1. What are the eight major rhetorical techniques in classical Chinese?
1) Metaphors in classical Chinese are the same as metaphors in modern Chinese. They have noumenon, metaphors, and metaphorical words. Of course, some only Metaphors appear, and some have no metaphorical words.
Example 1 Nowadays, people are just knives and I am fish and meat, so why should I say that? ("Historical Records of Xiang Yu") Translation: Nowadays, people are like knives and chopping boards in the kitchen, and we are like fish and meat on the chopping board. In such an urgent situation, why should we say goodbye to others? Example 2 A cicada sloughed off from the filthy mud. ("Historical Records - Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng") Translation: Keep yourself away from the muddy water automatically, and get rid of the dirty environment like a cicada shedding its shell.
Example 1 uses "daozu" and "鱼肉" as metaphors for each other and oneself, vividly depicting two contrasting different statuses and critical situations. Example 2 uses "mud" and "turbidity (environment)" to describe the forces of evil, and "cicada" to describe one's own purity. The metaphor is a concrete image, and the sentence is easy to understand. Qu Yuan's surrounding environment and his attitude towards life are used in the metaphorical sentence. There was a clear explanation.
(2) Exaggeration Exaggeration mainly uses figurative language to artistically exaggerate or reduce the things being described, giving people a stronger feeling, thereby enhancing the expressiveness and appeal of the sentence. Example 1: Everyone is destined to die. It may be as important as Mount Tai, or it may be lighter than a feather.
Translation: People are bound to die. Some people die heavier than Mount Tai, and some people die lighter than a feather. Example 2 Qin had spare power to control its disadvantages, and chased the enemy northward, laying down millions of corpses, bleeding and floating in the oars.
Translation: The Qin State had the remaining energy to take advantage of the enemy's difficulties to subdue them, chase the defeated soldiers who escaped on the battlefield, and kill the enemy with countless corpses. Rivers of blood can float shields. Example 1 uses "Taishan" and "Hongmao" to compare the importance, exaggerating and reducing the value of checkmate. The exaggeration and reduction show the author's clear attitude of love and hate and clear value orientation.
Example 2 uses "millions" of "corpses" and rivers of blood that can float shields to describe the cruelty of war. The exaggerated description depicts the strength and cruelty of Qin and the weakness of other countries. and failed miserably. (3) Metonymy: Rhetorical methods such as using the characteristics or signs of the entity to replace the entity; using the belonging or location of the entity to replace the entity; using the whole thing to replace the ontology that belongs to the part, or using the part to replace the whole, etc. are all metonymy.
The main purpose of metonymy is to give people a concrete and perceptible image and trigger readers' image thinking. Example 1 I am willing to travel thousands of miles to send my son back to his hometown.
("Mulan Poetry") Translation: I hope to be able to ride a thousand-mile horse and drive me back to my hometown as fast as possible. Example 2 The green mountains on both sides of the strait stand out from each other, and a solitary sail comes from the sun.
(Li Bai's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain") Translation: The green mountains on both sides of the Taiwan Strait appear opposite each other in front of our eyes, and a piece of white sail flies swiftly towards the red sun. In Example 1, "thousand-mile foot" replaces thousand-mile horse, which is a part replacing the whole.
The "lone sail" in Example 2 replaces the boat with a white sail, which is a part replacing the whole. (4) Analogy Analogy is the collective term for personification and imitation of things. It is a rhetorical method that imitates people as objects or objects as people.
This rhetorical method sometimes gives things human dialogue or language, and sometimes gives things action or form, which increases the artistry of the article. Example 10 Since Hu Ma peeked into the river, the trees in the pond were abandoned, and the soldiers were still tired of talking about it.
(Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow") Translation: Since the Jin soldiers invaded the south, even the abandoned swamps and ancient trees have expressed their disgust at war. Example 11: The tame bird is nostalgic for the old forest, and the pond fish is thinking about the old abyss.
(Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden and Field") Translation: The bird in the cage misses the woods of the past, and the fish in the pond misses the deep pool of the past. Example 12 The male rabbit's feet are loose and the female rabbit's eyes are blurry. Two rabbits are walking next to each other. How can they tell whether I am male or female? ("Yuefu Poems - Mulan Poems") Translation: The male rabbit's feet are fluffy, the female rabbit's eyes are narrowed into slits, two rabbits are running side by side, how can you tell whether I am a female or a male? In Example 10, "The abandoned pond and the trees are still disgusting with the words "war" describes objects as people. The author uses the word "disgusted" in "the abandoned pond and the trees" to express his hatred of war vividly.
Example 11's "Love of Birds" and "Thinking of Fish in Ponds" also describe objects as people. "Love" and "Thinking" are a yearning for freedom. The author uses the human nature of animals. It is this emotion that is expressed in ideological language. Example 12 "Can you tell me whether I am a male or a female?" is written by treating people as objects. Animals only talk about male and female. When asking "Can you tell me whether I am a male or a female", it is obvious that the protagonist is using humorous language to explain that it is difficult to tell the difference between a woman disguised as a man. of.
(5) Ask questions. If you have questions, ask them. If you have questions, answer them. If you have questions and answers, ask questions. Questions can be divided into two categories: one is to ask questions and answer them yourself, and the other is to ask negative questions and answer them positively.
Example 13 However, the Qin Dynasty was a mere place... One man was in trouble and seven temples died, and he died at the hands of others. How could he make the world laugh? If benevolence and righteousness are not applied, the offensive and defensive momentum will be different.
(Jia Yi's "On Passing the Qin") Translation: However, the Qin State, with its small territory of Yongzhou... could not withstand Chen She's wave of arms and destroyed the country and people, and was ridiculed by future generations. Why is this? It is because of the lack of benevolence and righteousness that the offense and defense have completely changed.
Example 14: The husband beats the urn and knocks on the fou, and plays the zither and beats the pelvis... Now he abandons the urn and knocks on the fou and goes to Zheng and Wei, and withdraws the zither and goes to Shao and Yu. What if that's the case? The present pleasure is just a matter of observation. (Li Si's "Book of Remonstrance and Expulsion") Translation: Beat the earthen pots, knock the earthenware fou, play the Qin Zheng, clap your thighs and beat the time... Nowadays, people don't listen to knocking the earthen pots and knocking the earthenware fou, but appreciate the music of Zheng Guo and Wei In Chinese music, instead of playing Qin Zheng, we choose "Shao" music. Why is this? Just to sound happy and look comfortable.
Example 15 Woohoo, the principle of rise and fall, although it is called destiny, isn’t it just a matter of human affairs? The reason why Yuanzhuang Zhou gained the world is better than the reason why he lost it. (Ouyang Xiu's "Preface to the Biography of Lingguan") Translation: Ah! Although it is always emphasized that the rise and fall of a country is God's will, isn't it actually determined by the policies and measures of the ruling class? Tracing back to the process of how Zhuangzong established his rule in the Later Tang Dynasty and how it suffered defeat is enough to illustrate this truth.
Example 13 is a self-posed question and an answer, intended to attract the reader's attention and to emphasize the conclusion that "if benevolence and righteousness are not applied, the offensive and defensive forces will be different." Example 14 also asks and answers the question by itself. The results are explained first, and the reasons are explained later, giving people a feeling of sudden enlightenment.
Example 15 uses negative questions to stimulate positive answers, and the answer to the question is yes. This kind of question is a bit like a rhetorical question in modern Chinese, and no answer is required. 2. What are the eight major literary styles in ancient times?
The eight major literary styles in ancient times are: table, explanation, record, inscription, preface, argument, biography, and edict
1. Table
(Argumentative essay) A type of memorial.
Table, an ancient style of writing to the emperor. The submissions written by courtiers to the monarch in ancient China had various names. During the Warring States period, they were collectively referred to as "books", such as Li Si's "Book of Remonstrances and Guests". By the Han Dynasty, this type of writing was divided into four subcategories: Zhang, Zou, Biao and Yi. In addition, there is also a kind of article that specializes in discussing government affairs, also known as "table". The basic characteristic of "expression" is "moving with emotion".
