Appreciation of the Original Text of Pre-Qin Prose Zhuangzi Zhile (Excerpt)
When Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko hung it, while Zhuangzi was singing. Keiko said, "Living with people, the eldest son, old age, and physical death, it is enough not to cry, but also to sing with drums and pots." Zhuangzi said, "Otherwise. It's the beginning and the end, and I can't be alone! Look at its beginning, there is no life, there is no life, there is no invisible, and there is no gas. Miscellaneous between mans fluorene (11), changed into qi, qi changed into tangible, deformed into life, and now changed into death, which is the same as spring, autumn and winter and summer at four o'clock (12). People are lying in the giant room (13), and I cry with it (14), thinking that I can't live (15), so I stop (16). "
Note ① Keiko: Hui Shi; Hanging, condolence. 2 party: being; Sitting on a dustpan, one's feet extend straight and diverge, which looks like a dustpan. The ancients sat on the floor with their knees on the ground and their hips on their heels. Sitting on a basket is an informal way of sitting, indicating a contemptuous attitude; Sing with drums and pots, and sing with beats; Drum, beat. ③ Living together. 4 eldest son: having children. ⑤ What: Too much. ⑥ Yes: refers to Zhuangzi's wife. ⑦ Outline: The appearance of being generous, generous, sighing and sad. ⑧ Check: Investigate and infer; At first, initially; Life, life. Pet-name ruby: form. ⑩ Qi: refers to the elements that constitute the human body. (11) Mansfluorene: trance. (12) Yes: refers to the life and death changes of Zhuangzi's wife. (13) Yan Ran: the appearance of rest; The giant room refers to the space between heaven and earth. (14)(21) Alas (jiao sounds) Alas: crying. A whining sound. (15) access: access; Life, here refers to the natural change of life. (16) Stop: Stop crying.
Zhuangzi's wife died, and Keiko went to pay her respects, but Zhuangzi was sitting with her feet stretched out, banging on the basin and singing. Keiko said, "It's too much to live with your wife and have children for you until you are old and die. Now, it's enough for you not to cry, and it's too much to sing on the basin!" Zhuangzi said, "That's not true. How can I not be sad when my wife just died! But when she was first studied, there was no life; Not only is there no life, but there is no body; Not only does it have no body, but it doesn't even have' qi'. Mixed in the trance, after change, there is qi. After change, qi has a shape. After change, the shape has a life. Now it has changed to death. Her life and death change is like running at four o'clock in spring, summer, autumn and winter. She rested quietly between heaven and earth, but I cried along with it. I thought I didn't understand the truth of life by crying like this, so I stopped crying. "
Comment on Qing Lin Yunming's The Cause of Zhuangzi: "Zhuangzi is definitely a close lover, and this sentence ('It was his beginning and death') speaks for itself."
He added, "It makes no difference to sleep with death. It's amazing to talk about it, but he can say it."
Qing Wu Shishang's Interpretation of Zhuangzi: "It's really incomprehensible, it's really unbearable."
And: "Being sensible and reasonable, feeling too forgetful, is still a decorative word."
Qing Hu Wenying's "A Lonely View of Zhuangzi": "The word" song ","general "and" cry "are the clues in the text. "
again:" The word' manfluorene' is inherited from the previous node. "
Qing Liu Fengbao's South China Snow Heart Compilation: "There are six levels of grammar in the twenty-two characters (referring to' and human settlements, below), or three words into sentences, or two words into sentences, so as to see the strangeness in detail. "
and:" Answer him not to cry but to sing. Death is not enough to mourn. It is a great achievement for know life, not an affectation. "
also: "This passage is a complete life and death, and it is wonderful when compared with the paragraphs in the internal article" The Great Master "."
Zhuangzi believes that life and death of human beings, like the change of seasons, is the result of natural changes, so death is not enough to be sad, and life is not enough to be happy. It can be seen from the so-called "it's the beginning and the end, and I can't be alone" that Zhuangzi is not totally inhuman. He thinks that after his wife's death, he "died in a huge room", took off his physical fatigue, and returned to the beginning from "end", which is worth celebrating, so he "drummed and sang". This passage shows Zhuangzi's philosophical analysis and transcendence of secular human feelings in his view of life and death.
Chu of Zhuangzi ①, see Empty Calvary ②. ? "However, it is tangible, and I beat it with a horse, so I asked it, saying," Is the master greedy for life and unreasonable? The son will have a matter of national subjugation. 6. The axe will kill him, and why not? Will the son have a bad trip and be ashamed of the ugliness of his parents and wife? Will the child suffer from cold and hunger, and why? The spring and autumn of the general and this (1)? " So the language pawn (11), help skull (12), pillow and lie down. In the middle of the night, Calvary saw a dream and said (13): "The talker of the son is like a debater. Depending on the son's words, all strangers are tired (14), and death is nothing. What is the saying that the son wants to hear death (15)? " Zhuangzi said, "Of course". Calvary said, "When you die, there is no monarch above you, no minister below you, and there are no four seasons (16). Therefore, heaven and earth are regarded as the spring and autumn period (17), although Wang Le in the south cannot pass (18)." Zhuangzi didn't believe it, saying, "I brought Si Ming back to life (19)" is the skin of his son's flesh and blood (2), but his parents and wife are ignorant (21). What does he want? "Calvary deep? He said (22): "I can abandon Wang Le in the south and return to the work of the world!"
