": "Liangzhou has Zhangye and Juyan, which belong to the country." Guo: Visit. Zheng Peng: Peng Peng has shallow roots and floats in the wind, so the ancients used Zheng Peng and Floating Peng to describe travelers. Sign, go. Xiaoguan: a western fortress during the Han and Tang Dynasties, located in the southeast of Guyuan County in present-day Ningxia. Waiting Cavalry, a mounted scout, that is, a mounted scout. Duhu: The chief of the Duhufu of an important border town, here refers to Cui Xiyi. Yanran: The name of the mountain is Hangai Mountain. In today's Mongolian People's Republic of China. The Han general Dou Xian defeated the Northern Chanyu of the Xiongnu and pursued him to Yanran Mountain. He carved a stone to commemorate his achievements and returned, which was later used as an allusion to defeat the enemy. Borrowed here.
Appreciation
When the poet wrote this poem, the famous prime minister Zhang Jiuling, who was his friend and mentor, was rejected by Li Linfu and was dismissed from the prime minister. This is a sign that the politics of the Xuanzong Dynasty changed from Qingming to mediocrity. Therefore, when the poet was sent to comfort the victorious army, he was not always high and excited, but also felt lonely.
In the first four sentences, the poet writes about his lonely mentality. "Cycling" to the "borderland", thousands of miles away, all alone, looking up to see the wild geese flying back, which made the poet feel sad, feeling that he was far away from his motherland like a fluttering canopy with broken roots.
The last four sentences describe that the poet saw the wonders of the desert in "Hu Tian", "The desert smoke is straight, the sun sets over the long river." Such a magnificent scene inspired the poet, making him gradually get rid of his lonely mood and give birth to a heroic spirit. The sentiments aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of defeating the enemy and making achievements and engraving stones.
What is particularly worth mentioning in this poem are the fifth and sixth sentences, "The lonely smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river." In the endless desert, a wisp of smoke from the beacon tower rises straight into the sky; the long river is like a belt, and the sunset is unusually round. These two poems highlight the rough and strong spirit of the desert and condense the poet's mentality. Judging from the words of the poem, the language is unpretentious and unpretentious, but it is able to describe the unspeakable scene at present, and contains inexhaustible meanings beyond the words, reaching a state of completeness, which shows the profound skill of the poet.
--------------------------
"Changganxing"
< p>My hair first covered my forehead, and there was a drama in front of the door.The man came riding a bamboo horse and went around the bed to make green plums.
Living together in Changqianli, the two children have no doubts.
At the age of fourteen, she is a gentleman's wife, and her face has not yet shown her shame.
He lowers his head towards the dark wall and calls out a thousand times.
On the fifteenth day, I raise my eyebrows and wish to be like dust and ashes.
How can I go to the husband-watching platform if I always keep a letter holding a pillar?
The Sixteenth Lord traveled far away to Qutang Yanlidui.
The fifth month is untouchable, and the apes mourn in the sky.
There are no signs of slow movement in front of the door, and there is green moss all over the place.
The moss is too deep to be swept away, and the leaves fall early in the autumn wind.
In August, butterflies come and fly on the grass in the West Garden.
This hurts my heart, and I feel sad that my beauty will grow old.
Get off the Sanbus in the morning and evening, and send the book home in advance.
It’s not far to meet each other, until the wind blows in the sand.
Recalling my concubine’s boudoir, I have never seen the smoke and dust.
Marrying a man from Changgan, waiting for the wind in the sand.
When the south wind blows in May, I think of you in your baling.
The west wind blows in August, and I want you to carry forward your son.
How sad it is to come and go, see less and part ways more.
I arrived in Xiangtan in a few days, and my dream became more and more turbulent.
Last night the wind was so strong that the trees at the head of the river were broken.
The darkness in Miaomiao is endless, where are the pedestrians?
It’s a good time to ride on the floating clouds, and the best time is in the east of Lanzhu.
Mandarin ducks on the green cattails, in the emerald brocade screen.
Self-pity for more than fifteen years, the color is peach red.
The business woman was worried about the water and the wind.
This is a love narrative poem, from the innocent childhood of the two to the deep longing for her husband after she left. The shyness when getting married, the joy of newlyweds and the unswerving wish are written very delicately and vividly.
Because this poem has been popular for thousands of years, "childhood sweethearts, childhood sweethearts" has become an idiom used by later generations to describe a couple who became a couple after childhood friendship