2. Talk
(argumentation) is an ancient argumentative style of writing. Most of them express the author’s feelings about one thing, one object or one phenomenon. The writing method is informal. The style of writing advocates freedom and liveliness, with ups and downs, and the length is generally not long, which is quite similar to modern essays.
3. Notes
(Narrative) Miscellaneous notes.
Including:
Miscellaneous notes on mountains, rivers, scenery, and personnel. Describing mountains, rivers, scenery and personnel.
Notes. Mainly chronicles, it is characterized by its short length and length of about a thousand words; it is rich in content, including historical anecdotes, relics, literary essays, short essays on characters, scientific novels, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes, etc.
4. Inscriptions
(praising merits and describing narratives) are used to describe merits and deeds or to warn and exhort. The words are concise and rhymed, and the reading is sonorous and powerful. The system is short, and the shortest one is less than a cross. , quite similar to the motto.
Inscriptions were originally words engraved on utensils and tablets in ancient times. They later developed into a literary style, words used to record facts and merits, to describe public records, and sometimes to warn oneself or describe merits. style.
5. Preface
(Narrative) Preface. In ancient times, each farewell was preceded by a poem or prose, which is called a preface.
The preface (narration) is a general preface, placed at the front of the book; the postscript is placed at the back of the book, that is, the preface.
The preface of ancient times is placed at the end. Some people think that the chapter "Zhuangzi: The World" is the preface to "Zhuangzi". As for the chapters of "Huainanzi: Synopsis", "Lunheng: Autobiography", "Historical Records: Taishi Gong's Preface", "Hanshu: Xu Zhuan", etc., it is even more obvious that they are all prefaces, and they are all at the back of the book. The preface to "Shuowen Jiezi" is also at the back. Later, in books such as Xiao Tong's "Selected Works", the preface was moved to the front.
6. Debate
"Debating" means to argue between right and wrong, distinguishing between true and false. The characteristic of this style is to refute a wrong argument or analyze certain facts.
Argumentative essays are argumentative essays, including philosophical essays, political essays, historical essays, literary essays, etc. The books of pre-Qin scholars can generally be regarded as collections of essays (usually focusing on politics). Among the single papers, Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin" is the earliest.
Discussing or debating means expressing one's own opinions and clarifying a truth (argument); or distinguishing the right and wrong of things and refuting other people's opinions (bian). For example, "Huainanzi" is a discussion, while "Lunheng" is a discussion; "Guo Qinlun" is a discussion, while "Lun Heng" is a discussion.
7. Biography
(Narrative) An article describing a personal life story. Generally speaking, they mostly describe the life and deeds of deceased figures who were more influential and outstanding in history. Use narrative, description and other techniques to show the life style of the characters. This style of writing is used throughout history books.
8. Imperial edict
Imperial edicts are letters written by the emperor to his ministers.
Imperial edicts and memorials were originally letters, but because the supreme ruler in the feudal era was considered different from ordinary people, letters from ministers to the emperor were called memorials, and letters from the emperor to his ministers were called imperial edicts.
Sogou Encyclopedia - Ancient Style 3. What are classical Chinese texts
5. Childlike Interest (Shen Fu)
Unit 2
10 , Ten pieces of "The Analects"
Unit 3
15. Five ancient poems
Viewing the Canghai (Cao Cao)
Cibei At the foot of Gushan Mountain (Wangwan)
Spring Tour of Qiantang Lake (Bai Juyi)
Moon on the Xijiang River (Xin Qiji)
Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts (Ma Zhiyuan)
Unit 4
20. *shanshi (Pu Songling)
Unit 5
25. Two articles from "Shishuoxinyu"
Yong Snow
Chen Taiqiu and Youqi
Unit 6
30. *Four Fables
Sophon suspects his neighbor
A blessing in disguise
The complete collection of classical Chinese translations in the second volume of the seventh grade edition of the People's Education Press
Unit 1
5. Shang Zhong Yong (Wang Anshi)
Unit 2
10. Mulan Poems
Unit 3
15. *Sun Quan’s advice to study "Zi" "Zhi Tongjian"
Unit 4
20. Ventriloquism (Lin Sihuan)
Unit 5
25. Two short essays< /p>
Kuafu Zhuri's "The Classic of Mountains and Seas"
Two children debate "Liezi"
Unit 6
30. *Wolf (Pu Song) age) 4. Sort out the seven categories of classical Chinese writings of the Oil Seller
1. 2. Classical Chinese content words + function words.
