1. Train students' ability to extract key information from the text and summarize and analyze it;
2. Understand the suggestive features of China's classical poetry language, and then improve the appreciation ability of classical poetry;
3. Understand the relatively stable image of China's classical poetry, and improve the understanding and comprehension of classical poetry;
4. Be able to use the knowledge and ability learned in this class to analyze similar phenomena in poetry.
Analysis of teaching difficulties;
Key points:
1, analyze the text, extract key information, and summarize;
Difficulties:
1. The surface of the full text is to analyze the artistic characteristics of "Mu Ye" in ancient poetry, but the essence is to talk about the characteristics of poetic language;
2. Analyze similar phenomena in poetry by using what you have learned.
Teaching methods include reading aloud, exploring, analyzing and inducing.
Teaching process:
First, import:
Students, please name your favorite poem. And make a brief analysis. It is intended to review what they have learned easily, so that students can enter the aesthetic situation of the language first. )
Our ancient poets were "sensitive and cultured". They seem to have infiltrated profound aesthetic and psychological principles and created a delicate poetic language that can withstand people's "touch". It is impossible for this language to give a so-called scientific answer, which requires our careful interpretation.
"Poetry is the art of imagination. Only by reading with imagination will the feeling of poetry gush out. "
Students, let me dedicate these words to you as the "inscription" of this class. Let's walk into the palace of poetry with imagination.
2. Understand the difference between "konoha" and "leaves", explore the reasons why "konoha" developed into "fallen wood", compare "konoha" with "fallen leaves" and "yellow leaves", and then grasp the artistic characteristics of "konoha".
Q 1: conceptually, what is "konoha"?
Discussion, clear: it is "leaf".
Q 2: Since the concepts are the same, why do they give people such different feelings? Please combine the poems quoted by the author to understand.
Show the poems quoted in the text to guide students to think;
Quotation 1:
Tree: After the emperor, trees were beautiful and oranges were attractive.
There are many osmanthus trees and secluded mountains.
There are strange trees and gorgeous green leaves in the court.
Leaves: dense birds fly, the wind is light and the flowers fall late.
Between the bright clouds and the moon, the leaves in China are burning.
Thinking: What impression did these poems leave on you?
Clear: lush leaves, full of shade.
Quote 2:
Konoha: Under the pavilion, Gansu flies in the first autumn.
Hearing the cold beat of the washing mallet shake the leaves, Liaoyang expedition will go for ten years.
Falling wood: Leave the cave to fall wood and go to Chaoyang and Jeep.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Think, discuss: Feel how these poems make you feel. And pay attention to the development and key points from "wood leaf" to "falling wood". In order to help students understand, play the recitation of Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain. )
Qing: bleak and desolate. The focus is on the word "wood".
It shows that Mu Quyuan began to use it accurately in a season when autumn leaves fall: "The autumn moon shines on the mountains, the cold wind sweeps the tall trees" and "I hate how tall the trees are, and the sea makes waves"
After discussion, it was clear: "I hate too many trees in Taiwan, and the sea makes waves." Give people a sense of fullness and feel the layers of leaves fluctuating. And "the autumn moon shines on the mountains, and the cold wind sweeps the tall trees." It's Qian Shan's inverted wooden map, and it feels very "open".
Summary: This is the artistic feature of the word "wood" in ancient poetry.
Q: Why does "wood" in China's classical poems imply "fallen leaves"?
Clear: Because "wood" has the shadow of "wood", "wood" and "board", people think more about trunk and exclude "leaves" from the sparse image of "wood".
Thinking: What kind of "fallen leaves" does "konoha" imply?
Experience: "Autumn wind blows, Dongting Lake waves under the leaves", "Beauty shemale is idle, taking the mulberry road; Soft strips are in Ran Ran, and leaves are falling. " "There are no neighbors in the quiet night, and I live in the same old hut here; Do the "konoha", "fallen leaves" and "yellow leaves" in Raindrops Brighten Yellow Leaves and Lights Shine White Heads give us the same feeling?
Obviously: "The autumn wind is curling, and the waves in Dongting Lake are under the leaves", among which the leaves are slightly yellow, "The beautiful shemale is idle, picking mulberry roads; The "fallen leaves" in the soft strips are full of water and dense, while "there are no neighbors in the quiet night, and I live in the same old hut here; The "yellow leaves" in "Like raindrops brightening yellow leaves and lights shining on my bald head" are yellowish but not dry, and have no meaning of falling.
