Du Fu
Ling Du has cloth, but the boss has turned his back on himself.
It's silly to make a promise, but it's better than stealing chickens and dogs.
It has become autumn, and the white head is generous.
The matter of closing the coffin has already been done, and this ambition is often lost.
If you are poor, you will worry about Li Yuan, sighing for intestinal heat.
It's fierce to make fun of classmates.
Without rivers and seas, you can send the sun and the moon smartly.
When you give birth to Yao Shun, you can't help it any more.
Is there a lack of corridors and temples now?
The fire is biased towards the sun, and the physical properties are difficult to win.
Gu Wei is an ant tribe, but he seeks his own opinions.
Hu Weiwei craves whales and wants to suppress the Bohai Sea?
Therefore, my understanding of physiology is wrong, and I am ashamed to do it alone.
So far, I have swallowed it.
Eventually ashamed of the nest, it failed to change its festival.
Drinking and chatting, singing to break the sorrow.
At the end of the year, a hundred herbs are exhausted, and the high wind Gorkon cracks.
It's cloudy and eventful, and guests are sent at night.
First frost is in rags, and his fingers can't be tied straight.
In the morning, I passed Mount Li, and the imperial couch was in the mountain.
Chiyou is cold and the cliff is slippery.
Yaochi qi stagnation method, feather forest phase Mojia.
The monarch and the minister stay for fun, and the music moves the Yinjiao Pavilion.
Baths are all long tassels, and banquets are not short brown.
All the silks in Tongting belong to cold women.
Whip her husband's family and gather in Miyagi Que.
The sage is full of grace and really wants to live in the country.
If I suddenly understand, will you abandon this thing?
Toastmasters will fill the court, and benevolent people should tremble.
I heard that the gold plate is in Huo Wei's room.
There are immortals in nave, as ethereal as jade.
Care about guests' mink and mouse fur.
Advise customers to camel's hoof soup, and frost orange presses fragrant orange.
The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones.
Prosperity and decline are very different, melancholy and indescribable.
The north is completely different, and Guandu has changed its course.
That group of ice is from the west, with high eyes.
Doubt is coming, I am afraid that I will meet Tianzhu.
The river beam is unlucky and the branches rustle.
Luggage climbing, Sichuan and Guangzhou can't cross.
An old lady sent her to a different county, ten doors away from the snow.
Who can ignore it for a long time, hungry.
The novice is wailing and the youngest son is hungry.
I'd rather give up a funeral than swallow an alley.
Being ashamed of being a father led to come to a bad end.
I don't know the autumn harvest, but I am in a hurry.
Life is often tax-free, and the name is not levied.
The traces are still sour and pungent, and people are solid.
Meditate on the unemployed, because they are far away.
Worry stops in the south, and the hole cannot be broken.
This is a famous poem among Du Fu's five-character poems. Du Fu traveled from Beijing to Fengxian from October to November in the 14th year of Tianbao (755). In October of that year, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty took Yang Guifei to the Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain to avoid the cold. In November, An Lushan rose up and rebelled. When Du Fu crossed Mount Li, Xuanzong and Guifei were having a good time, and the rebels in An Lushan were already at daggers drawn. At that time, the news of Anshi Rebellion had not reached Chang 'an, but the poet's experience and feelings on the way had already shown the clue of social unrest. Therefore, after reading this poem for thousands of years, I really feel that "the rain is full of wind." The poet's keen observation has to be admired.
The original poem is 500 words and divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph is from the beginning to "singing through sorrow". This passage is full of twists and turns, such as peeling a banana's heart and a natural turning point in language, although it is difficult to surpass it in vernacular Chinese.