(1) Good at shooting: good at, good at. (2) Self-praise: boast. Pretentious, boastful. (3) Taste: once. (4) Home garden: This refers to the home archery venue. (5) Release: release. (6) Look: Look sideways, describing an indifferent look. (7) Dan slightly nods: Dan, only; chin, nod. (8) Zhishe: understand. (9) Angry: Angry look. (10) Er'an dares to underestimate me: An, why; lightly, look down upon, despise. (11) Xu used a ladle to drain the oil: Xu, slowly, slowly. (12) Weishou is familiar with you: Wei, only, but. (13) Laugh and send him off: send him away.
3. The word has multiple meanings.
(1) Hands are familiar with you: Er is the same as "ear", which is equivalent to "just".
Er'an dares to underestimate me: You, you.
(2) You also know how to shoot: shoot, shoot arrows.
I am not good at shooting: shooting, the ability (skill) of archery.
Er'an Daqingwu She: She, the ability (skill) of archery.
(3) The public is also proud of himself: with, relying on, relying on.
I know it based on my judgment: with, with, relying on.
Cover his mouth with money: with, use.
4. Tongjiazi
Hands are familiar with you: Er, the same as "ear".
5. Special sentence patterns
(1) Omitted sentence: Taste shooting in the home garden. (The subject Chen Yaozi is omitted)
(2) Omitted sentence: I saw that his target hit eighty-nine times out of ten, but he nodded slightly. (Omit the subject oil seller)
6. Explain the sentence in modern Chinese.
(1) The public is also proud of himself. Translation: Duke Kangsu also boasted about this.
(2) There was an oil seller who was standing there having relieved his burden. He stared at him and would not go away for a long time. Translation: An old man who bought oil put down his burden and stood aside, squinting at him shooting arrows, and did not leave for a long time.
(3) Do you also know about shooting? Isn’t my ejaculation good? Translation: Do you also know how to shoot arrows? Aren't my archery skills superb?
(4) Kang Su said angrily: "How dare you underestimate my archery ability?" Translation: Kang Su said angrily: "How dare you underestimate my archery ability?"
(5) I know it based on my judgment. Translation: I know this from my experience in pouring oil.
(6) I don’t have him either, but I am familiar with it. Translation: I don’t have any other secrets, I’m just familiar with it.
7. The use of the word "Zhi" to refer to.
(1) Tuizhi: "Zhi", a pronoun, refers to Chen Yaozi's archery.
(2) Dan Wei nodded: "Zhi" is a pronoun, referring to Chen Yaozi's "eighty-nine out of ten" shots.
(3) I know it from my own experience: "Zhi" is a pronoun that refers to the fact that archery is also practiced by hand.
(4) Xu drank the oil in a ladle and drained it: "Zhi" is a pronoun, referring to the gourd.
(5) Laugh and send him away: "Zhi" is a pronoun, referring to the oil seller. 5. How to distinguish the eight sentence patterns in classical Chinese
In fact, there are different classification methods from different angles.
For example: from the tone point of view, there are declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, affirmative sentences, and negative sentences.
If you are just taking the exam, it is recommended that you do not need to delve into it.
When we read the General Introduction to Ancient Chinese, we only talked about three types.
The tone can be seen at a glance, so I won’t say much. I think you must be confused about word order and sentence structure.
Sometimes a question asks you to judge what sentence pattern it is, but you want to say it is an inversion, right? Or object preposition?
Let’s remember it this way.
Inversion sentence: including object preposition. Adverbial postposition. Attributive postposition. This is the word order in the sentence. As long as it is these three, it is definitely an inversion.
According to the part of speech of the predicate, it can be divided into narrative sentences (verb and verb phrases as predicates) descriptive sentences (adjectives and adjective phrases as predicates) and judgment sentences (noun and noun phrases as predicates). The first two types are generally not tested.
