2. How to understand classical Chinese? ppt 1。 Accumulation focuses on the understanding of cultural common sense and the recitation of famous sentences and articles. There are two main types of dictation questions in classical Chinese for senior high school entrance examination: (1) memory fill-in-the-blank questions; (2) Understand the fill-in-the-blank questions.
Memory fill-in-the-blank questions generally need the continuation of the previous sentence or the filling of the next sentence. This kind of test questions test mechanical memory. Candidates can solve problems as long as they can recite them skillfully and don't write typos.
Understanding fill-in-the-blank questions generally has a clear answer direction, and it is required to fill in the required content according to the prompts. Although this type of question is in the form of dictation, it only prompts the title of the text, indicates the content of the dictation sentence, and does not give the context of the dictation sentence.
This is not only a question of memorizing basic skills, but also a test of students' understanding of the text, which is a combination of memory and understanding. To do this kind of questions, we must first understand the hints accurately, and then mobilize and accumulate the answers correctly.
This kind of questions has accounted for half of the dictation questions in this year's senior high school entrance examination, and will become the main questions in classical Chinese dictation in the future. Therefore, we should pay attention to understanding the accumulation of classical Chinese, and pay attention to the accumulation of long-term water.
Nevertheless, it is still difficult for students to memorize all China's classical poems word for word. In order to improve their learning efficiency, they should pay attention to the understanding and memory of famous sentences, famous paragraphs and related literary common sense. Among China's classical poems studied in junior high school, some articles can be called classics, such as Peach Blossom Spring, Little Stone Pond, Argument on Cao Gui, On Ailian, Examples and so on. We must memorize the full text of such an excellent work.
There are also some poems that have been circulated in the world mainly because some sentences or paragraphs are particularly brilliant. Learning this kind of poetry should focus on the accumulation of famous sentences and paragraphs on the basis of overall understanding. Classical Chinese recitation is examined in the form of dictation in the entrance examination, and the scoring requirements are very strict. If you make a mistake in the whole sentence, you won't get a point. Therefore, in the usual study, in addition to accurate recitation, we should also make more efforts in accurate dictation, pay attention to our own hands while speaking, and avoid losing points because of typos.
Second, the recognition of reading focuses on the understanding of the basic meaning of keywords and key sentences. The knowledge and ability needed to solve classical Chinese reading problems outside the senior high school entrance examination can be found in the text. In other words, the test center of extracurricular classical Chinese is still the knowledge in class and the reading ability of classical Chinese based on learning in class. Therefore, the key for junior three students to have the ability to read classical Chinese and understand its content with the help of notes and reference books is to accumulate some knowledge of classical Chinese vocabulary and common sentence patterns, so learning classical Chinese should pay attention to the understanding and accumulation of basic meanings of vocabulary and sentences.
The so-called basic meaning has two meanings here. From the perspective of words, every word has its original meaning and extended meaning. Attention should be paid to the identification of the original meaning and main extended meaning of common notional words in the study of classical Chinese. Accumulating this kind of knowledge is helpful to improve our ability to use Chinese, which is the instrumental highlight of Chinese subject and one of the goals of classical Chinese learning.
From the perspective of clauses, grasping the basic meaning is to understand the main content of sentence expression, and junior three students can read classical Chinese sentences. You don't have to stick to the knowledge of grammar and sentence patterns, nor do you have to stick to the realization of words. You can grasp the main meaning of the sentence and explain the basic content of the sentence in modern Chinese.
We should pay attention to some special language phenomena when recognizing and reading words in classical Chinese. For example, some words in classical Chinese have changed their meanings in modern Chinese due to the development of the times. When reading these words, we should pay attention to the difference between ancient and modern meanings, and we must not interpret the ancient meanings from the present.
In ancient Chinese, there is another phenomenon that we call "loanwords", that is, the ancients used this word to replace other words. The pronunciation and meaning of loanwords are generally the same as those of loanwords, such as "lying on your right knee and supporting the boat with your right arm", which is interpreted as "bending over". When learning classical Chinese, we should not only familiarize ourselves with the common sentence patterns in classical Chinese by reading more, but also pay attention to the flexible use of parts of speech.
