Hong Xiuquan initially preached near Guangzhou, but did not achieve great success. Hong Xiuquan persuaded his friend Feng Yunshan to destroy Confucius' memorial tablet, convert to Christianity and spread his teachings to the villagers. Later, he wrote sermons such as "Salvation Song of the Original Way", attacking all kinds of evil phenomena in society and calling for the establishment of a new world of "one family under the sun, enjoying peace" according to Christian teachings. Hong Xiuquan used Christianity to carry out social transformation activities.
1844 (twenty-four years of Daoguang), Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan went to Guangxi to preach. Hong soon returned to Guangdong, while Feng stayed and developed, and his local followers became more and more.
1845 (twenty-five years of Daoguang) to the following year, Hong Xiuquan wrote works such as Awakening by the Original Way, Awakening by the Original Way and Bai Zhengge in his hometown.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/847 (in the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang), Hong Xiuquan studied in a Christian church in Guangzhou for several months and asked to be baptized, but the priest thought that Hong Xiuquan didn't know enough about the teachings and refused. Hong then went to Guangxi to meet Feng Yunshan. With the help of Feng Yunshan, he founded "Worship the God" in Guiping, Guangxi, and absorbed 2000 members including Yang, Xiao Chaogui and Wei Changhui. And gradually formulated the rules and rituals of worship.
The contradiction between Hong Xiuquan's worship of God and local government is deepening day by day. 1850 (thirty years of Daoguang), Hong Xiuquan and others decided to fight against the Qing Dynasty and step up preparations. In the second half of the year, the congregation came to Jintian group camp. See: jintian uprising, Taiping Army's Northern Expedition, Taiping Army's Western Expedition.
185 1 year 1 month1day (the 10th day of December in the first year of Xianfeng), Hong Xiuquan launched the jintian uprising, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was founded, claiming to be the King of Heaven. 1853 (the third year of Xianfeng) made Nanjing its capital and called Tianjing. Promulgated the "celestial eye system" and divided troops for the Western Expedition and the Northern Expedition. In the sixth year of Xianfeng, Wei Changhui, the king of the North, led the army back to Beijing to punish Yang because Yang, the king of the East who held military and political power, "forced himself with authority". Wei also expanded the situation and killed innocent people. Hong Xiuquan was forced to kill Wei by many grievances and was in charge of the development.
In the early days of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, military and political affairs were in the charge of military advisers, and Hong Xiuquan retired behind the scenes and ignored state affairs. Feng Yunshan and Xiao Chaogui are dead, and East Wang Yang is in power. After the capital Tianjing was established, Hong Xiuquan advocated banning the Four Books and Five Classics. Yang disagreed and forced Hong Xiuquan to give in in the name of "Father". The latter had to agree that the four books and five books could be published and circulated after being revised. However, it was not until the death of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom that they were published.
At that time, many citizens in the Qing Dynasty were weak because of smoking opium, which led to a large outflow of silver, empty treasury and poor people's livelihood. Hong Xiuquan banned opium trafficking by enacting severe penalties, and the effect was very good. On the principle of sovereignty, Hong Xiuquan did not recognize any unequal treaties signed by the Qing Dynasty. See: Tianjing Rebellion
1856 (the sixth year of Xianfeng) In June, the Taiping Army broke through the prosperous Jiangnan camp of the Qing army and solved the three-year siege of Tianjing. Xiang Rong died on August 9, and his death soon spread to Tianjin. Seeing that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was in a good situation at that time, Yang, the king of the East, had other plans and forced the heavenly king to call him "Long live" on the grounds that "the heavenly father came down to earth".
The contradiction between the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan and the Eastern Jin Wang Yang is deepening day by day. At this time, Wei Changhui, the king of the North, asked Tianwang to kill Dongwang, but Tianwang could not bear it. Hong Xiuquan knew that Wei Changhui, Shi Dakai and Qin Rigang were just dissatisfied with the East King. Later, the East King attempted to kill the king and usurp the throne.
The heavenly king secretly ordered the Northern King, the Wing King and the Dingtianyan Qin Rigang to eradicate the Eastern King. Wei Changhui arrived in Tianjing on September 1, and entered the city with Qin Rigang at night. On the morning of the second day, he raided Dongdong, and the Yang family was killed, which is known as the Tianjing Incident. When Shi Dakai, the wing king, arrived in Tianjing, he blamed Wei Changhui for killing people indiscriminately. The two broke up in discord. That night, Shi Dakai fled the city, and Wei Changhui killed the Shi Dakai family in Yong Wang Fu. Shi Dakai rose from Anqing and denounced Wei Changhui. At this point, the Taiping rebels outside Tianjing mostly supported Shi Dakai. The East King, the North King and the Yan King were punished one after another. Wang Hao Shida was in charge of Tianjing for a period of time, which was taboo for Hong Xiuquan. Hong Xiuquan named his own brothers Hong Renfa and Hong Renda as kings to contain Shi Dakai and arouse Shi Dakai's dissatisfaction.