Mainly judgment sentences. In modern Chinese, "是" is generally used as a symbol. But there is no judgment word in ancient Chinese. Therefore, nouns and nouns serve as predicates after the subject. If you can't figure out the part of speech, just remember it like this. "Zhe" and "Ye" are not judgment words, but they are generally used in judgment forms. "Not...ye." "Yes...ye" "This...ye" "is" "for" this kind of thing. But remember these are not judgmental words. Generally speaking, sentences using these words are judgmental sentences. Going too deep can be troublesome.
Passive sentences: I personally think they should be included in article analysis. Some have obvious words such as: Yu, for. Smile for the world. And some don't have signs, like making people laugh, but they don't. So this depends on the article.
Omitted sentences: 1 omit the subject. 2. Provincial object. 3. Provincial predicate verb. 4. Provincial preposition quantifier. It’s better to read the article, you can see it at a glance. Whatever piece is missing, make up for it. I'll just give examples. Provincial subject: (someone) Counterpart: @#￥#%#￥...Object: Verb: to make a strong effort, and then to decline again (drum). .
Tired. . . That's probably it. I don't know how precise it can be.
Finally, I suggest that you should not write large boxes when writing sentence patterns in the exam. To write small items, there are three word orders, and passive inversion is easier to test. 6. Complete Collection of Classical Chinese Prose for Eighth Grade
"The Story of the Peach Blossom Spring" is one of the representative works of Tao Yuanming, a scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was written in about the second year of Yongchu (421), the second year after Liu Yu regicide and usurped the throne in the Southern Dynasty.
Describes a paradise. Taking the Wuling fishermen's whereabouts in and out of the Peach Blossom Spring as clues, in chronological order, the tortuous and bizarre plots of discovering the Peach Blossom Spring, staying in the Peach Blossom Spring, leaving the Peach Blossom Spring, and finding the Peach Blossom Spring again depict a story of a self-reliant, self-sufficient world without class or exploitation. A society that is self-sufficient, peaceful and tranquil, and where everyone enjoys themselves is a sharp contrast to the dark society at that time. It is an ideal society that the author and the working people yearn for. It embodies people's pursuit and yearning, and also reflects people's Realistic dissatisfaction and resistance.
During the Jin Dynasty and Taiyuan Dynasty, people in Wuling made fishing their main occupation. They walked by the stream and forgot the distance of the road. Suddenly I came across a peach blossom forest, hundreds of steps along the bank. There were no miscellaneous trees in the middle. The grass was delicious and the fallen flowers were colorful. It was very strange for fishermen. I walked forward again, wanting to be exhausted in the forest.
When the forest/water source is gone, there is a mountain with a small opening, as if there is light. Leave the boat and enter through the mouth.
At the beginning, he was extremely narrow-minded and talented. After dozens of steps, I suddenly became enlightened.
The land is flat, the houses are like-looking, and there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, and bamboos. Streets/traffic, chickens and dogs/hearing each other.
Among them, the men and women are dressed like outsiders. Yellow hair / hanging down, and / contentedly.
When he saw the fisherman, he was shocked. He asked him where he had come from and gave him an answer. Then he wanted to return home and set up a wine shop to kill chickens for food. He heard of this person in the village. Come and inquire. Ziyun escaped the chaos of the Qin Dynasty in his ancestors and led his wife, a native of Yi, to this desperate situation. He never left, so he was separated from outsiders.
When I ask what era this is, I don’t know whether there was Han, Wei or Jin. This person/everyone/said/heard, and all/were/sighed with sadness.
The rest of the people returned to their homes and drank and ate. After stopping for a few days and resigning, one of the people there said: "It's not enough to be an outsider's way!" After getting out and getting the boat, he helped him to the road and aimed at it everywhere.
And/the county's subordinates, and/the prefect, said/so. The prefect/immediately/sent people to follow him in search of his direction/aspiration, but he became lost and could no longer find his way.
Nanyang Liu Ziji, a noble scholar, heard about it and went there happily. However, he failed to find any result and died of illness. Later/there was no one/who cared about it.