Flexible use of parts of speech is a common language phenomenon in classical Chinese. Due to the change of parts of speech, the meaning of words also changes. In this case, we can't understand the word according to its original part of speech. For example, the word "sweat cow" in question 7 of this year's senior high school entrance examination can't be interpreted as "sweat cow", but should be interpreted as "make cow sweat". We should summarize this phenomenon of flexible use of parts of speech in our daily study.
3. Understanding focuses on grasping the content of the article and the author's thoughts and feelings. Some of China's classical poems we studied in junior high school depict the magnificent scenery of the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, some reveal rich social and life philosophy, some show the heroism of a generation of great men, and some reflect the lofty morality and integrity of people with lofty ideals. Reading these poems can improve our cultural accomplishment, make us establish a sense of national pride and cultivate a healthy and noble aesthetic and patriotic spirit. We should focus on understanding the contents of China's classical poems and grasping the thoughts and feelings contained in them, which is also the focus of reading classical Chinese in senior high school entrance examinations over the years.
To learn China's classical poetry, we should first find out the central sentence or key sentence of the article on the basis of repeated reading, and then use these sentences to correctly divide the content levels, summarize the meaning of paragraphs (layers), clarify the relationship between paragraphs (layers), sort out the writing ideas, and feel the author's thoughts and feelings, so as to grasp the main idea of the article. For example, the full text of Love Lotus is only 120 words, with concise writing and beautiful language. Starting with Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums and the world's love for peonies, this paper leads to his love for lotus flowers that are "muddy but not stained". Chrysanthemum, peony and lotus are three different flowers to symbolize three different people, namely "seclusion", "wealth" and "gentleman", and make comments. There are few people who express their true seclusion, and it is difficult to find a gentleman like themselves, while people who love money in the world only have many feelings.
By loving and praising the lotus, the author expresses his noble sentiment of complete self-love and being different from the common customs, and shows contempt for those who strive for fame and gain in the world. After the above study and combing, we can really understand the text and be handy in the exam.
3. How to read the ancient poem PPT 1/7 step by step?
First, pay attention to the title of the poem. The first thing is to think about this poem "What is it about?" Look at the title of the poem, and you may have unexpected gains. The title of Du Fu's Moonlit Night tells us the background of writing. The content of Li Shangyin's poem "A note to a friend in the north on a rainy night" did not leave the night, but it was a rainy night, whether it was torrential rain or continuous drizzle. The poet couldn't sleep that night and wanted to send a message to his distant relatives or friends. Meng Haoran's "Prime Minister Zhang in Dongting" is bound to describe the scenery of Dongting. The title also tells us that this poem is dedicated to Prime Minister Zhang, and the word "Shang" reveals to us that Prime Minister Zhang's identity and status are obviously higher than Meng Haoran's. Yuan Zhen is a good friend of Bai Juyi. He was exiled to Tongzhou after a serious illness and almost killed him. At this time, how will his heart be touched when he hears that Lotte has awarded Jiangzhou Sima? Title is the key to the interpretation of poetry, and the characteristic of ancient poetry is lyricism. Poets often inspire their feelings through accidental events and express their feelings through a certain scene. From the perspective of creative motivation, the topic is the end point that triggers the author's feelings, and it is an introduction to the content of the poem.
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Second, grasp the key words (sentences) that reveal the author's thoughts and feelings in poetry. For example, Su Shi's Ding Fengbo? Don't listen to the beating of leaves in the forest: "Don't listen to the beating of leaves in the forest, why not sing and walk slowly? Bamboo shoes are lighter than horses. Who is afraid?" "A raincoat hemp fiber, regardless of the wind and rain, still live my life. The coolness of spring breeze awakens my wine, and the cold begins to be cold, and the peak of the sun is the sun, but it is satisfied in time. Looking back at the bleak land, rain or shine. " This poem was written in the third year after being relegated to Huangzhou. Focus on outlook, keep things in mind, and talk about life philosophy from natural phenomena. The two sentences in the poem "Rain or shine for life" and "Rain or shine" are obviously the true reflection of the author's indifferent mood.
