Aesthetics is a discipline that specializes in beauty, and aesthetics is a branch of philosophy.
Philosophical definition of beauty: beauty is an integral part of concrete things, and it is a special expression, positive significance and positive value of concrete environment, phenomena, things, behaviors and objects for human survival and development. It is a relatively abstract thing or a meta-entity different from ugliness, which is decomposed and refined from concrete things after people are in close contact with and influenced by them.
Beauty is an integral part of concrete things. Without concrete things, beauty cannot exist alone. Tao Te Ching said: "Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beauty and evil; Everyone knows that good is good and bad is bad. "
2. Seek ancient Chinese, classical Chinese and famous sayings related to beauty. 1. "Five-color blindness":
Laozi said that "five colors make people blind" and "five tones make people deaf", mainly based on his simple dialectical theory, and generally discussed the "five colors" and "five tones" as the objects of artistic beauty appreciation. If it becomes excessive sensory enjoyment and unrestrained satisfaction, it will lose the original intention of appreciating artistic beauty, and even lose its aesthetic value, which will become a spiritual burden and aesthetic "disaster" that is counterproductive and harmful to body and mind.
Laozi's aesthetic view is directly related to the "Tao" theory in his philosophical view and the "inaction" thought in his political view. In his view, all the beauty of "taking literary talent and carrying a sword" (Chapter 53), like all promising things, can only be harmful. The so-called "five-color blindness, five-tone deafness, five-taste refreshing, galloping wild hunting madness" (Chapter 12) means that the beauty of "promising" will inevitably damage human nature. In Laozi's view, the real beauty lies not in external things such as debauchery and wealth, but in nature itself, which can only be reflected in the way of "simplicity and selfishness" (Chapter 19). This kind of beauty is manifested in the fact that "the elephant is invisible" (Chapter 4 1). In other words, the most perfect music is heard from the place where there is no sound, and the most beautiful image appears from the place where there is no image; Once there is a specific sound and image, it destroys the perfection of nature. This is the beauty of Tao. These viewpoints of Laozi touch the field of aesthetics, revealing the aesthetic experience that transcends pure artistic perception in aesthetic activities, opening the precedent for China ancient aesthetics to pursue "nature", "true beauty", "implication" and "beauty of all sounds", and laying the foundation for Taoist aesthetics to confront Confucian aesthetics.
Second, "happiness comes from the heart":
"Yue Ji" has an incisive exposition on the essence of music, affirming that music is the art of expressing emotions, and holds that:
"Every sound, born by the heart. People's hearts are moving and things are doing their best. "
"Anyone who speaks has a heart and a heart, so the sound is shaped: the sound is written, which is called the sound."
Xunzi has a book "On Music", which can prove it.
Each of the above can be seen as a system, and the following are some loose sentences:
1, see the dance "Da Wu", saying,' Beautiful! So is Zhou Zhisheng, if that's the case! "Historical Records Wu Taibo Family" "
2. Beauty is sweet. -"Shuo Wen"
3. Mei takes pleasure as beauty, but straightness leads to no posture. -Gong Zizhen's "Sick Plum Pavilion"
4. The son's name is Shao: "Beautiful and good." "It is called Wu:' It is perfect, but it is not perfect.' The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu
5. Zhong Rong's poems also systematically discuss beauty from the perspective of poetry. He opposes artificial temperament, advocates natural temperament and maintains the natural beauty of poetry. Its "natural English purport" refers to the exquisiteness of nature, that is, true beauty.
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The beauty of human beings is an important manifestation of beauty, which cannot be ignored.
