Modern Style and Metric Poetry
This is divided according to the harmony degree of poetic language rhythm, whether it is general harmony or very harmony (highest harmony).
(1) Modern Poetry: As far as literary genre is concerned, Modern Poetry is a language art that takes China vernacular as the carrier and reproduces the lyricism of life with the universal harmony of language rhythm. The masterpiece is Sister by Yu Shui, a contemporary poet in China.
(2) Modern metrical poetry: As far as literary genre is concerned, modern metrical poetry is a language art that takes China vernacular as the carrier and reproduces the lyricism of life with the highest harmony of language rhythm. The metrical requirements of modern metrical poems are the same as those of classical metrical poems, such as defining words, sentences, stanzas, grades and rhymes.
(See "Poetry of Water")
Narrative poems and lyric poems
This is divided according to the expression of the content of the work.
(1) Narrative Poetry: Poetry contains relatively complete story lines and characters, which are usually expressed by the poet's passionate singing. Epic, story poem and poetic novel all belong to this category. Homer's epics in ancient Greece, such as Heriat and Odyssey; China poet Li Ji's Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang and other story poems; Don Juan by British poet Byron and yevgeni onegin by Russian poet Pushkin.
(2) Lyrics: It mainly reflects the social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, and does not require complete stories and characters. Such as love songs, carols, elegies, elegies, pastoral songs, satirical poems, etc. There are many such works, so I won't list them one by one.
Of course, narration and lyricism are not absolutely separated. Narrative poetry is also lyrical, but its lyricism requires close combination with narrative. Lyric poems often describe some fragments of life, but they can't be spread out, and they must obey the needs of lyricism.
Rhythm, Freedom, Prose and Rhythm
This is classified according to the phonological meter and structural form of the language of the work.
(1) Metric poetry: It is a poem written according to certain formats and rules. It has strict rules on the number of lines, the number of words (or syllables), the tone and rhyme, the antithesis of words and the arrangement of sentence patterns. Such as the metrical poems, quatrains and songs in China's ancient poems and the European sonnets.
(2) Free verse: it is a newly developed poetic style in modern Europe and America. It is not limited by metrical rules, has no fixed format, pays attention to natural and internal rhythm, and uses rhymes roughly similar or without rhymes. The number of words, lines, sentence patterns and tones are relatively free, and the language is relatively popular. Whitman, an American poet (1819-1892), is the founder of European and American free verse, and Leaves of Grass is his main collection of poems. This poetic style has also become popular in China since the May 4th Movement.
(3) Prose poetry: it is a literary genre with both prose and poetry characteristics. There are poetic artistic conception and passion in the works, which are often full of philosophy, paying attention to the rhythm of nature and the beauty of music. The length is short, like prose, and it does not rhyme, such as Lu Xun's Weeds.
(4) Rhyme: It belongs to a literary genre. As the name implies, it generally means that the end of each line of poetry must rhyme, and the poem reads like a ballad. Rhyme here refers to modern rhyme, which belongs to a new style of poetry, similar to the popular rhyme of Fang on the Internet. Debuted after 2000.
Modern Poetry and Contemporary Poetry
According to the stage of poetry development.
(1) Modern Poetry in China: Poetry before the first half of the 20th century is called Modern Poetry in China.
(2) China's contemporary poetry: Poetry after the second half of the 20th century is called China's contemporary poetry.
trait
The characteristics of modern poetry are:
1. Freedom of form;
2. The connotation is open;
3. Image management is more important than rhetoric;
4. It has a high degree of generality, vivid image, strong lyricism, musical harmony and branch arrangement in form.
Genre formation
On behalf of the highest achievement in the founding period of new poetry, it is Guo Moruo, the main commander of the creation society and a romantic poet. The deepening of various social contradictions during the May 4th Movement aroused the awakening of advanced elements. The vast number of young people who are depressed because of dissatisfaction with the status quo are eager to find ways to express their demands for individual liberation by erupting passion. It is against this background that a group of poets seek inspiration and strength from romantic poems in Europe and America. They exposed the darkness of feudalism in their ideal vision. As a rebel of the old order, a generation loyal to their enthusiasm and ideals naturally accepted romanticism in thought and used it as an artistic principle to guide their creation. This is the reason why a group of creative poets represented by Guo Moruo admire romanticism.
Most of the poems of Guo Moruo's masterpiece Goddess are written in 1920. His creation conveys the spirit of the May 4th Movement with lyrical images of flying and whistling. He abandoned the poet's graceful interest in the short poem movement and created a bold poetic style with rich tone, fast melody and all-encompassing and informal style. He is keenly aware of the requirements of the times, and his poems are full of the dynamic spirit of the 20th century. The basic spirit of the goddess lies in creation, seeking the birth of a new self in the old destruction. Guo Moruo's self-immolation phoenix image embodies his criticism and struggle consciousness to the old world, and also symbolizes the era of creation and pursuit of light. Guo Moruo also pursues the integration of modern western civilization and ancient oriental cultural traditions. Many works in Goddess express the ancient myth tradition of modern spirit in the form of new poems, which are not only related to the fighting consciousness in the new century, but also consistent with the historical civilization of China, especially the spirit of the May 4th Movement. He introduced the vocabulary of social science and natural science into new poetry, enriching and completing the transformation and renewal of modern images in new poetry. After Goddess, Guo Moruo wrote such poems as Starry Sky, Qianfeng and Restoration.