Du Fu's former residence is in the south of Chang 'an, so he calls himself Ling Du Buyi. "The boss has changed his mind", and the Jewish proverb says "The more you live, the more you go back"; How clumsy? I am determined to compare myself to the two saints and Qi in Yu Shun. Their ambitions are so pedantic that there is no reason not to fail. To fall is to fall sideways, big and useless, empty and useless. "Actually, it's a failure" means a real failure. Broadness means hard work. I know I will fail, but I am willing to work hard until I am old. These six sentences are a layer of meaning, with bitterness in self-mockery, and the following is a step further. Although people are old, they are not dead. As long as they haven't built the coffin, they must work hard, and there will still be a day when they will take the initiative to approach. The tone is firm. Mencius said, "If you think there are drowning people in the world, you will still be drowned. If you think there are hungry people in the world, you will still be hungry, so if it is urgent. " Old Du Zi compared himself with Miracle, so he said that he was "worried about Li Yuan in poor years" and devoted his life to mourning and happiness with everyone. He is so enthusiastic that he can't help laughing at his classmates and old gentlemen. He doesn't care, but he is generous and sad. The poem has always been a short paragraph here, and the meaning has changed below.
Seclusion was originally advocated by literati. Lao Du said, am I really that stupid and don't want to kill time in the mountains? I had no choice but to meet King Yao and Shun and couldn't bear to walk away. From here, I shifted my meaning. Since he was born in the prosperous period of Yao and Shun, there are certainly many talents. No, you don't have to? Structural corridors and temples are great gifts. There are many people like me, but I have to stand here. Why is this? It's not a reason, it's just a temper, just like a sunflower always follows the sun. Loyalty to the monarch and patriotism is naturally good, but there is another meaning that must be added. Will the world think that they are too keen on fame and fortune? So I went on to write: people who consider their own interests can run their own nests like ants; But I was determined to keep up with the giant whales in the sea, which naturally delayed my livelihood. Although I am useful to the world, I have been working hard until now because I am ashamed to do so.
Here is the opposite. As mentioned earlier, "If you meet Yao Shun, you can't bear to live forever", but it is Yao Shun who lives in seclusion, such as Chao Fu. Nest and reason are noble gentlemen. Although I am ashamed, I can't change my behavior. These two sentences are 10% off. I can't climb high, I don't care about taking advantage, I can't bear to escape from reality like a nest, so I have to drink and write poems. Getting drunk, forgetting your troubles, singing and chatting can all break your boredom. Poetry and wine are lingering, which seems elegant, but it is actually pretending to be forced. Poetry begins here, full of twists and turns, and expresses its feelings enthusiastically, which is very true.
The second paragraph, from "Hundred Herbs at the end of the year to zero" to "Melancholy is hard to recover", is used for narration, description and discussion. The first six sentences describe the situation on the road. At the turn of October and November in early winter, we set out at midnight and crossed Mount Li in the morning. The imperial concubine of the Ming Dynasty was in Huaqing Palace. There are many mistakes in the old annotations of Chiyou. Chiyou tastes fog, that is, as a substitute for fog, the next cloud that "blocks cold air" is obviously fog. Here, I see the fog blocking the cold air. The fog is very big and slippery. Hot spring steam Apollo, Yulin Military Academy exchanges like weaving. Gong Li Dong Xiao, the weather is very good. A few strokes, wrote the real Huaqing Palace. This sentence is also called "... Bai Juyi's" Song of Eternal Sorrow ","Rise from the Li Palace, enter the blue clouds, and the distant wind carries magic sounds ". He said, "The monarch and the minister have fun" and nodded gently, but dragged Tang into the muddy water together. However, the so-called king of Yao and Shun mentioned above is really just a nice talk, covering the sun.
The sentence "Tong Ting" is extremely painful. One of them came from the hands of female workers, but the court sealed it up by violent flogging. Then the emperor rewarded his ministers and told them to serve the court well. If the vassals ignored this truth and failed to live up to the national grace, wouldn't it be equal to losing it in vain? However, the gentlemen in the school are like this, how can the poet be calm in his heart! "If the minister suddenly comes to his senses, will you abandon this thing?" The two function words "such as" and "do" in the sentence, one in and one out, are forced to ask. The people are already in pain, but the court is crowded with these greedy and heartless guys. The danger of state affairs is really close at hand, and the heart of benevolent people should tremble.
