Jiangyou is a small town. Compared with other cities, there is not much difference. Its reputation is widely circulated because of Li Bai. It is not uncommon for a city or a building to be named after a poem. For example, Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower, Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting, and Cui Hao's Poems on the Yellow Crane Tower. Li Bai, like Qu Yuan, is listed as a world cultural celebrity. Jiangyou, his hometown, is undoubtedly the cradle of genius and the source of light. No wonder Li Zhi commented on Li Baishi in Ming Dynasty, saying that he was "glorious in life, glorious in death, glorious in exile and glorious in imprisonment".
Writing this reminds me of the story of six foreign cities competing for the poet Homer. Ancient epic is the condensation of a national spirit and the source of philosophy, religion and ethics. Six cities compete for Homer, which is also the birthplace of a national spirit. Homer is a symbol of the sacred soul. Great poets are national treasures, just as Hugo is to France, Shakespeare is to Britain, Pushkin is to Russia, and Li Bai is to China. Imagine how many emperors there will be, but who can let the world know, and Li Bai's sentence "The bright line at the foot of my bed", yes, children who learn languages can recite it.
There are many textual researches on Li Bai's birthplace, but there are different opinions. But there is no doubt that Li Bai's exile life before was "branches", "broken leaves" and "western regions" In the preface of Biography of Historical Records, Li Bai once wrote that "Shu Fan is for peace" and "Shu Fan is for grass". It is a fact that he knows Turkic characters, and Li Bai's sons are called "Yue Ming slaves" and "Li Po", which all seem to have the meaning of the western regions. In Hao Wei's Preface to Li Hanlin Caotang Collection, it is said that Li Bai's appearance is "bright eyes and hungry", so some people suspect that Li Bai is of Ren Hu origin. Naturally, this is just a guess, but he was influenced by western culture and was educated in both Chinese and western languages in his childhood. Hu Feng's unique language, good at learning fencing, reading poetry books and drinking Long song are the portrayal of his existence. Therefore, it is good that Li Bai was born in Sichuan at the age of five and was influenced by two regional cultures.
From this, I think that although people's personality, temperament and poetic style are generated by many factors, the influence of regional culture is probably one of the important factors. Perhaps, its wild, heroic and alcoholic habits are left over from the Western Regions, and its fantastic and elegant spirit, learned fencing and elegant poetry should be endowed by Shu.
In Jiangyou, you will feel that the mountains, rivers, customs and customs here seem to be saturated with Li Bai's poetic soul. Longxi Courtyard in Qinglian Township is called the birthplace of Li Bai. The flat dam on the Panjiang River used to be covered with thick eight hairs. It is said that the poet used to herd sheep here when he was young. The pink bamboo building where Li Bai's sister lives is also the pink water poured from the upstairs after dressing at the full moon every day. Over time, the bamboo downstairs is covered with powder, so this building is called powder bamboo building. Not far from his former residence is Li Bai's Crown Tomb, and there is a strange boulder next to it, which is said to be a meteorite falling from the sky. It is considered that Li Bai is the lower bound of Taibai Venus, with a meteorite as the body and only clothes left in the tomb, which is quite meaningful.
Jiangyou, there are many folklore about Li Bai, from his mother eating red carp to the old woman grinding needles with a pestle, and even to Shi Niu, the hometown of poetry, where he washed a good pen and ink stone, fought bravely against the white dragon and practiced sword in Kuangshan, all of which are consistent with the name of the poet "fallen immortal" and filled with the admiration and love of his hometown people for Li Bai. When analyzing the origin of some legends, Mr. Xu Hongquan pointed out that after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Taoism was once regarded as the state religion and achieved the position of the first of the three religions. It can be seen that Li Bai's obsession with Taoism is also caused by the consciousness of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The legend of Li Bai's birth also uses the legend of Lao Zi's birth: Lao Zi's mother was "pregnant with a huge meteor", while Li Bai's mother was "surprised by the night of Jiang, and Chang Geng fell asleep"; Laozi accepts "the spirit of heaven" and Li Bai accepts "the essence of Taibai"; Lao Zi took Li Shu as his surname, while Li Bai was born with "referring to Li Shu again". This shows that Li Bai is immortal in legend.
The mine is where Li Bai studies and learns the sword. Young Li Bai once lived here for ten years. Kuangshan was named after the shape of Kuangzi, and daming temple and Kuangshan Academy were built in Sui and Tang Dynasties. According to the report, "daming temple and Kuangshan College have more than 0/00 original buildings/kloc, and eight courtyards. The pavilions and pavilions are magnificent and hidden among the towering ancient trees. There is a clay sculpture and a white wood carving in the temple, which is elegant and luxurious." Today, the old traces of Kuangshan are gone, and Xiushan Lingquan still exists. Looking at the mountains and looking for holes in Jiangyou is not only fascinated by the misty green hills in the distance, but also dumped by the shallow blue pool water nearby. As the poet said in Biekuangshan when he was young, its peaks are picturesque, vines are swaying, wild trails are barking, ancient trees and apes are crying, its haze is flying all over the sky, and Shan Ye is quiet. I think the poet Li Bai should be "but through all these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing?" .
