In prison, Chen Ran suffered all kinds of torture, and always only admitted that the "Forward" was edited, printed and distributed by himself-he was determined to sacrifice himself and protect the organization and comrades. The spies used threats and inducements to make him write a confession. Chen Ran picked up a pen and wrote an earth-shattering poem "My Confessions". This matter was clarified many years ago, but unfortunately many people still don't know it.
1April, 948, the underground newspaper "Forward" of Chongqing Municipal Committee was cracked by the Kuomintang authorities, and party member and Chen Ran, secretary of the special branch of the underground newspaper, were arrested. 1949101On October 28th, 26-year-old Chen Ran passed away generously.
1In the late 1950s, at the climax of Memoirs of the Revolution, Luo Guangbin (arrested in party member, the underground party of the Communist Party of China,1August 948, detained in Zhazidong and Baigongguan Prison in Chongqing, and later escaped from prison) and Liu Debin (party member, the underground party of the Communist Party of China, 1948). China Youth Publishing House published the memoir Immortality in Fire in August 1948. It is written that after Chen Ran was arrested, the enemy asked him to write a confession during the trial. He "wrote something that he had not thought about many times". This book, together with memoirs such as "Give Everything to the Party" and "My Family", became a best seller and a must-read for teenagers at that time, which had a wide influence.
1959 In March, China Youth Publishing House published Poems of Revolutionary Martyrs edited by Xiao San, and My Confessions was selected as the poem left by the martyr Chen Ran.
The following year, Chongqing People's Publishing House published Prison Song, which included the poems of martyrs such as Ye Ting, Luo Shiwen and Che Yaoxian, as well as this poem.
196 1 At the end of the year, China Youth Publishing House published the novel Red Rock by Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyan, and my confession became a poem read aloud by the characters in front of the enemy. Chongqing painter Kevin·Z also provided illustrations for this plot. ...
Because of the influence of Fire Eternal Life and Red Rock, and because this poem is passionate, catchy and infectious, it has been selected as a Chinese textbook for primary and secondary schools for many years and often appears in recitals, reports, lectures and some cultural performances. People with junior high school education should be able to remember a few words of this poem.
However, this poem is not a "poem left by revolutionary martyrs".
Shortly after this poem appeared, in the early 1960s, some people became suspicious.
Can such a poem with complete conception, concise sentences, neat rhyme and strong rhythm be written "without thinking" and "at one stroke" in the enemy's torture room? Can the enemy allow Chen Ran to write this 12 line calmly from beginning to end? Hua Shui, director of the film Red Rock (later renamed "Eternal Life in Fire") filmed by Beijing Film Studio, thinks that this poem does not conform to the prescribed scene and the sentence processing traces are too heavy. Relatives of the martyr Chen Ran also raised questions: I never knew this poem existed. Is it newly discovered in the archives of the enemy and puppet troops?
Faced with these opinions, Luo Guangbin admitted that this poem was not written by Chen Ran, but was written by several of them according to Chen Ran's wishes. Therefore, when writing the novel Red Rock, Chen Ran's real name was changed to "Cheng Gang". Later, when "Eternal Life in Fire" was reprinted, this poem was deleted from the book.
But at that time, only the propaganda department of Chongqing Municipal Committee, Chongqing Federation of Literary and Art Circles and China Youth Publishing House knew the truth of this matter. Before publicly clarifying, my confession is still a poem left by revolutionary martyrs to readers.
The truth was first made public during the "Cultural Revolution". Because Luo Guangbin was kidnapped in the "Cultural Revolution" and died in a detention center. The mass organizations that kidnapped and criticized Luo Guangbin uncovered this historical case-solving in their criticism, publicly published Exposing a Big Deception-My Confession Mystery, introduced the ins and outs of this poem, and clearly pointed out that this poem was a "fake" by Luo Guangbin and others. However, because this article is a product of factional struggle, and it is a "revolutionary criticism" under the premise of labeling Luo Guangbin as a traitor and Luo Guangbin, and the creative group as "Luo Sancun" and "Luo Guangbin traitor group", the historical facts clarified in this article failed to attract attention.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, all walks of life across the country set things right and cleaned up the roots, and many old historical cases were restored to their original colors. 1984 The article "Who is the author of my confession" signed by Jun Chen was published in the No.1 1 issue of Vertical and Horizontal Magazine, which officially clarified the matter on a larger scale.