Inscription on the Humble House The mountain is not high, but it is famous if there are immortals. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual.
This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains.
There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no idle people in communication. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra.
No messy ears of silk and bamboo, no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi.
Confucius said: "What is so shameful?" Ai Lian said that the flowers of land and water are the most lovely: Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums. Since Li and Tang Dynasties, peonies have been loved by the world.
I only love the lotus that emerges from the silt but is not stained; it touches the clear ripples without being demonic; it is straight in the middle and straight to the outside; it does not creep or branch; its fragrance is clear from afar; its pavilion is pure and clear, and it can be viewed from a distance but not played with.
I said: chrysanthemum, the flower that represents seclusion; peony, the flower that represents wealth; lotus, the flower that represents the gentleman. Alas! The love of chrysanthemum is rarely heard of after Tao.
Who can share the love of lotus? The love of peony is suitable for everyone! Inscription on the Humble House (Translation) Mountains are not high, they are famous if there are immortals (living in them); water does not have to be deep, they are spiritual if there are dragons (living in). This is a simple house, but it doesn't feel simple because I (the person who lives in it) have high moral character.
The moss marks are green and grow up to the steps, and the green grass is reflected in the curtains. Those who talk and laugh with me are all knowledgeable people, and there is no one who is ignorant of knowledge in my dealings.
You can play the simple guqin and read Buddhist scriptures. There is no (noisy) music to disturb the ears, and no official documents to make the body and mind tired.
(It is like) Zhuge Liang’s thatched cottage in Nanyang, or Xuanting in Yangziyun in Western Shu. Confucius said: What is so simple? Ailian said (translation) There are many flowers of various plants and trees on the water and on the ground that are worthy of love.
Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty only liked chrysanthemums. Since the Tang Dynasty, people have loved peonies.
I only like lotus - lotus grows out of the mud, but is not contaminated by the mud; it is washed by clean water, but it does not look coquettish; (its stem) is hollow on the inside and straight on the outside, without ( The winding vines (also) have no (sideways) branches; the fragrance spreads far away, making it even more refreshing; it stands straight and clean in the water, (only) can be viewed from a distance, but cannot be played up close. I think chrysanthemum is the hermit among flowers, peony is the rich and noble among flowers, and lotus is the gentleman among flowers.
Alas! Tao Yuanming rarely heard of his hobby of chrysanthemums. Who else has the same love for lotus as me? Of course, there are many people who love peonies.
He Zhou Ji - original text There is a Qi Qiao man named Wang Shuyuan in the Ming Dynasty, who can use wood of an inch in diameter to create palaces, utensils, people, and even birds, beasts, wood and rocks, regardless of the situation, and each has its own shape. I tasted the remaining nuclear boat, and the clouds covered the red cliff.
Notes on the Nuclear Boat The boat is about eight minutes long from bow to stern and can be as high as two millimeters. The open cabin in the middle is the cabin, which is covered with a canopy. There are small windows on the side, four on each side and eight on the left.
Open the window and look out at the carved railings. If it is closed, the right side will be inscribed with "The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the water will come out," and the left side will be inscribed with "The breeze is coming slowly, and the water waves will be sluggish." The stone will be green and gritty.
There are three people sitting on the bow of the boat. The one in the middle is Dongpo, with the crown of E crown and many beards, Foyin is on the right, and Lu Zhi is on the left. Su and Huang *** read the first-hand scroll.
Dongpo held the scroll in his right hand and stroked Lu Zhi's back with his left hand. Lu Zhi held the end of the scroll in his left hand and fingered the scroll with his right hand, as if he had something to say.
Dongpo's right foot is shown, and Lu Zhi's left foot is shown, each slightly sideways, with the two knees facing each other hidden in the folds of the bottom clothes. The Buddha's seal is very similar to Maitreya's, with his breasts exposed, his head raised and his eyes raised, his expression is not that of Su and Huang.
Lie down on your right knee, right arm bent to support a boat, and put up your left knee, hang a rosary on your left arm and lean on it - you can count the beads clearly. There is a stick lying across the stern of the boat.
