The content of ancient poetry is very extensive. Knowing some common poetry categories will be very helpful for us to appreciate poetry. We can appreciate it from different angles and methods according to different categories.
1. Scenery lyric-taste the artistic conception and try to figure out the feelings.
Generally, this kind of poetry should create a specific artistic conception, so that readers can try to figure out the author's thoughts and feelings on the basis of tasting the artistic conception. Appreciating this kind of poetry is mainly to expand imagination and association, so that the picture depicted in the poem seems to be in front of them, and then try to figure out the author's thoughts and feelings. For example:
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing in the deep trees. The rain brought by the spring tide came late and quickly, and no one crossed the river in the wild. -Wei, Xixi Chuzhou
2. Say goodbye to friends and human beings-analyze the situation and understand emotions.
In ancient times, due to rugged roads and backward transportation, friends often left for many years, so the ancients paid more attention to parting. Scholar-officials not only prepared farewell drinks and folded willows, but also often wrote poems for travelers (farewell) or residents (farewell). Therefore, expressing feelings of parting is a common theme in ancient poetry. Most of these poems are touching and sad.
To the north of the Great Wall is a blue mountain range, and to the east is a white waterline. You must leave me and drift away for hundreds of miles like loose grass. I will think of you on the floating clouds, so think of me in the sunset. We waved goodbye and my horse neighed again and again. -Li Bai's "Send a Friend".
3. frontier poems-try to figure out the tone and taste the content
There are two important schools of poetry in the Tang Dynasty: pastoral poetry and frontier poetry. Frontier poets include Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Cen Can. They either express their dissatisfaction with the rulers through poems, or express their nostalgia for their hometown, or express their determination and lofty aspirations to kill the enemy and serve the country. For example:
There are dark snow-capped mountains in Qinghai, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan. Huang Sha won every battle in shining armor until he broke Loulan. -Wang Changling's Seven Songs of Joining the Army (Part 4)
4. Enjoy things-distinguish things and grasp the main idea.
This kind of poetry often uses metaphors or symbols to express a certain theme by singing something. To appreciate this kind of poetry, we must first analyze the characteristics of "things", try to figure out lyrical sentences, and then make clear the theme to be expressed. For example:
A thousand hammers cut a deep mountain, and it is idle to burn. If you are crushed to pieces, you will not be afraid, but you should leave your innocence in the world. -Yu Qian's Poem on Lime.
5. Nostalgia and nostalgia-Understanding images and feelings.
This kind of poetry often expresses the poet's feelings of missing his relatives in his hometown with the help of some concrete images. There are many such works in ancient poetry. For example:
On September 9, he invited a guest to see him off at Wangxiangtai. People are tired of suffering in the south, and Hongyan comes from the north. -Wang Bo's Nine Days in Shu.
6. Worrying about the country and the people-knowing people and discussing the world and understanding emotions.
In ancient times, many poets took the world as their own responsibility, and wrote many works about their country and people, especially in the specific background of the times, such as the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, the separatist regime in the buffer region, and the Southern Song Dynasty rulers' partial security in the south of the Yangtze River. To understand this kind of poetry, we should contact the background of the times, so as to understand the author's thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. For example:
Flowers, as high as my window, hurt a vagrant's heart, because I see from this height that sadness is everywhere. The bright silk river in spring floats between the earth and heaven, just like a cloud on the jade peak, between ancient times and the present. The arctic court will not change. Bandits dare not venture from the Western Hills, but feel sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor at dusk and talk about Fu Liang at sunset. -Du Fu's "Climbing the Building"
7. Remembering the past hurts the present-contact the background and understand the allusions.
To understand nostalgic poems, we should first understand the allusions involved in the works, and more importantly, pay attention to the connection points and similarities between the people and things in these allusions and the author's experience. With the connection points and similarities, the author and the ancients can organically connect modern people with the ancients, and then let the author feel a lot. This kind of poetry often satirizes the present by describing the ancients, the ancients and historical sites, or regrets the past, or publishes it.
Since ancient times, the empire has flourished. This is a dream for 400 years, which is worrying. Jin's robe was swam around the water by ancient dust, reached the top of the city and went upstairs. In the past, I was carefree in Mo Wen, and time went back. The Yangtze River flows freely outside the threshold. -Wang Anshi's Nanxiangzi
8. Interpretive philosophy-understanding phenomena and accurately explaining them.
This kind of poetry is particularly common in the Song Dynasty, because it advocates reason and interest. Poetry often starts with some natural phenomenon and expounds some viewpoints with universal significance. To understand this kind of poetry, we must first understand the described phenomenon; Secondly, we can use accurate language to explain the philosophy contained in the poem. For example:
Seen from the side of the mountain, the peaks are different in height. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only on this mountain. -Su Shi's Xilin Wall Title
When the square pond of half an acre is opened, the sky is high and the clouds are light. How clear is the canal? For the source of living water. -thoughts on reading Zhu's book