In Kuangshan, Li Bai once worshipped Taoist Dongyanzi as a teacher and watched Ten Flowers in Penglai. He also learned and practiced sword from the hermit Zhao Yan. Weizi is one of the birthplaces of Taoism, and Dong Yanzi and Zhao Kun are both famous Taoist scholars. At that time, Li Bai's study of Taoism was closely related to the attention paid to Taoism in the Tang Dynasty and the romantic feelings of poets, and his reading of Confucian poetry books was also dominated by the concept of actively entering the WTO and eager to make achievements. In the end, I'm afraid what Li Bai learned was just a "shortcut to the south" used by the politicians.
Li Bai left Shu in his twenties to travel around the world. But Li Bai grew up in Shu township after all. The ingenuity of Shu people, the green mountains and green waters in Shu, and the ladder path will nourish his soul and give him fantastic imagination and desire to transcend his poems. Bashu is full of bizarre talents and aloof people, and Jinguancheng is also a place where gold and wine are sold and sensual enjoyment is emphasized. This place "not connected with Qin Sai for 48,000 years" gave him room to give full play to his personality. A family has no genealogy, and even its real name can't be confirmed. Later, it refers to people with the surname Fu, who read strange books, read hundreds of books, learn to be rangers and miscellaneous.
Perhaps it has something to do with the poet's uninhibited personality, the spiritual edification of foreign cultures and the influence of Ren Xia, Laozi and metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, or the inclusiveness of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The poet of Song Mad Debate Confucius lives naturally and writes unrestrained poems, but he is good at Yuefu. The ancients talked about poetry in the same breath as Xing, but they did not advocate using poetry to express things. But one feature of Li Bai's poems is writing. At present, modern poets' new poems are tired of the management of lyricism, symbolism and imagery, but they also return to understanding, enjoying narration and capturing details. This reminds me of Li Bai's "How beautiful she looks, opening the pearly casement and sitting with a frown. Now you can see the bright tears on her cheeks, but not the man she loves so painfully." It seems that the poets 1300 years ago provided a model for today's poets to explore in their simple, clear and meticulous narratives. Of course, Li Bai's poems are more positive romantic works that are bold, free and easy, enterprising and elegant. And some of his wonderful works, as Wang Guowei said: "Taibai is pure in weather,' the sunset of the west wind, the tomb of the Han family', and several big characters, so it has been closed for generations."
Talking about Li Bai is inseparable from poetry, women and wine. This elegant and aloof poet has more than 1000 poems, of which 170 poems are related to drinking, and 130 poems are related to women. Therefore, Li Bai's detractors call it "women and wine in nine out of ten poems".
As far as wine is concerned, everyone knows that there are many good wines in Sichuan. Five of the top ten famous wines in China are produced in Sichuan, and they are called "Five Golden Flowers", all of which are produced in the edge of Sichuan Basin. I think Li Bai's drinking habits are also related to many fine wines in Sichuan. Jiangyou and Mianyang are also one of the famous wine producing areas. In fact, the production of wine is quite similar to that of poetry, that is, both are the purification of essence. Of course, the birth of wine doesn't seem wonderful, because the juice from the rotten fruit drank the ape-man and became the earliest fruit wine. After rice deteriorated, white wine was produced, and rice wine was born. As Akhmatova said, "Poetry originated from garbage", which seems to be polluted, but it is a new generation of thoroughly remoulded. Someone once compared prose to rice and poetry to wine. Rice is something to satisfy hunger, and the function of wine is to get drunk, which is precisely the highest realm of aesthetics. The wine in the Tang Dynasty should be rice wine, because liquor was only produced in the Yuan Dynasty, so rice wine between rice and wine is called prose. The writing state of poetry is quite similar to that of drunkards. As Goethe said, "Only when you enter the unconscious can you become a genius". Unconsciousness is a kind of "translucent spiritual night, which hides the root of all the strength of the soul". In it, intellectual imagination, desire, love and emotional power * * * participate in this fundamental activity, allowing poets to capture more things than philosophical dreams, which is a kind of freedom to create the spirit. As for the women involved in the poem, in my opinion, it is not Li Bai who really understands filth, but the detractors. How can I have you without a woman? Moreover, poetry, as the most emotional literary style, does not express love, affection and friendship, but it is incomprehensible. The style of the work lies in the use of language. Compared with those flowery and embroidered words, poems made of blood and fire will make people see the difference between solemnity and thinness. Liu Xizai pointed out in "An Outline of Art": "Taibai's poems are excellent in speech, immortal in speech, wine in speech, and female in speech, and they are inspired by Yuefu. Readers may think they are real, but they are not superficial. " I think this is the best answer to Li Bai's detractors.
