Category: Art >> Poems and Songs
Problem description:
Who knows this poem?~Sasa!~
Analysis:
Moved from left to Languan to show his nephew Xiang
Han Yu
A letter was sent to Jiuchongtian in the morning, and he was demoted to 8,000 people on Chaozhou Road in the evening.
If you want to eliminate evil things for the sage, you are willing to cherish your old age!
Where is the Yun Hengzuoling family? The snow embraces the blue and the horse stops moving forward.
I know you came from afar with purpose, so that you can take me back to the riverside of Gumiasma.
Throughout his life, Han Yu took the restoration of Buddha as his own mission. In his later years, he wrote "On the Table of Buddha's Bones" and strongly admonished Xianzong to "welcome the Buddha's Bones to the People's Congress", which violated the "wrath of the Lord" and was almost sentenced to death. After Pei Du and others interceded, he was demoted from the Minister of Justice to the governor of Chaozhou.
Chaozhou is located in the eastern part of today's Guangdong, indeed eight thousand miles away from Chang'an, the capital at that time. The difficulties on the road can be imagined. When Han Yu arrived in Lantian County, not far from the capital, his grandnephew Han Xiang came to accompany him. At this time, Han Yu felt like crying and wrote this famous poem impassionedly.
The first couplet directly writes the reasons why he was convicted and demoted. He proudly said that this "sin" was brought on by himself. Because of the crime of "a letter", his fate was to be "reported in the morning" and "demoted in the evening". And once he was demoted, he would be eight thousand miles away. However, in line with the spirit of "the Buddha is like a spirit, capable of causing misfortune, and if anyone is to blame for a disaster, it is appropriate for him to be punished" ("On the Bones of the Buddha"), he has no regrets even if he is severely punished.
In three or four sentences, he directly wrote "eliminate the evil things", thinking that he was right, and expressing his indignation that he was convicted for his loyalty and was relegated for no crime. He was really courageous. Even though he caused a catastrophic disaster, he was still "willing to cherish his old age" and became stronger as he got older, making people feel his upright attitude.
The five or six sentences are lyrical based on the scene, and the mood is sad and strong. Han Yu wrote in a poem about a crying girl: "I was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou for a crime and took a post to go to my post. Later, my family was also condemned and my daughter died. She was buried at the foot of the mountain next to Feng Post." It can be seen that he went ahead in a hurry to say goodbye that day. What was your wife's mood like when she was a child? Han Yu paid a heavy price for the above table. The words "Where is home?" contain his blood and tears.
These two sentences look back and look forward. "Qinling" refers to Zhongnan Mountain. The clouds are everywhere and neither home nor Chang'an can be seen: "The floating clouds can always block the sun, and the absence of Chang'an makes people sad" (Li Bai's poem). What's more, the emperor is above the "nine levels", how can he be sympathizing with his subordinates? At this time, he was not only thinking about his family, but also about national affairs. "The horse cannot advance" is used in ancient Yuefu: "Driving the horse through Yinshan Mountain, the mountain is high and the horse cannot advance". He immediately passed the pass, facing the heavy snow and cold weather, thinking of the difficulties and dangers ahead. The three words "the horse stops moving forward" reveal the hero's sadness at losing his way.
The conclusion is sad and steady. "Zuo Zhuan." "The Thirty-Two Years of Duke Xi" records that when the old minister Jian Shu cried for his master, he said: "I will die in this period, and I will collect your bones." Han Yu used this meaning to calmly explain the funeral affairs to his nephew and grandson. The meaning is closely linked to the fourth sentence, and further He expressed his sorrowful and unspeakable anger.
From an ideological point of view, this poem and "On the Bones of Buddha", one poem and one article, can be called two gems, which can well express the progressive side of Han Yu's thought.
From an artistic point of view, this poem is a masterpiece among the seven verses of Korean poetry. Its characteristics are "depressed and frustrated" as described by He Zhuo, and its style is similar to that of Du Fu. The melancholy refers to the majestic style and the deep depression of emotions, while the frustration refers to the mastery of his technique: the strokes are vertical and horizontal, and the opening and closing are turbulent. Such as "Chaozou", "Xiban", "Nine Heavens", "Eight Thousand Roads", etc., which are in sharp contrast and highly summarized. As soon as it comes up, it has the potential to build a strategic position. The third and fourth sentences use "Liu Shui Dui", and the fourteen characters form a whole, closely following the above, giving people a sense of unity. Five or six sentences are separated by one stroke, describing the scene and expressing emotion, "clouds are everywhere and snow is embracing", and the realm is majestic. "Horizontal" means breadth, and "support" means height. Both characters are written very powerfully. Therefore, the whole poem is majestic, rolling up huge waves in a square inch, and can produce the power to shake people's hearts.
Although this poem follows Du Fu, it can change and become its own, showing Han Yu's characteristic of using text as poetry. Rhymed poetry has strict metrical requirements, but this poem can still be written in the "article method", and it is used well. Fortunately, although it has the characteristics of "literary", such as the method of direct narration, the use of function words ("desire to do", "willing to", etc.), it also has the characteristics of poetry, which is reflected in the shaping of images. (especially the fifth and sixth couplets, which contain the poet's own image in the desolate scenery) and the expression of deep and profound feelings. The whole poem integrates narrative, scene description and lyricism into one, with rich poetic flavor and full of poetic flavor.