Jun Chen mentioned that 1963 novel Red Rock held a forum in Beijing before it was reprinted. When he asked Luo Guangbin if this poem was authentic and how it got out of prison, Luo Guangbin replied a paragraph along the following lines: "This question makes me very uneasy. My Confessions is not a poem left by the martyr Chen Ran, but was written by several people according to Chen Ran's intention to write poems before his death and his unyielding spirit in court, as well as Chen Ran's plan to condemn the enemy and inspire his comrades-in-arms by suicide after giving an impassioned speech to the spy. The purpose is to highlight the heroic image of martyrs. Because of the use of real names and surnames, the editor of Shi Chao mistakenly thought that the martyr's legacy was also included. " Things are very clear at this point [2]. However, until1mid-1990s, this poem was still selected as the legacy of Chen Ran's martyrs in the Chinese textbook of junior high school in nine-year compulsory education, which shows that the spread of fallacies and heresies has far-reaching influence. Moreover, the circulation of Vertical and Horizontal magazine is up to 10,000 copies, while the Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools are 100,000 copies!
How weak the voice of clarifying historical facts is by comparison.
Hu Yuan, an old writer who now lives in Chengdu, provided the author with a memoir written by him, in which he talked about the collective creation of this "martyr poem" by Luo Guangbin and others. From 65438 to 0956, Hu Yuan experienced life in the small open hearth workshop of Chongqing Iron and Steel Corporation, while Luo Guangbin, Liu Debin and Yang Yiyan were engaged in literary and artistic creation in Nanquan, reflecting the struggle between Zhazidong and Baigongguan. Hu Yuan often visited them in Nanquan and had an argument about whether their works were reportage or novels. Once when he went, he read My Confessions, and Hu Yuan recalled: "I said yes, praised it, and was verve. Yang Benquan (Yang Yiyan's brother) said, "You are the first reader, so don't just say yes, but make suggestions. When I said I had to express my opinion, I meant that the last sentence should be shortened. If it is too long, the rhythm will be loose and the intensity will be weakened. Several people said that they all felt this way. My view is objective, which proves that their feelings are right. We should try to shorten them. I asked who wrote it. Yang Benquan let me guess. Luo Guangbin, I guess. Luo Guangbin smiled and shook his head. I guess it's Liu Debin again. Liu Debin shook his head. I said to Yang Benquan,' You wrote that. Yang Benquan stretched out his hands and gestured a few times:' Everyone wrote, everyone wrote. Then I asked a question: I don't know if it is inappropriate for such a generation of martyrs to write a poem ... Luo Guangbin also explained that because he found that Chen Ran wanted to write such a poem but never had time to write it, and Chen Ran had enough talent to write a good poem, he decided to write this poem for him. I just don't know if it's appropriate. I said that it was inappropriate for the author to write poems and words on behalf of the characters in the novel. Who knows later, this poem appeared in reportage for the first time ... "Here, by the way, another ode to the soul, which is almost as famous as my Confessions, has only four sentences: you are the embodiment of Zoya, you are the spirit of Sophia, no, you are you, you are a typical example of China's children's revolution!
This poem and its background were also written by Luo Guangbin and others' memoir "Eternal Life in Fire" and novel "Red Rock". It is said that Jiang Jie was tortured and indomitable in prison, and her friends wrote letters and poems to express their condolences to her. This is the most famous poem in condolence. Naturally, this poem was also included in "Copy of Poems of Revolutionary Martyrs" and "Prison Songs". While watching the performance, Zhou Enlai heard a Quyi program sing this poem praising Jiang Jie. He also suggested that "Sophia" (Russian nihilist) should not be used to describe the producers of * * *. It can be seen that this poem has far-reaching influence.
It is true that this poem was written by a cellmate in Zhazidong, but it was not written for Jiang Jie.
The historical truth is that on the New Year's Eve of 1949, Li Wenxiang, secretary of the Chongqing Urban District Party Committee, who had been detained in Baigongguan Prison for eight months and performed well at first, could not stand the test of life in a black prison and decided to surrender himself to the authorities despite the advice of his friends. His wife, who was arrested at the same time, was held in Zhazidong Women's Prison. She was shocked to hear the news of her husband's betrayal. When party member, who was betrayed by Li, entered the Zhazidong, and it was confirmed, she decided to make a clean break with the traitor, not letting her husband take her out of the prison, and would rather go to jail with everyone. She also wrote an open letter to the prisoners in the men's prison to show her heart. This made friends deeply moved and expressed their condolences and encouragement to her. This poem is one of her condolences. The true background of this poem is recorded in section 5 of I'm from a concentration camp, which was serialized in the 4th edition of the National Gazette on February 9th, 949/kloc-0. The author of this poem is Yang Yiyan.
2. Original text
The heavy chain was ringing at his feet,
You can hold the whip high,
I don't need any confession,
Even if the chest is facing the bloody bayonet!
People can't lower their noble heads,
Only those who are afraid of death beg for "freedom";
What is torture?
Death can't make me talk!
I laugh at death,
The devil's palace swayed in laughter;
This is me, a "confession" made in party member.
Sing the song of triumph and bury the Chiang dynasty!
Step 3 enjoy
This is a * * * party member's confession, which expresses his hatred of the Kuomintang reactionaries and contempt for shameless traitors with integrity and honesty, and shows the revolutionary's heroic spirit of dying.