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Third, pay attention to the author's life experience and dynasty. To truly understand a poem, we must know people and discuss the world. The same scenery, because of the poet's different experiences and moods, will contain completely different emotions. Frost leaves are red, some people praise "February flowers are red", others feel bitterly that "it always leaves people with tears". Therefore, when reading poems, we must pay attention to the poet's experience and situation, and pay attention to the national conditions and political affairs of the dynasty where the poet lives. Only by contacting these backgrounds can we accurately grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry. Some poems will provide relevant annotations, while others have no annotations, which need to be recalled and refined from accumulated knowledge. For example, Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom: "A few plums in a corner, hanling alone. I know from a distance that it is not snow, because it has a faint fragrance. " Wang Anshi was a reformer in China 1 1 century. During his tenure as prime minister, he advocated reform, but eventually failed because of the opposition of conservatives. Wang Anshi insisted on his own reform ideas and did not give in to conservatives. Knowing this background, we can know that Wang Anshi used plum blossom metaphor to show his attitude towards political reform. No matter what happens, plum blossoms will still bloom in the world when it is cold and there are no flowers.
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Fourth, pay attention to the linguistic features of poetry. The language of poetry is different from that of prose. The language of poetry is the most concentrated.
4. How to learn the most complete version of classical Chinese, ppt one, several problems that should be paid attention to when learning the content words of classical Chinese.
Content words in classical Chinese include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals and quantifiers. In classical Chinese, the number of notional words far exceeds that of function words. Learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is to master the meaning of content words in classical Chinese. Only by mastering the meaning of a certain number of classical Chinese words and accumulating knowledge about classical Chinese words can we read classical Chinese smoothly.
When learning content words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to the following points: 1, and pay attention to distinguishing the similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings. From the right generation to today, the meaning of Chinese is constantly evolving. The meanings of some basic words and general words are few, and the meanings of ancient and modern words have not changed. Such words will not cause us any difficulties in learning classical Chinese.
Other words, though commonly used in classical Chinese, disappeared with the disappearance of old things and old ideas, and the meanings of ancient and modern words changed. This change is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1), the expansion of meaning. The expansion of word meaning refers to the expansion of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from part to whole, from individual to general, from narrow sense to broad sense, so that the original meaning becomes a part of the extension of new meaning.
For example, "autumn" refers to extending from one season to the whole year; "Sleep" refers to the extension from sitting and dozing to sleeping. (2) The narrowing of meaning.
The narrowing of word meaning refers to the narrowing of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from the whole to the part, from the broad sense to the narrow sense, so that the new meaning becomes a part of the extension of the original meaning. For example, "husband" generally refers to men in ancient times, such as "does husband also love his youngest son?" Now, "husband" refers to a woman's spouse.
"Smell" refers to all smells, especially malodorous gases. "Soup" generally refers to hot water and boiled water, especially vegetable soup and broth.
(3), the transfer of meaning. The transfer of word meaning refers to the change of word meaning from nail to object B.
For example, "scholar" in ancient times refers to "scholar", for example, "so a scholar can't be cautious without thinking deeply" (You Shan Wang), and now refers to people who have certain academic achievements. "Miss", in ancient times, refers to unmarried women or unmarried women in powerful families. Now, under the background of reform and opening up, its meaning has basically changed, referring to the woman who has improper behavior.
If you call a beautiful young lady, the lady will stare at you angrily to show that she is not a lady. (4) The color of the word meaning has changed.
For example, "slander" in ancient times refers to publicly accusing others of their faults, which is a neutral word. For example, "those who can slander the city and listen to me will be rewarded."
Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi. Now using "slander" is slander, which means to speak ill of others out of thin air. It is a derogatory term. The above four situations are the main types of semantic changes in ancient and modern times.
The existence of a large number of words with both ancient and modern meanings is the main obstacle to the study of classical Chinese. When we study classical Chinese, we must combine the study of classical Chinese works to master the common meaning of a group of commonly used words purposefully, planned and required.
2. Pay attention to the distinction between monosyllabic words and disyllabic words in ancient and modern Chinese. In modern Chinese, disyllabic words account for the vast majority, while in classical Chinese, monosyllabic words are dominant. Therefore, when reading classical Chinese, don't mistake disyllabic words in classical Chinese for disyllabic words in modern Chinese.