There are many kinds of plants and flowers on the water and the ground, which are worth cherishing. Tao Yuanming only loved chrysanthemums in Jin Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, people all over the world like peony very much. I only love the lotus, which grows out of the sludge but is not polluted. It was washed in clean water, but it didn't look attractive. Its stem passes through the middle, its shape is straight, its branches do not rise, and its fragrance spreads far and wide. Peony is a rich person in flowers; Lotus is a gentleman among flowers. Alas! People who love chrysanthemums have rarely heard of them since Tao Yuanming. People who like lotus, like me, who else? As for people who love peony, the number is of course large! "Shuo" is an ancient style, which often expresses one's ambition by describing things. Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" is a rare masterpiece in this style. Lotus viewing is the object of admiration in literati's works throughout the ages, but most people marvel at its beautiful posture, plain appearance and all-round shaping. However, this excellent essay is unique. Through the description of the image and quality of the lotus, the faithful character of the lotus is praised, thus showing the author's noble personality and generous mind. From the content, this paper can be clearly divided into two parts: the first part tries to describe the noble image of hibiscus; The second part reveals the metaphorical meaning of lotus, evaluates three flowers and expresses the author's deep sigh for the situation of lotus itself. In the first part of the article, it is written that the beauty of lotus lies in its "net" character. First of all, it is written that the lotus is in the mud, but it is spotless, not secular, pure and self-loving. Secondly, it is "straight outside and straight inside, not loose", which shows its noble quality of being connected inside and outside, straight outside and inward, consistent outside and inward, and not involved in clinging; Once again, "you can watch from a distance, don't play with it", and write that Lotus is like a proud gentleman and will never be despised by ordinary people. Everything mentioned above is actually a portrayal of the author's personality and a self-evident mind, which we can prove from the second part of the article. As the author said, "Who is the love of the lotus?" The subtext is that there are too few people as pure as lotus flowers. In writing, Ailian's story has the same characteristics as the style of "saying", that is, she expresses her will by pleading. Starting with "getting rid of mud and not getting stained", the article describes the bearing and style of Lotus with strong colors, which sustains the author's affirmation and pursuit of ideal personality, and also reflects the author's contempt for wealth. Comparing the seclusion of chrysanthemum, the wealth of peony and the nobleness of lotus, one of the themes of "love lotus" has been deepened. It is not empty preaching, but through the comparison of the three images, it has played a prominent role in highlighting the center and deepening the conception. Moreover, the word "love" runs through the whole article, which makes the article structure rigorous. At the end of the article, the author laments that there are very few real hermits. There are many vulgar people who are greedy for money and thought-provoking. This poem is also very distinctive in language, that is, it is beautiful and concise, and it is really as beautiful as a lotus-"no branches and no vines". There is no superfluous and useless language, and its key point is "not stained with mud, pure lotus is not demon", which is the central theme of the full text. Ancient people generally used things to express their feelings. It also has a second meaning, expressing your feelings. Metaphorically, the author himself has the noble character of "emerging from mud without dyeing, emerging from hibiscus without dying". In fact, what he means is that it is as difficult to maintain his noble character in officialdom as it is for a lotus flower to emerge from the mud and not die. This is also a summary of his experience as an official, because he doesn't want to go with the flow. Therefore, it is valuable to be alone in flowers. This is also the author's sigh, because he can't be alone in the big environment, except to escape from it, or to protect his dedication like him. There is a deep atmosphere at the beginning of Zhou Dunyi's Ailian, which not only points out that Ailian is just one of the "extraordinary" people. This laid a logical foreshadowing for his following "Love Lotus Alone". In this way, all his works are extraordinary and eye-catching. Next, Zhou Dunyi didn't dwell on the outrageous, but just narrowed down the scene directly. The sentence "Tao Jinyuan loves chrysanthemums alone" makes the meaning of this question clearer. Tao Yuanming can express his feelings by loving chrysanthemums. Why don't I? The next sentence, "Since Li Tang came, the world loves peony very much", which seems to be repetitive, but it is actually profound. Moreover, this sentence makes the sense of contrast stronger, paving the way for Zhou Dunyi to seek the nobility of lotus. Zhou Dunyi's love for lotus flowers is different from Jin's love for chrysanthemums. In order to keep a noble life, he would rather die in Nanshan. He wants to be a gentleman who emerges from the mud and does not dye. It is essentially different from the herd mentality that everyone envies wealth (peony), which lays the best foundation for the expression of Ailian Theory. The next sentence, Zhou Dunyi, goes directly to the theme "Love lotus is not stained with mud, clear lotus is not evil, and it is straight from the outside but not ridiculous", and writes the language of lotus, Love lotus. In fact, every word and sentence is based on the appearance of lotus, which is really amazing. It can be said that readers have no chance to breathe. The language is extraordinary, but the aftertaste is meaningful, the more delicious it is. At the end of the article, Zhou Dunyi first used flowers as a metaphor to make the characteristics of flowers compare with people. Although plain, the metaphor is to the point, which makes people have a different taste. "Peony, this flower is really rich.
