#Meet Good Books# Karl Lovitt's "Nietzsche"
Nietzsche's works are divided into three different periods.
The first period was from 1870 to 1876. At this time, he was deeply influenced by the famous German musician Richard Wagner (1813-1883), especially the philosopher Schopenhauer. As a young friend who admired R. Wagner, he believed in the renewal of German culture. The works of this period mainly include "The Birth of Tragedy" and "Untimely Meditations".
The second period was from 1877 to 1882, when he was influenced by positivism. At this stage, as a liberated suffering spirit, he believes in nothing in order to find his own way. The main works at this stage are the articles about "Pflugschar": "Human, Too Human", "Morning Glow" and the first four volumes of "The Science of Joy". ?
The third period was from 1883 to 1889, when he tried to create his own philosophy. His major works include "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" (4 volumes, 1883-1891, also translated as "Suluchi Sayings"), "Beyond Good and Evil" (1886), "The Genealogy of Morality" (1887), " "Twilight of the Idols" (1888), "Behold the Man" (1888). The latter is his autobiographical work.
Nietzsche once planned to write a book that would be a concluding exposition of his philosophy. The title of the book was changed several times and was finally decided as "The Will to Power: On the Revaluation of All Values", but it was not completed after his death. Compiled and published by his sister.
To understand Nietzsche, you first need to understand the background of his times:
Nietzsche’s philosophy was formed in the 1870s and 1980s, when the inherent contradictions of Western societies began to be exposed. The sacred rational order and moral concepts are full of shortcomings and are increasingly in sharp conflict with reality. It is the need of the times to re-evaluate everything in the past and point out a new path for future development. Although this need has begun to appear in Schopenhauer's time, it is not yet very clear. Many people are still addicted to rationalist systems.
In Nietzsche's time, things had changed a lot. Many social ideals and values ??are in urgent need of re-evaluation, Schopenhauer's irrationalism has been applauded, and Western culture is undergoing the largest historical transition since the Renaissance. Nietzsche noticed this shift with his keen eye.
He clearly pointed out that the characteristics of the 19th century were the depravity and nihilism of people's spiritual life, which caused people to lose their belief in their own vitality, caused people to be imprisoned in the power of aliens, and made people Numbness, weakness. He believed that all this was a fault of metaphysics, and thus he raised the banner of violent criticism against it more firmly.
Several key words or conclusions of Nietzsche’s philosophy: revaluation of all values, Dionysian spirit, master morality and slave morality, will to power, theory of eternal recurrence, superman philosophy, and the death of God.
@三惠书