Of course, drinking with prostitutes is caused by the extravagant wind in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. At that time, "both the imperial court and the local shepherd were literati, and watching prostitutes dance and entertaining prostitutes prevailed." "Green Mud Lotus" in the Ming Dynasty said, "Prostitutes are skilled. This is just a skill, a bamboo dance and a piano game. " From this point of view, prostitutes in the Tang Dynasty are the floorboard of song and dance artists. According to "Tang Yao Hui", Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once issued a decree that all officials with more than five grades could keep bamboo and prostitutes at home. Prostitute music is called palace prostitute in court, camp prostitute in palace, official prostitute in local government and domestic prostitute in private house. They belong to music books and are managed by Jiao Fang Branch. It is natural for Li Bai to avoid vulgarity in a social atmosphere like the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It is also natural for poets to write works in this field. What matters is not what the poet wrote, but how he wrote it.
Li Bai grew up in Shu, then traveled abroad, crossed Dongting in the south, crossed wuyue in the east and lived in Anlu. Later, it went to Taiyuan in the north, Qilu in the east and moved to Rencheng. The poet always missed his homeland and continued to write poems with Zhao Yan, a teacher and friend of Kuangshan. Mr. An Qi once pointed out that the poem "Difficult Travel in Shu" was written by Li Bai when he begged General Chang 'an to leave for the first time in the 18th and 19th century of Kaiyuan. He thought that Li Bai "struggled for nearly a year and suffered setbacks everywhere" and "used the difficulties of Shu Road to express the frustrations in the world and express his resentment in his chest". However, some people think that in the depths of this emotion, it is Li Bai's homesickness for Shu that beats. The myth of Shu, which originated from the magnificent fantasy of his poems, expresses Li Bai's potential psychology of bumpy career and loss of meaning through metaphor. And his homesickness, in his later work "Seeing Rhododendron in Xuancheng", is even more tearful: "Shu has become a disciplined bird, and Xuancheng still sees Rhododendron, which is broken at a call and recalled in March and March."
When Li Bai was ill in bed, he was recommended by Taoist Wu Yun and Princess Yu Zhen, and was announced to enter Beijing by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Three years later, he was finally regarded as a "non-gallery temple" by the emperor and was "returned with gold". In fact, in essence, the poet is not a temple, but a discerning person in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Let Li Bai be so "emperor" and write some poems praising the imperial concubine, just for fun. What's the difference with those "ladies-in-waiting"? Perhaps the return of Li Bai's official career just made him a poet. The so-called "poetry is poor and backward" and "the country is unfortunate and the poet is lucky". Without a bumpy career, how can there be such a great poem as "Difficult Road to Shu"?
Writing here, I remembered the origin of Li Bai's "violet laity". People often think that the poet calls himself a violet layman because his hometown is called violet. In fact, Qinglian Township was originally an incorruptible township, and Zongshu said that incorruptible township was named after Lian Quan of ancient Changming. Yu Dou Luo went to Zhu Xi, which Sanskrit called "an excellent bowl of flowers", clean, fragrant, clean and free from dust. Taibai named it himself, so I doubt it. Li Bai studied Buddhism and Zen after middle age, which is probably the spiritual sustenance after his career was frustrated. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the change from Clean Township to Qinglian Township was caused by the native land to commemorate the poet.
It has been 1300 years since Li Bai died. Today, people can not only feel the endless artistic charm, the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the poet's pursuit of human nature in his poems, but also see the beautiful scenery of Lingshan and the unique regional culture of his hometown, and appreciate the context of some poems that still exist today. In Jiangyou, people look up to the universe and cherish the soul of poetry. There are mountains named after him on the moon and a "Taibai" tourist train named after him on the earth. Li Bai Memorial Hall, Taibai Forest of Steles, Taibai Park, Dakuangting and Taibai Building have also been built or are under planning. Jiangyou, a small town, is full of Li Bai's bones, poems and legends. It seems that Jiangyou should be called Li Bai's Jiangyou.
In Jiangyou, when I paid my respects to Li Bai, I wrote an ancient poem "Li Bai's cenotaph", which is copied as follows, which is the end of this article-
Poetry hides lofty sentiments, wine contains immortals, and it is difficult for Shu township to know Shu Dao.
The laity has gone to violet, and there are only old clothes in the tomb.