Let's go one step further. Those "smells" are empty words, forbidden in the palace, and I'm not sure. This is not only true of civil and military officials, but also of the "central government" and "ouchi". It is said that ouchi's treasures have entered the giants, which should refer to Yang and others. The word "main hall", written like a beautiful piece of jade, is caged in a smoky veil, referring to Mrs. Guo, or? This step-by-step attack is only separated from Tang by a layer of tissue paper.
It seems inappropriate to go down sharply, so I turned to tiling. The last four sentences of "Xi Ke" are connected in pairs, and the cross is opposite, indicating that the sentence is facing or facing, and the tone is quite slow. Because the meaning is too serious, we can't help but use the beautiful sound of seaweed to render it and dilute it a little. In fact, there is a tendency to advance in the process of slowing down. Mink skin, camel's hoof soup, frost orange, all kinds of delicacies, enjoy them, let the wine and meat rot, and don't cherish them.
The situation was a little wider and flatter, and then he shouted loudly, "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones." Lao Du really refused to relax and settle down. This is a famous sentence that has been told through the ages. It seems to be singing loudly, but in fact it is secretly connecting the preceding with the following, which makes people feel uncomfortable. "Jingquan" commented that "there is no trace on the road", which is quite right. Lishan Palace is decorated like a celestial body, and there is a road outside the palace gate where the corpse can be dumped. There is such a difference between prosperity and decline, so what is there to say? Yes, I can't say any more, and I don't need to say any more. It is appropriate to stop here.
The third paragraph is from "the north axis is on the Jingwei River" to the end. The whole article begins with worrying about one's home country, and ends with one's own situation in combination with the current situation. The word "Yong Huai" runs through the whole article.
The following eight sentences describe the situation on the road. The first sentence has variants of "group of ice" and "group of water", and the enemy notes that "group of water is still ice, it is not. At this time, it is winter, and the ice is still unsolved. " This is not right. This poem may have been written in late October, so it is not necessary to set it in mid-winter. Making a mass of ice is poetic. Although the winter is very cold and the water is very fast, the ice is still not close to the ear. Look at the "treble" and "loud" below, and win by ice. Of these eight sentences, only two are realistic, "I doubt that I have come here, and I am afraid that I will touch Tianzhu." With * * * Gong nu's allusions, Zhoushan can't be touched, suggesting that the times are serious.
Then I wrote home and expressed my feelings. It was really dramatic to hear my family crying as soon as I entered the door. The youngest son died of hunger. He died of hunger. The situation is very tragic. "Give up a funeral", and use the Book of Rites Tan Gong to record Confucius' words: "In the event of a funeral, I shed tears, and I have no way to shed tears to my evil husband." The word "give up" means to give up, saying that I can barely be philosophical and self-sufficient, but my neighbors are sobbing about it. It is not shameful for a father to let his son starve to death. After the autumn harvest, there should be no shortage of food, but the poor can't help starving. Like myself, it's finally bitter. Is it bitter? Not necessarily. Because he is always an official, he can be exempted from taxes and perform military service as usual, but he is still in such a mess that ordinary people will be far more uneasy than him. It is certain that the weak will make up for the vacancy and the strong will want to rebel. Think about how many unemployed people in the world, how many soldiers have not returned to the team for a long time, and those martial arts and footwork are all dressed up. Just wait for the gong to ring, and they will really kill and chop. Chaos is imminent, and natural worries cannot be cut off. It's as high as Zhongnanshan, and it's mixed with the sea. On the surface, it seems that the poor are crazy and dreaming. It will be a few days before we know the poet's insights!
This passage seems to be a casual narrative, not very hard, but naturally it summarizes the whole poem unconsciously, which is extremely wonderful. The ending is the hardest, and a complete poem must have a good ending. His way of thinking is nothing more than "pushing yourself and others", and there is nothing mysterious. Combine personal life and think of big groups; Judging the rise and fall of a country from the joys and sorrows of all the people, naturally every sentence is true and will come true. As far as literature is concerned, Gu is an epic of a generation, that is, On Things, and it is also a thousand-year-old Yin Jian.