note ①: to, to. (2) the skull (du lou sound poison building): that is, the skull, the skull of the dead. ③ ? (xiao Yin Xiao) Ran: The appearance of bare bones. ④ ④ "qiao": percussion; Beat, whip ⑤ To become like this means to die. 6 will: or. ⑦ Cheng (yue Yin Yue): Weapon, axe. 8 Legacy (wei Phoneme): Give, leave. ⑨ Hungry (nei's inner voice): Hungry. Attending Spring and Autumn Period: Age refers to life span. (11) language pawn: after speaking. (12) aid: lead and pull. (13) See: universal appearance. (14) Tired: Burden, here refers to worry. (15) Say (yue Yinyue): Tong Yue, happy. (16) Four seasons: refers to the toil of the four seasons. (17) Cong (zong Yin Zong) ran: laissez-faire and unrestrained; From, through. (18) South: In ancient times, sitting in the north facing south was the highest position, so when the emperors and princes saw the ministers, they all sat in the south; Wang Le, the joy of being an emperor; Pass, exceed. (19) Si Ming: God in charge of human life; Resurrect the sub-shape, so that your body can be resurrected. (2) refers to recovery. (21) reverse: return together, return; Lu Li, a neighbor; Knowledge refers to people you know and are familiar with. (22)“?” (pin audio): frown; "Lu" (e is hungry), the bridge of the nose.
When Zhuangzi went to the State of Chu, he saw an empty skeleton on the road, and the dead bones were completely exposed. Zhuangzi beat the skeleton with his whip and asked it, "Are you like this because you are greedy for life and harm reason?" Or did it become like this because the country was destroyed and the axe was cut? Or did you do something bad, afraid to bring shame to your parents and wife and become like this? Or did you suffer from hunger and cold and become like this? Or have you lived long enough to die of old age? " Zhuangzi say that finish, pulled up the skull and lay down with it. In the middle of the night, the skeleton said in a dream, "Listen to your talk, you are probably a lobbyist. But I think what you said is all the worries of the living, and if you die, there will be no such thing. Do you want to hear about the happiness after death? " Zhuangzi said, "OK." The skeleton said: "After death, there is no monarch in the world and no courtiers in the world. Not only that, but also there is no toil in spring, summer, autumn and winter all year round. Being free and living with heaven and earth is as happy as being a king on earth, and it is not as good as these!" Zhuangzi didn't believe it, and said, "I asked the God in charge of life to restore your body, give you new skin of flesh and blood, and let you go back to your parents, wives, villagers and acquaintances. Will you?" The skeleton frowned deeply and looked very worried. He said, "How can I give up the joy of being a king and put up with the hard work on earth again?"
Comment on Ming Wang Zongmu's South China Classics: "This question-and-answer style is one section deep. "Zhuangzi", but this article is profound. There are thousands of Zen books, and this has never happened. "
Qing Liu Fengbao's "South China's Snow Heart": "Ask questions" is a wonderful idea; Lying on the pillow', a wonderful scene, causing dreams at midnight. "
again: "a dream out of thin air gives birth to a witty article."
again: "Wang Le in the south, take it for granted, and make witty remarks."
and: "This passage starts from Calvary, which is very strange. The skull has lost the interest of strangers, and the situation of the deceased is well known. It is better to be happy to die than to be tired when you are born. It is obvious that after you are born, you will camp by camp, such as a silkworm tying itself, and you can't get rid of it. Death is called suspension, so the tired people are empty and how easy to get rid of it. The king of the south is not easy to enjoy this, not to mention his health, rich taste, beautiful clothes, lewdness and dispensable voice. Five questions in succession, strewn at random, death is different and fatigue is the same, the side of poplar and green maple, sorrow for all ages, turning to the coke of the dead, not talking about the joy of death, not enough to see the sorrow of life, after all, life and death are the same, what is the difference between sadness and joy. Being able to adapt yourself to clearing away deficiency without being tired of being a skeleton will be very enjoyable. The first picture is heckled layer by layer, feeling unprovoked, and if there is sorrow, it will start at the end. The last picture says that the hard work of life is not as fast as the death, which is awakening the obsession for the greedy. "
The general case that the skull is unwilling to come back to life reflects the social reality that people in troubled times are threatened by war, national subjugation and freezing hunger at any time, and their lives are not guaranteed. Therefore, Zhuangzi thinks that living is a drag, but death is a joy. In essence, this section is not so much an expression of Zhuangzi's despairing thoughts about life and society as an expression of his cynical thoughts. The world of death described here has something in common with the ideal world expressed by Zhuangzi in other chapters, and both of them show the ideal that no one oppresses others, others exploit others and everyone is free. However, the world is full of cunning, deception and suffering. Therefore, Zhuangzi's longing for the world of death should not be regarded as a negative and decadent thing in general, but should be seen as a negative meaning to the real world.