For example, the ancient meaning of "extraordinary" in "Extraordinary View" (You Bao Chan Shan) is two words: different. It means adverb of degree.
In addition, don't explain the disyllabic words in classical Chinese alone. For example, the word "worry-free" in Sunset Killing a Hundred Careless People (Feng Wanzhen) is a couplet meaning "probably" and "roughly", which has nothing to do with "nothing" and "worry" and cannot be separated.
3. Pay attention to the polysemy in ancient Chinese. Like modern Chinese, classical Chinese has ambiguity.
If we only know one or two meanings of a polysemous word, it is easy to interpret one or two meanings when reading classical Chinese, and we may make mistakes in understanding. In order to avoid mistakes, we should consciously accumulate and sort out knowledge.
In our textbooks, there is this convenient exercise at the back of every classical Chinese to help us accumulate and organize our works. It must be done seriously and cannot be ignored. With the accumulation of meaning, we can choose the meaning more accurately when we encounter polysemous words.
In addition, we also need to know the original meaning and extended meaning of words. Every word has its original meaning, which is the original meaning.
Later, with the development and change of society, the new meaning is its extended meaning. For example, "wife" means to catch a woman by hand in ancient times, but it is a man's spouse in modern times.
"Sun" means that my son's son has been passed down from generation to generation, but now it means his son. 4. Pay attention to the phenomenon of interchangeable words.
It is a common phenomenon in classical Chinese that ancient Chinese characters are falsified. In ancient times, due to the phonetic similarity, some words were often used together with other words, and the phenomenon that these words replaced each other in use was called "Tong Jia" words.
"Tong" is universal; "Fake" is a loan. Identifying interchangeable words is not an easy task. The earlier the classical Chinese is, the harder it is to read the interchangeable words.
For beginners, the way to master interchangeable words is to read more classical Chinese, look up dictionaries and accumulate knowledge. Second, several problems that should be paid attention to when studying function words in classical Chinese.
Function words in classical Chinese include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and pronouns. The lexical meaning of function words is abstract, but it has many grammatical functions such as expressing mood and organizing content words.
Function words in classical Chinese, especially commonly used function words, appear frequently in classical Chinese and have flexible usage. When reading classical Chinese, we should be good at distinguishing the meaning and function of function words in order to fully understand the meaning of the article.
If function words are misunderstood, it will affect the understanding of the whole sentence and even the whole article. In learning, we should pay attention to the following convenient questions.
1, distinguish between real words and function words. Function words in classical Chinese are mostly grammaticalized from real words.
For example, the basic meaning of "suo" is "place", and later it is extended to "place" or "person" as a structural auxiliary word. For another example, the basic meaning of "zhi" is "Xiang", which was later blurred into pronouns, auxiliary words, modal particles and so on, becoming the most used function words.
5. How to quickly read the classical Chinese courseware after the senior high school entrance examination? First of all, we need to realize that what we call ancient Chinese, like our current Mandarin, is just words in the daily conversation of ancient people. Therefore, it is not difficult to learn ancient Chinese well, but it is difficult to have literary talent.
Combined with my own experience, if the foundation of ancient Chinese is weak, I am not interested in ancient Chinese, and only focus on doing problems, then my suggestion is to clarify the meaning and usage of some common words in the textbook, such as nominal words and some special sentence patterns, such as prepositions of true predicates. There are still some classic paragraphs to be memorized skillfully.
If you want to get a higher score in the ancient Chinese part of the exam, I suggest reading Historical Records and History as a Mirror. Both the ancient and vernacular versions of these two books can be read, and the historical deeds of this person can be told by reading the ancient version. In the daily examination, the topic is often to choose someone's deeds, and then combine the knowledge of ancient Chinese to investigate the meaning of real function words, sentence translation and article understanding. The so-called ever-changing cannot be separated from it. Two books, one biographical and the other chronological, are very representative. Most of the essays in the exam also choose similar articles for investigation.
6. How to read ancient poems? Ppt (1) How to read the shallow meaning of a poem: 1:(20 13 Jiangsu Volume 2) What kind of artistic conception does this poem express? (4 points) Students' general answer: I don't want to go with the flow and feel that time flies.