I once asked my mother if she was sad after entertainment. So he offered to open a large supermarket in the city with my mother, but she didn't go, and then I was born. But they divorced when I was a senior in high school. As I hoped, my mother met the other half of her personality. Then, my mother taught me a lot, and contentment is the best. Finally, but only a few people can be satisfied. The most beneficial value I learned from my mother is contentment. Now she has a good life and sends me something from time to time, not only postcards from all over the world, but also dried fruits made by herself. But she said no, everyone has their own way. She likes the feeling now. My uncle is married. When my mother was a child, her family was very poor. She dropped out of school after graduating from high school. She and my uncle opened a grocery store in the town. Usually, my mother looks after the store, and my uncle rides a horse to sell things from door to door. At that time, my mother was only 17 years old because her family couldn't afford to go to high school. Later, and the grocery store also made a lot of money. I am very grateful to her for keeping me calm in the face of gains and losses.
. Because she thinks this is enough. My mother and my father met 2 1 years ago, but I think the most helpful thing is to be content. The temptation of this world is great.
5. How to praise the beauty of others in ancient Chinese? 1 How to say, from a distance, if the sun rises in the morning; If you are forced to check it, it will burn like a wave. If you are amazing, if you are graceful, if you are Youlong, if you are glory Qiu Ju, if you are Hua Mao Song Chun.
-From Cao Zhi's Ode to Luoshen. It means: from a distance, it is as bright and radiant as the rising sun; Look carefully, it is as beautiful as the lotus in the waves. It is as elegant as a flying swan and as elegant as Youlong. As bright as chrysanthemums in autumn and as full as pine trees in spring breeze.
2, beauty covers the present, lotus is ashamed.
-Excerpted from Li Bai's Poems of Xi. The charm of her (stone) has been circulating in the past and present, and the lotus will be shy when she sees her.
3, its beginning is also brilliant, if the dawn shines on the top beam; It is also relatively low-level, and the moon is bright.
-From Song Yu's Goddess Fu. When she first appeared, she was as bright as the rising sun, illuminating the beams of the roof. When she walked in, it was as bright as the bright moon.
If you care about the city and then the country, you would rather not know the whole city and country, and beauty is rare.
-from the book of songs. It means: northern beauty chinese odyssey. As soon as I turned around, the whole city was amazed at her beauty. As soon as I turned around, the whole country was fascinated by her beauty. Although many of these beautiful women will bring disasters to the country and people, don't lose the opportunity to get beautiful women-after all, beautiful women are once in a blue moon.
If she just turns her head and smiles, there are a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappear without a trace.
-From Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow. It means: Yang Guifei looks back and smiles, charming and moving; All the concubines in the Sixth Palace are eclipsed.
Extended data:
1 Ode to Luoshen is a famous ci by Cao Zhi, a writer of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Zhi imitated the description of Wushan Goddess in Song Yu's Goddess Fu in the Warring States Period and told the story of his meeting with Luoshen on the bank of Luoshui River. He used the Song Fu for reference in story plot and character description.
2. This poem fictionalizes the author's own meeting with Luo Shen and their yearning and admiration for each other. The image of Luo Shen is absolutely beautiful, and the love between man and god is vague, but it can't be combined because of the difference between man and god, and finally expresses infinite sadness and helplessness.
3. The whole article can be divided into six paragraphs:
In the first paragraph, when the writer returned to the fief from Luoyang, he saw "beauty" Fu Fei standing on the cliff;
The second paragraph is about the beauty of Fu Fei's clothing.
In the third paragraph, the author loves Luo Shen very much. She knows manners and is good at words. Although the author has expressed her true feelings and gave her a token, she is worried about being cheated and loves her very much.
In the fourth paragraph, I wrote about the situation after Luo Shen felt sincere about the "king";
The fifth paragraph is the meaning of the whole article;
In the sixth paragraph, the author wrote goodbye and missed Luo Shen. All the poems are colorful, delicate in description, rich in imagination, full of emotions, and full of sustenance.
4. Luo Shen, also known as the goddess in ancient myths and legends in China, is the daughter of Fu. She was infatuated with the beautiful scenery on both sides of the Luohe River and came to Luoyang. Cao Zhi's Ode to Luoshen is a famous work describing her in past dynasties (whether it is described through her is controversial). There are 3 1 1 pieces of Xiao Kuang and 32 legends of Shu Lei in Tai Ping Guang Ji, which describe the love affair between Xiao Kuang and Luo Shen.