Conclusion: "Muye" means "withered leaves" and brings us "the fragrance of the whole autumn". This is the artistic feature of Konoha. Please experience it with the picture of "Dongting wave under the leaves"
Third, understand the writing purpose of this article and grasp the characteristics of poetic language; Analyze the writing characteristics of this article.
Thinking: Is this article only about the artistic features of "Muye"? What is the real purpose of writing Konoha?
Clarity: it explains the suggestive features of poetic language.
Question: How does the author explain the suggestibility of poetic language?
Clarity: this suggestibility "seems to be the shadow of the concept, often hiding behind." We won't notice if we don't pay attention. Sensitive and cultured poets are trying to understand all the potential forces in language images and combine these potential forces with the meaning in concepts to become a colorful and lasting statement. The language of poetry is very infectious and enlightening.
Discussion: This paper explains the suggestibility of poetic language, but intends to take "Talking about' Muye'" as the topic. What do you think if it is changed to "on the suggestibility of poetic language"
Clarity: If the topic is "On the Implication of Poetic Language", the thinking of the whole article will change, and it may be discussed from a theoretical point of view and written into a highly theoretical academic paper. For example, when reading and pondering the poems about "Muye", profound literary theories can be infiltrated, and the complexity can be simplified and the abstraction can be turned into images, which not only reflects the author's scientific attitude, but also conforms to the reader's reading psychology.
Fourthly, we should think about similar literary phenomena and draw inferences from others to understand the relative stability characteristics of China's classical poetry images, so as to improve our understanding and comprehension of classical poetry.
Teacher: the language of poetry is suggestive, and those subtle meanings are often conveyed outside the words. Therefore, when we appreciate poetry, we should not only taste the meaning, but also taste the meaning.
Thinking 1: There are many intriguing images in ancient poetry, which, like "leaves of wood", become implicit language that is difficult to express, such as "moon", "plum", "willow" and "cuckoo". Please appreciate the artistic characteristics of the "moon" image in ancient poetry according to the implicit theory of poetic language explained in this paper. (Show the words "Prune Plum" and "Welcome to Huan" and their pictures)
Discussion, conclusion: * Huaiyuan
Thinking 2: Please talk about the characteristics of the image of "Mei" according to the plum blossom poems you are familiar with. Show Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom and Lu You's Operator? Yongmei "
Discussion, conclusion: noble, holy and faithful.
Teacher: There are many images in China's classical poems, which are often used by poets to express similar or interlinked feelings because of their relatively stable prosperity. But please also note that sometimes poets organize the same image in different image systems, thus expressing different or even completely opposite feelings. For example, Emperor Taizong loved peach blossoms and wrote a poem chanting peach blossoms: "The Forbidden Garden is beautiful in spring and full of flowers. Decorate with dark and light colors to show uneven light. There are countless smiles hanging on the corners of the mouth, and there is a trace of fragrance floating in the wind. How to show off the fairy side? " Du Fu, on the other hand, said that "fine peach blossoms follow the water", which belittled the value of peach blossoms. Another example is * and Lu You's two "BuFu"? "Yongmei, the state is different.
5. Homework: There are too many "Mei" in ancient poetry, and the feelings expressed are not consistent. In addition to those listed above, please find more and write an appreciative article.
Summary: Students, we grew up in the country of poetry. Poetry is a precious legacy left by our ancestors and also our pride. I hope that after tasting the aesthetic experience of poetry today, students can love our traditional culture more, read, learn and love poetry, and become a cultured little poet. Finally, please let me dedicate the following poem to my classmates as the end of today:
Elegance is poetry, and ancient Yuefu is poetry;
Dr. San Lv's wild is poetry, and the poet Taibai's fugue is poetry;
The River of No Return is a poem that brings wine to the wind.
Poetry, you can sit quietly and listen; You can also sing softly in the rainy street. ...
Loving poetry is actually loving our life.
Chapter II Teaching Objectives:
I learned to understand the suggestive features of poetic language.
Secondly, according to the characteristics of poetry language, it is transferred to appreciate the subtlety of poetry, so that students can really feel how to appreciate poetry.
"Say" konoha "teaching process design is as follows:
An import:
Du Fu, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, has two famous sentences in his poem Ascending the Mountain: "Leaves fall like waterfalls, but I think the long river always rolls forward". Do the students know what "falling wood" means here? (After the students have made it clear that "fallen tree" means "fallen leaves") Then why didn't Du Fu use leaves and fallen leaves, and didn't say "endless leaves rustle and the Yangtze River rolls"? What is the difference between "wood" and "leaf"?