Reference answer: Expressed the mentality of hating officialdom and pursuing calmness. Analysis: "Unwilling to go along with the common customs" is not as clear as "hating officialdom", but it should be correct.
But there is a great distance between "feeling time flies" and "pursuing peace", because "zi" and "park" are incomprehensible, and then we hold on to "time" and naturally it becomes "time flies". The word formation of "bian" should mean "cheap" and "suitable" according to the context.
There are many ways to interpret "Gui" as a sleeping mat, for example, according to the context of the bamboo prefix in the font, the title "Drunk Sleep", "Good Birds Might as well Sleep" and "Frequent Sentences in Dreams", or "Red Lotus Fragrance Can Remain Jade Autumn" in Li Qingzhao's Plum. Example 2: (20 1 1 the first question of Jiangsu Volume) What are the three aspects that the first four sentences of this poem give high praise to Li Bai? (3 points) Literal translation: Li Bai's poems are unparalleled, and his superb talents are far beyond the average person.
Li Bai's poems have both the freshness of Yu Xin's poems and the elegance of Bao Zhao's works. Analysis: in the process of understanding the meaning, we should pay attention to the fact that "thinking without group" in the second sentence is a subject-predicate phrase, not a verb-object phrase, and "thinking" here is a noun "ideological interest"; Add the subject "Li Bai's poems" before three or four sentences.
On the basis of this understanding, the answer is naturally drawn. Reference answer: the status of poetry is unparalleled; The ideological interest of poetry is free and easy; Poetic, fresh and elegant.
Therefore, to understand the superficial meaning of poetry, we should use the following methods, just like the translation of classical Chinese: meaningful reasoning-glyph reasoning, knowledge transfer, filling in the content in connection with the context-adjusting the word order of omitted subjects, objects, adverbials and interlanguages in poetry-integrating the meaning of sentences with verb inversion, adverbial postposition and prepositional object. -before and after contact, generally translated into sentences with relatively complete meaning. For example: 65433. The "pity" here is associated with the beautiful scenery below, which means "lovely" in ancient times.
2. "Here birds are singing and mountains are shining, and people's hearts touch a calm pool." Here, the understanding of "Yue" and "Empty" must move. 3. "Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Nautilus Island is a nest of herbs".
When you understand it, you should change the word order to this: the Hanyang tree in Qingchuan is vivid, and the grass in Nautilus Island is flourishing. 4. "I don't know where people are, but the peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze." The last sentence here must be added in reverse, that is, "Peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze."
(2) The method of reading 1. The title of the title is the starting point of poetry appreciation, because the title is rich in a lot of information. It can be said that the title of a poem is a guide to poetry appreciation.
Function 1: the topic reveals the content (time, place, people, events). Memories of Li Bai in Spring directly points out the main contents of the poet Du Fu's yearning and admiration for Li Bai in Spring. Function 2: The title reveals the mood. The "memory" in the title of "Spring Back to Li Bai" directly points out the thoughts and admiration for Li Bai.
Another example is Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night and Tianjin Sha Qiu Si. Function 3: The title expresses the theme of the poem and implies the content of the poem. Because poems are of the same genre, they generally have similar poetic contents.
For example, "Partridge Days Giving People Away", "Political Prisoners Listening to Cicada" and "Looking Back at the Gubei Pavilion in Yonghe Lejingkou" are all 1. ((Jiangsu Volume, 2007) Partridge Tian sent Xin Qiji to sing "Yangguan" with tears, and fame and fortune spared no effort to add meals. The water is connected, as if the trees on both sides of the river extend into the endless distance, and the dark clouds with rain buried half the mountain.
Throughout the ages, there have been more than a thousand kinds of annoying things. Is it only parting that makes people sad and gathering that makes people smile? It's not very sinister, but the journey of mankind is even more difficult. (1) What are the thoughts and feelings of "floating in the air to send infinite trees, and rain clouds buried in the middle of the mountain"? Reference answer: (1) Looking forward to it, reluctant; The road is difficult and dangerous, and the concern of blessing peace; The gloomy feeling of high mountains and flowing water and the confused future. Analysis: (1) From the title of the poem Farewell, we can roughly grasp that the theme of this poem is "Farewell Poetry".