There is one boatman on the left and right. The person on the right has her back in a bun, with her left hand leaning on a rung, and her right hand holding her right toes, as if whistling.
The person on the left is holding a fan in his right hand and stroking the stove with his left hand. There is a pot on the stove. He looks up and looks calm, as if listening to the sound of tea. The back of the ship is slightly flat, so there is an inscription on it, which reads: "On the autumn day of Renxu, Wang Yishu of Yushan just carved it when he was far away." The outline is as thin as a mosquito's foot, the outline is clear, and its color is dark.
An article in seal script is also used to say "People from Pingshan at the beginning", which is red in color. A total of one boat, five people, eight windows, one each for the bamboo canopy, one for the 楫, one for the stove, one for the pot, one for the hand scroll, and one for the rosary. The couplets, titles, and seal scripts are all the words ***thirty-four.
It is considered that its length was not enough and the simple peach core was narrow. Hee, the skills are also very strange.
The Legend of Nuclear Boat - Translation: During the Civilization Dynasty, there was a man named Wang Shuyuan who was particularly skillful. He could use wood one inch in diameter to carve houses, utensils, people, as well as birds, beasts, trees, and stones without any deviation from the wood. The original appearance simulates the shape of those things, each with its own mood. Wang Shuyuan once gave me a small boat carved from a peach stone. It turned out that the boat was carved by Su Dongpo. 7. How to quickly master the 8 major learning skills of classical Chinese
1: The main goals of pre-reading are: to read the pronunciation of characters accurately, to pause accurately, and to grasp the rhythm; to understand the common sense about the author's works; to grasp the basic content of the article as a whole . The specific methods are: (1) Consult the reference book and combine the notes to phoneticize new words and characters. (2) Read the text clearly and accurately based on the teacher’s model reading or text recording. (3) Combine the text annotations and Chinese reference books to understand common knowledge about the writers’ works. (4) Use preview tips or self-reading tips to understand the text as a whole. (5) Grasp the basic content and stylistic features of the article by solving problems and reading the full text.
2: Copying and reading The main goals are: to be familiar with the text, to self-study if you have any doubts, and to clarify the key points and difficulties of learning. The specific methods are: (1) Outline or copy new words and famous sayings in the text. (2) Underline or copy difficult sentences in the text. (3) Record the difficult questions that arise when reading the text. (4) Read or excerpt (or make a summary or table of contents) auxiliary materials related to the text.
(5) Combine the unit study summary, text preview tips, thinking and exercises to determine the learning points and difficulties.
Three: Interpretation The main goal is to specifically perceive the content of the text through language analysis and grasp the author's views, attitudes or ideological tendencies expressed in the article. The specific methods are: (1) Combined with the context, deeply understand the meaning of difficult words and sentences from the sentence structure and context. (2) Use common sense of ancient Chinese to specifically analyze the special linguistic phenomena in the text. (3) Translate (can be oral or written) texts or text fragments in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the article as a whole. (4) Classroom special discussions, implement key and difficult points, and analyze and answer language training questions in the "Thinking and Practice" after class.
Four: Appreciative Reading The main goal is to conduct literary and aesthetic appreciation reading of the article in terms of ideological content, organizational structure, expression techniques, language arts, artistic style, etc. The specific methods are: (1) Starting from the stylistic characteristics, overall grasp the basic characteristics of the article as a "type". (2) Comparative reading, analyzing the specific characteristics of the article and the author’s artistic personality in terms of content and form. (3) Guide students to review literature and write essays on important content words, function words and grammatical issues to consolidate the knowledge they have learned and strengthen their ability training.
Five: Recitation The main goals are: to deepen understanding, strengthen memory, enrich language, accumulate materials, train language sense, and cultivate quality. The specific methods are: (1) On the basis of understanding, read aloud repeatedly, and strive to recite it well. (2) Read aloud for taste, recite famous articles, paragraphs and sentences, and memorize them accurately. (3) Expand reading, study materials related to the article, and expand knowledge to achieve a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the text. (4) Organize study notes and write study summaries to highlight key points and difficulties.
(5) Guide the writing of post-reading reflections or ideological comments in order to cultivate sentiment.