In literary works, whether a word is exquisite or not is enough to decide whether the work is brilliant or eclipsed. In particular, our classical poems, with few words, create rich emotions and broad artistic conception. After reading it, it is full of fragrance, but the beauty is beyond words. This is inseparable from the language of poetry. Today, we will discuss the language features of China's classical poems through the article "Say" Muye ". (blackboard writing topic)
Secondly, the article is analyzed, which leads to the linguistic features of poetry:
Ask everyone a simple question: look out the window, the green one, why do we call it? (When students' interest rises sharply, they all answer "tree")
Students say it's a tree, and I say it's a wood, okay?
There is no difference between the two in biological concept. Trees, trees, trees are wood.
Since there is no big difference between trees and trees in biology, why are all our classmates from Screaming Trees and few from Screaming Trees? Because in our hearts, the images of trees and trees are very different. Can some students tell us what they are?
Tree: leafy, lush and fluffy.
Wood: board, dry, solitary, straight, brown.
3. What are the main reasons for this difference between trees and wood?
Tree: a big tree with dense green leaves, giving people a full and dense feeling.
Wood: a large piece of wood with no leaves, which gives people the feeling of being empty and depressed, and reminds people of fallen leaves.
So, what caused this characteristic of wood? In the fifth paragraph of the article: poetic language is suggestive (read this paragraph together)
Summary: In the field of literature, two words with the same concept may be very different in image, color and associative meaning. Enter poetry, form different images, and produce different artistic conception and emotion. )
4. Our poet has a unique view on this phenomenon. In the sentence expressing clear autumn
In Chinese, the poet used "wood leaf" instead of "leaf". Next, let's look for the poems written by the ancients in the text with leaves of wood.
Next, let's look at the difference between "leaf" and "konoha" in the implied meaning. How did Mr. Lin Geng introduce us? Can you find a theoretical basis? (See paragraph 5)
5. Different suggestive words have different meanings when entering poetry. we
Let's look at the following four poems. What kind of artistic conception does it reflect respectively?
Wood: the autumn moon shines on the ridge, and the cold wind sweeps the tall wood-open.
Trees: There are many tall trees in Hengtai, and the sea is rough.
Konoha: The autumn wind is curling, and the waves in Dongting Lake flow under Konoha-sparse and yellowish.
Leaves: beautiful women are idle, picking mulberry roads, Ran Ran soft strips, falling leaves-rich and green.
Conclusion: Different suggestive words often produce different artistic conception and emotion when they enter poetry.
It is because of the suggestibility of poetic language that trees and trees have different meanings, from which we can understand why the poet changed "leaves" into "leaves of wood" to represent the fallen leaves in clear autumn. "Muye" can better reflect the character of autumn: spacious, sparse, yellowish and dry. It is precisely because of the suggestibility of poetic language that our poet "sings a sentence and breaks a few stems" and has a "thoughtful" beautiful talk.
Third, immigration.
1. After a certain period of cultural precipitation, the word "konoha" often appears in the atmosphere of clear autumn, forming a relatively fixed meaning. There are many such phenomena in China's classical literature, such as chrysanthemum, wicker, bright moon and so on. What does the familiar "three old and cold friends" generally mean? However, if all poets write like this, they will become a parrot. And talented poets can often break away from convention. Poets organize them in different image systems, expressing different or even opposite feelings and forming different suggestibility. Look at the following three poems by Yongmei: (Teachers and students read three poems with emotion, trying to express their feelings through language and voice).
Chinese plum
Wang Anshi
There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.
I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.
Yongmei is divining.
Lu you
Outside the bridge, the plum blossoms are lonely, no matter what. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, already exhausted, but also subject to wind and rain. Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual.
Yongmei is divining.
*
Spring leaves in the storm; With the snow, it came back. Although the icicles on the cliff are still hanging for miles. There is a sweet flower in it. Joe doesn't fight for spring, he only reports it. When the flowers bloom, she laughs in the bushes.
Pay attention to the differences between the three poems. Image group,
Compare three different images of Mei, and talk about what feelings the poet gave Mei in his own works.
Discussion and analysis:
First, it emphasizes the uniqueness, nobility and holiness of cold ling (in the snowy world, the fragrance wafts from the corner, making people find a bunch of blooming plum blossoms).
Second: helpless and desolate, aloof and lofty (at dusk, the bridge is broken outside the post, and there is no one in Wan Li.
Third, the outlook is firm, magnificent and bold (see spring in the snow, smile in the snow)-ambitious and bold.
Although the above three poems are all works of Yongmei, they express different emotions and situations, thus resulting in different meanings.
Same.