(2) emotional memories often expressed in farewell poems: ① reluctant memories, no hatred of parting; ② Profound encouragement, praise and wishes; (3) frankly express your heart, in order to spit out the accumulated anger in your chest or show your mind. (3) According to the general feelings of the farewell poem, combined with the poetic content of this poem, determine the thoughts and feelings contained in this poem. Example 2:(08 Jiangsu Volume) Li went to Nanjing and boarded the Phoenix Terrace for sightseeing, and now he has abandoned it in this desolate river.
Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine. Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and Egret Island is wet.
There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it. Note ① Yishui: also known as "Ershui".
(1) Summarize the contents of the couplets and necklaces of this poem respectively, and talk about what emotions the poet embodies in them. (4 points) Reference answer: The seal couplets are about places of interest in the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, and the neck couplets are about the beautiful natural scenery of Jinling.
It embodies the vicissitudes of life, the eternity of nature and the feelings of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties. Analysis: (1) According to the title of "Phoenix Tower in Jinling", we can see the theme of this poem, which is to miss the epic. (2) Recall the thoughts and feelings that may exist in the epic.
(3) Combining the content of parallel prose and neck couplet, we can get the emotion contained in it. Knowledge link: common feelings of poems with different themes (1) farewell poems: ① reluctant memories; (2) affectionate encouragement; (3) Confess Chen Xinzhi's confession; (4) Imagination, worry and yearning for friends in other situations.
(2) Homesickness Poems: (Travel Poems) ① Wandering Poems: Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge ② Missing relatives and friends: Wang Wei's Mountain Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers ③ Calling for homesickness: Li Yi's Watching the Hometown Wall and Listening to the Flute at Night ④ Missing people in the boudoir: Wang Changling's in my heart forever ③ Pastoral Poems: ① Live in seclusion and love mountains and rivers; 2. Describe the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers and love the rivers and mountains of the motherland; 3. Reject the darkness of the officialdom, express your carefree mood and express your noble character of never colluding with others. (4) Frontier poems: ①. The main battle thought (eulogizes the dedication and lofty sentiments of frontier defense officers and soldiers.
7. How to read ancient poems? Free full-text reading of ppt is a bright pearl in China's cultural treasure house and one of the most precious cultural heritages.
It is very helpful for middle school students to read and appreciate ancient poems to improve their literary literacy. First, meet people and discuss the world.
Grasping the broad context of poetry "knowing people and discussing the world", the language "Mencius? Zhang Wan II: "Praise his poems and read his books. I don't know who he is, but what? It is based on its world. "
Knowing people and discussing the world is used to appreciate ancient poetry, which means that understanding the life, thoughts and styles of the authors of ancient poetry helps us to accurately grasp the general idea of the works. For example, in terms of the writer's era, the national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, and most intellectuals who joined the army were high-spirited, heroic, poetic and emotional.
The Song Dynasty was poor and weak, the national strength declined, and the heroism of intellectuals was less. There is more sadness.
As far as the writer's style is concerned, Tao Yuanming's poems are quiet, Wang Wei's poems are beautiful, Li Bai's poems are elegant and bold, Du Fu's poems are depressed and frustrated, and so on. In short, the secretary will provide you with the right direction and let you know the general idea of ancient poetry.
Second, interpret the topic and understand the content of the poem. The title is the "eye" of the poem, which has the function of indicating the theme, explaining the content or revealing the theme. From the title, we can often quickly understand the main idea of ancient poetry.
For example, "Farewell to Yuan Er Shi Anxi" explains the farewell object, friends and arrival place, which is a farewell to friends; Ascending the Mountain explains that this poem is what the author thought when he ascended the mountain ... In short, the title of the poem is an important part of the whole poem, so it should be read. You can grasp the main idea of ancient poetry.
Third, understand the background of poetry. Some ancient poems are in order before the poem, while others have some notes after the poem. Interpreting them is very beneficial to understand the ideological content of the works. "Preface", some explain the creation time, some explain the creation reason, some explain the creation process, some explain the creation background, and some lay the emotional tone for the whole work.