1857 (the seventh year of Xianfeng), Shi Dakai was suspicious and led the army to leave angrily, leaving the command of the heavenly king. After the Tianjing Incident and Wang Hao stepped down, although Hong Xiuquan mastered the power of state affairs, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom began to decline.
Hong Xiuquan made good use of Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng, became a strategist, and took measures such as reducing taxes and strengthening religious propaganda to tide over the difficulties. /kloc-in the winter of 0/863 (two years of Tongzhi), Tianjing was besieged by the Qing army and ran out of food. Hong Xiuquan rejected Li Xiucheng's breakthrough suggestion and stuck to Tianjing. Tongzhi died in April of the third year. His poems, imperial edicts, proclamations, etc. Most of them are included in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (one of China's modern history data series) and Historical Materials of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Another explanation:
Wei Changhui doesn't believe that Yang is the person in charge of state affairs. On the surface, he is passive and respectful to Nuo Nuo. In fact, he had hidden dangers in his heart. 1856 (the sixth year of Xianfeng), Yang Pai was the "governor" of Jiangxi, Wei Changhui. Afraid of being punished, he secretly returned to Beijing with 3000 troops and went to Tianwangfu to intercede. Hong Xiuquan scolded: "If you send me to Luzhou to help, you won't be able to repay me well. You should be punished. " Wei Changhui was desperate, so he put all his eggs in one basket, raided East Wang Fu, killed it and deployed more than 20,000 people. Shi Dakai returned to Tianjing from Hubei and rebuked Wei Changhui for killing innocent people. Wei Changhui wants to harm Shi Dakai again. Shi Dakai fled to Tianwangfu, and Wei Changhui attacked Tianwangfu. Shi Dakai fled overnight and Wei Changhui killed the whole family, old and young. After Shi Dakai fled to Wuchang, 40,000 soldiers fought Wei Changhui.
Wei Changhui's killing of innocent people aroused public anger. The heavenly king ordered "alliance with the DPRK", put Wei Changhui to death and sent his head to Shi Dakai.
After the incident, Hong Xiuquan posthumously awarded Yang as "the true god of father and emperor". He adopted his fifth son, Yang, and designated the day when he was killed as "the East King ascended to heaven". Subjects were asked to "remember from generation to generation".
stop
The Qing army began to advance to Tianjin. With the support of Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng, Taiping Army stopped many offensives of Qing army in several years. 1859 (in the ninth year of Xianfeng), Hong Rengan, a kinsman, arrived in Tianjing, and Hong Xiuquan was overjoyed. He was appointed as a military adviser and a dry king, and was the prime minister of heaven. Because Hong Rengan didn't make meritorious service, Hong Xiuquan was afraid that others wouldn't accept her, and once again named her half-surname Wang. Later, Hong Xiuquan dispersed the power of the king and began to abuse the title of the king.
186 1 year (the eleventh year of Xianfeng), the British navy prefect James Hope and counselor Parkes went to Tianjing to propose to Hong Xiuquan that China should be divided equally after the job was done, so as to help the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom defeat the Qing Dynasty. Hong Xiuquan's attitude is firm. He flatly rejected the British proposal and was clear and firm in safeguarding territorial integrity and sovereignty. Seeing that they could not benefit from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the British turned to support the Qing Dynasty. In order to suppress the Taiping Army, the Qing Dynasty colluded with foreigners and betrayed national interests.
1862 (the twelfth year of Xianfeng), after Chen Yucheng's heroic sacrifice, Ceng Guoquan led the Xiang army to attack Yuhuatai and besieged Nanjing. The situation took a turn for the worse, and strongholds near Tianjin fell one after another. In his later years, Hong Xiuquan was conservative and fell into religious superstition. Knowing that Tianjing was difficult to keep for a long time, Li Xiucheng suggested to Hong Xiuquan to give up Tianjing and move to the Central Plains, but Hong Xiuquan refused. In the face of difficulties, Hong Xiuquan did not take appropriate countermeasures, but declared to the soldiers that there would be heavenly soldiers coming down to drive away the Qing soldiers.
Later, the Jiangsu and Zhejiang bases of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were captured by Xiang and Huai armies, and the camp outside Nanjing was also besieged by the enemy. Hong Xiuquan was seriously ill at that time. He rejected Li Xiucheng's suggestion to abandon the city and flee, hoping that God would send a miracle to bless the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and defeat the Qing army. However, as Tianjing's defense became more and more critical, Hong Xiuquan's illusion was finally shattered.
65438+ 1. 0864 (April 27th, Tongzhi three years) Hong Xiuquan committed suicide by taking poison due to Tianjing crisis, and his son Tianguifu Hong succeeded to the throne. His ministers wrapped his body in gorgeous silks and satins and hid it in the palace. It was not announced until more than ten days later.
19 July (June 16), Nanjing was besieged by the Qing army and the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was occupied.
1 year in August, Zeng Guofan was preparing to "slaughter the corpse". I didn't expect heavy rain, thunder, fire and lightning. Thousands of Qing soldiers were killed on the spot. Zeng Guofan himself was stunned by this scene. Hong Xiuquan's body is missing. Zeng Guofan died a year later.