2. The image of willow: willow stays, and the ancients had the custom of folding willow to bid farewell. But the willow tree not only has the meaning of farewell, but also has some implied meanings, such as: ... (insert courseware for students to practice)
Summary: Dear students, today we learned the linguistic features of poetry. However, this is only the tip of the iceberg for beautiful classical poetry. The mysterious beauty of classical poetry such as Mona Lisa needs further exploration. I hope that through today's study, we can learn something about how to appreciate the subtleties of poetry.
Not only is the poetic language suggestive, but there are also many suggestive things in life. For example, red means enthusiasm, excitement and celebration.
Green means youth and life. Roses mean love. ......
Students give examples.
Chapter III Teaching Objectives
First, understand the characteristics of poetic language.
Second, learn the methods of analysis and synthesis.
In this paper, a large number of examples in classical poetry are quoted around "Mu Ye", and through careful comparative analysis, the suggestive characteristics of poetic language are expounded. In teaching, students can be guided to carry out research study, master the author's basic viewpoints, learn the method of comparison, seriously understand the different meanings and artistic effects of words such as "wood" and "tree", truly feel the characteristics of poetic language and appreciate the methods of poetic language.
Teaching step
First of all, say "konoha"
The similarities and differences between wood and tree further emphasize the suggestibility of Tao Ge language. China is a country of poetry. Poetry emerged from labor and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty after a short period of time. Throughout ancient poetry, many images are often used by poets to express similar or interlinked feelings because of their relatively stable sense of color. "Muye" has a sense of withered leaves, which brings the whole clear autumn breath. The author analyzes the subtle differences among trees, leaves and leaves, focusing on the similarities and differences between trees, and further emphasizes the suggestive problems in poetic language.
But sometimes, poets organize them in different image systems to express different or even opposite feelings. For example, Emperor Taizong loved peach blossoms and wrote a poem about Tao Tao: "The Forbidden Garden is beautiful in spring and full of flowers." Decorate with dark and light colors to show uneven light. There are countless smiles hanging on the corners of the mouth, and there is a trace of fragrance floating in the wind. How to show off the fairy side? Du Fu, on the other hand, said that "fine peach blossoms follow the water", which belittled the value of peach blossoms.
The author Lin Geng is a scholar and poet. In his article, he made a very detailed analysis of the artistic characteristics of "wood" in the image, which should be said to be quite enlightening for us to observe the subtleties in poetry art.
Third, note the following words.
A. Curly () Orange Ode () Burn () High ()
B. () () lingering () praise ()
C. Dry () dry () dry () dry () dry ()
D. Drifting () far () mast ()
Second, study the text and discuss problems.
1. What are the differences between "tree" and "wood" in classical poetry in terms of artistic features, implications, emotional appeal and applicable occasions?
Lush leaves
The leaves of special branches are green and the trunk is brown-green.
Wood trunk, defoliation factor
Wood *, dry texture
Italian tree: plump
Taste wood: Shu Lang
The trees are covered with leaves and the shade is dense.
Harmonious autumn wind sweeps away leaves.
2. Take the association of fallen leaves caused by "wood" as an example to explain the characteristics of poetic language and its significance to the poet's creation. This paper focuses on the suggestibility of poetic language (referring to the image color and associative meaning of words).
(1) "suggestibility seems to be the shadow of the concept"
Literally speaking, "wood" is "tree" and "person" is the same concept, but the images and colors of the two words are different, which leads to different associations. "Wood" has the shadow of "wood", "wood" and "board", or the image color of wood, which makes people think more of trunk and seldom of non-wood leaves. "Leaves" are therefore often excluded from the sparse image of "wood".
Exercise:
First of all, point out the author and source of the following poems:
1. The autumn wind is curling, and Dongting waves are under the leaves.
The source of the author
2. Dongting began to float and the leaves fell off slightly. The source of the author
3. Under the leaves of the wood, Jiang Bolian, the autumn moon shines on the clouds and rests on the mountain.
The source of the author
4, the autumn wind blows the leaves, like Dongting waves.
The source of the author
5. Leaf birds fly, the wind is light and the flowers fall late.
The source of the author
Second, please fill in the last part of the following poem:
1. Autumn moon shines on the ridge. (Wu Jun's "Guliu")
2. the waves. (Cao Zhi's "Noda Yellowbird Tour"
There are many soft belts in Ran Ran. (Cao Zhi's Beauty)
The wind blew at dusk. (Wu Jun's "Qing Xi Sao Ge")
When I watch the long river rolling forward. (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain)
Third, enjoy the following ancient poem:
Chant 1) Wang Luobin.
In the west, cicadas sing, and in the south, visitors think deeply.
I can't stand the shadow of a mysterious temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.
Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ?