"Notes", some of which introduce the writing background and hint at the ideological content of your poem; Some explain related words, suggesting the allusion or artistic conception of your poem; Some introduce the author, which implies your writing style of this poem. Fourth, interpret the image and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings. Confucius said, "Set up an image that you can do your best."
Image here refers to image and form; Meaning is content. Create an image, create an intention, this is poetry.
It can be seen that the image of a poem is very important if you want to understand it. Only by understanding the image can we understand the theme of the poem. Image has a wide range of meanings. For example, in lyric poetry, the image is often the poet himself (lyric hero, such as Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream"). By writing about the lyric hero's sleepwalking experience, he created the image of the author's unruly and uncompromising struggle.
Poetry is the expression of image and the art of image. The poet's subjective feelings are expressed through images. Without images, it is not poetry. Poetry often entrusts its feelings to an objective image, and then expresses its feelings and wishes through this image.
However, poets often give some images a relatively stable emotional color, and these emotions and puzzles are linked with our sense of modernity, which builds a communication bridge for us to understand ancient poetry. For example: plum blossom, lotus, ice and snow, lime, cicada-noble and clean; Folding willow, yangguan, Changting, Nanpu and Baqiao-farewell and sadness; Beacon, beacon smoke, wolf smoke, the Great Wall, Yumenguan-war, border defense; Sunset, west wind, returning geese, floating clouds, returning home-wandering and caring.
Therefore, only by grasping the image of poetry, as well as the theme contained in the image, the emotional appeal embodied by the image, the social significance and infection of the image, can we truly understand classical poetry. Fifth, interpret "language".
Ignore the author's emotional tendency (1), grasp the "poetic eye" to understand poetry, and pay attention to the words (or words) that are most vivid or can best summarize the essence of the whole poem, such as "Old Love in the Jianglou": "The moonlight is like water, like the sky.
What about the people who came back to see the moon? The scenery is vaguely like last year. Grasping the word "thinking" in the eyes of poetry can be understood as: the reason for thinking is "solitude", the environment for thinking is "moonlight is like water, water is like sky", the object of thinking is the moon watchers who once met, and the result of thinking is "the scenery is vaguely like last year". Poetry repeatedly buckles "thinking" and the thoughts are more lingering.
(2) grasp verbs. For example, "come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" " In Du Fu's Two Banks of the Yellow River Recovered by the Imperial Army, the words "wear", "lower" and "Xiang" are dynamic verbs, which are worn in four places far apart, expressing the poet's quick and unexpected mood of imagining his way home after hearing the news of victory.
(3) Grasp the words that indicate color. These words, whether as subjects, predicates or objects, are used to express emotions, enhance the sense of color and picture in description, and thus render the atmosphere.
For example, in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow", the "green" of "wheat green" is extremely lush after the spring breeze of ten miles, reflecting the barren land. "Shili Yangzhou Road" is not what it used to be.
Sixth, interpret the "theme" and grasp the theme of ancient poetry. Ancient poetry is rich in materials and content, but poems on the same subject often have the same content. Therefore, understanding the theme of ancient poetry is conducive to grasping the theme of poetry.
Common themes are: (1) reminiscing about the past and composing poems. Most of them start with the scenery in front of them, thinking about the past and hurting the present, thinking about others and hurting themselves, thus expressing feelings such as things are different, time is fleeting, today is not the same, talents are not met, and ambitions are hard to pay.
(2) Farewell poems. More scenes are used to render, or to tell the feelings of parting, or to tell the thoughts after parting.
(3) frontier poems. When describing the life of frontier troops, the similarities are all aimed at creating a desolate, vast and desolate artistic conception, or writing about frontier customs, or complaining about people's grievances, or complaining about homesickness, or expressing dissatisfaction with militaristic rulers.
(4) write lyric poems. Praise scenic spots and describe natural scenery. Such poems often contain the feelings expressed by the scenery described.
(5) chanting poems. The poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and character of what he sings, in order to pin his feelings and express his spirit, quality or ideal.
(6) Poems concerning the country and the people.