① Note: This poem was written in the third year of high school (678). At that time, King Robin was appointed as an assistant inspector. He was falsely accused of taking bribes because he touched the marquis of Wu in this matter.
② westland: autumn. ③ Nanguan: refers to prisoners. Xu Anbi: refers to cicada.
Try to appreciate this poem from the aspects of ideological content and expression skills.
Answer:
1. 1. Qu Yuan's Nine Songs. 2. Yuefu in Xie Zhuang. 3. Lu Jue's Song of Linjiang King.
4. Wang Bao's "Crossing Hebei" 5. Xiao Gang's "Broken Willow"
Second, 1. The cold wind swept the tall trees. 2. Tall trees have more hatred.
3. How can the leaves fall? 4. The leaves fall on the branches. The leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall.
Third, this is a poem about things and aspirations. Ren Tao expressed his thoughts and feelings. Although he had noble character, he was not known by people at that time. On the contrary, he was framed in prison and deeply missed his home in prison.
Liu in Tang Poetry
Willow, graceful and swaying, is favored by literati in past dynasties and is often regarded as the object of lyric expression. There are countless masterpieces of chanting willow in Tang poetry. Among them, his poem "Singing Willow" is the most:
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
This poem, contrary to the previous description of the slim figure of a beautiful woman in the image of a willow, turned the willow into a beautiful "jasper" and vividly described the charming posture of the long branches and bright green leaves of the willow in the spring breeze with anthropomorphic methods.
Among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin had the most affection for Liu. In his collection of poems, there are more than a dozen poems with the theme of "Liu". The poem "Giving Willow" depicts the charm of spring willow;
Willow color on the platform, bright or dark-all the roads, willow branches are dancing like young girls.
Many people have heard the praise of Liu Feng to the extreme, and now what they see is just the same graceful.
The charming willow color has reached the bridge, and my heart is behind me when I watch the willow color cut off and extend across the bridge to the long beach.
Liu Er is really thoughtful, releasing catkins like snow, floating and flying in the brothel.
"Shade" and "staggered" describe the lush scene of willow, either bright or dark, with soft strips hanging down. "Romantic" and "graceful" describe the light posture of willow, flowers fly like snow, and describe the prosperity of spring willow to the extreme.
And "Willow" is about willow in autumn:
I used to chase the east wind, just like a dancer dancing at a banquet. It was a spring full of flowers, and people were playing in Leyuan Scenic Area.
How can you bring the sunset and cicada to the clear autumn day?
Write autumn willow, compared with spring willow. The prosperity of willow in spring reflects the decline of willow in autumn; The more prosperous and proud the spring is, the more haggard the autumn willows are.
Both of them are chanting willow, but the poet shows completely different feelings: writing spring willow highlights his joy and love for the prosperity of spring willow; Writing autumn willows is the poet's lament over the decline of autumn willows.
Chanting willow is often used as a farewell in Tang poetry. Luo Yin's "Willow" is a farewell scene on a sunny day in late spring, outside Chang 'an, on the bank of Bashui, by means of comparison.
It's sunny on the shore, so it's hard to say goodbye.
I'm still uncertain about my flying flocks, and I'm trying to solve the problem of tripping over passers-by.
In farewell poems, poets usually fold willows to bid farewell. Such as Dai Shulun's "Willow on the Dike":
The weeping willows are full of silk, and spring comes to weave parting.
Pedestrians climb, and now when my heart is breaking.
Shi Jianwu's "Folding Willow";
Seeing Yang Liuchun by the roadside, I folded it all again.
This year, I will return to last year's position and will not leave others last year.
Yong's Riverside Willow is unique:
The ancient embankment curled up and a tree smoked.
If the silk does not stop, keep the boat.
The heroine in the poem not only didn't bid farewell to the willow, but hoped that the willow would continue, so as to be a lover's boat and never part.
In addition, Bai Juyi's "Qin Lou Xi Lao Liu" outlines a picture of "the breeze immediately" with concise brushstrokes, which is also a self-portrait of the poet:
The wind blew on a half-withered branch and immediately looked at the old man affectionately.
Kaiyuan a willow, Changqing two years in the spring.
And Tang's poem "weeping willows" has another meaning:
No feelings for the spring breeze, who dares to underestimate the enemy in the world?
The king of Chu planted seeds on the river bank for no reason, and he was so hungry that he lost his waist.
This poem not only depicts graceful weeping willows, but also relates to the story of King Chu Ling's "Love a thin waist, and maids starve to death". The irony is directed at the emperor and the feudal bureaucratic group headed by him. It is a unique poem of "Chanting Willow".