Flying around, what am I like? But sandpipers in the vast world! .
Appreciate:
The first half of the poem describes the scene of "night tour": the breeze blows the fine grass on the river bank, and the high-mast boat is moored alone on the moonlit night. At that time, Du Fu was forced to leave Chengdu. In October this year, he resigned as our staff officer, and in April, his good friend Yanwu, who lived in Chengdu, passed away. In this remote place, I decided to leave East Sichuan. Therefore, this is not a vague description of the scenery, but a feeling of the scenery. Through the description of the scenery, his situation and feelings are expressed: as small as grass on the river bank and as lonely as a boat in the river. The third and fourth sentences write a vision: the stars are low and Ye Ping is vast; The moon surges with the waves, and the river flows eastward. These two sentences are magnificent, profound and have always been praised. What does the poet feel in these two sentences? Some people think it is "open-minded" (Pu Qilong's Reading Du Xin Jie), while others think it is a feeling of "happiness" (see Tang Poems, Du Fu's Five Laws). Obviously, this poem is about the poet's tragic wandering situation in his later years, and the above two explanations only emphasize the literal meaning of the poem, which is unconvincing. In fact, the poet wrote about the vast Ye Ping, the mighty rivers and the splendid stars and moons just to reflect his lonely image and sad mood. This technique of writing sadness with joy is often used in classical works. For example, "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei" and "I have gone far away, and there is another village", how touching it is to set off the sadness of the soldiers who went to war with the beautiful scenery of spring!
The second half of the poem is "Shu Huai". The fifth and sixth sentences say that I am a little famous. Where is it because my article is good? An official should retire because he is old and ill. This is irony, and this idea is implicit. The poet is famous for his great political ambition, but he has been suppressed for a long time and cannot display it, so his fame is actually due to his articles, which is really not what he wants. Du Fu was really old and sick at this time, but his retirement was mainly due to being excluded, not being old and sick. This shows the injustice in the poet's mind and reveals that political frustration is the fundamental reason for his wandering loneliness. Regarding the meaning of this couplet, it is probably inappropriate to say that it is "the language of self-blame without blame" ("Du Shi Shuo"), and Qiu said that it is "the five belong to self-modesty, and the six belong to self-interpretation" ("Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection"). The last two sentences say, what does it look like to float all over? It's like Europe in the wide world. Considering the situation at that time, the poet expressed his sadness. The water and sky are vast, and Sha Ou falls; People, like Sha Ou, move in the rivers and lakes. This couplet is lyrical by borrowing scenery, which profoundly shows the wandering sadness in the poet's heart. It is really touching.
Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Although there are differences between the heart and the object, the scenery gives birth to feelings, and the feelings give birth to the scenery, ... hiding each other's homes." Scenery, Tibet and mutual residence, that is, feelings in the scene, feelings in the scene. The former writes scenes suitable for expressing the poet's feelings, so that the feelings are hidden in the scenery; The latter does not write in abstraction, but hides the scenery in writing. Du Fu's poem "A Night Outside" is an example in classical poetry where scenes live next to each other and houses block each other.
The whole poem is full of scenery and emotion, and there is affection in the scene. The whole poem is full of vigor and vitality. With the contrast between scenes, a wandering image independent of heaven and earth is set off, and the whole poem is filled with deep and dignified loneliness. This is a portrayal of the poet's life experience.
In 768, the late poet finally sailed out of the Three Gorges and came to Jingmen, Hubei Province, feeling lonely.
The first four sentences are "night tour": there is a breeze on the shore and there is only one leaf on the river. Just stay on the shore and live on the boat. Looking at Yuan Ye in the distance, the sky and the earth seem to meet in the distance, and the stars on the horizon seem to droop very close to the ground. Among the great rivers, the river flows eastward, and a bright moon is reflected in the river, floating with the flow of the river. The stars landed on the shore and the moon surged in front of the ship. Yuan Ye's vastness is described by "falling stars", and river of no return is described by "moon surge", which vividly and meticulously depicts the night scene on the river. Only on the vast yuan, can you feel the "star falling"; Only through its "falling star" can we see the vastness of vilen. And there is a "moon surge" in the river, which can reflect the flow direction of the river; Only because of the flow of the river can you feel the "moon surge". "Starfall" and "Moon Surge" are exquisite ways to express spaciousness, and the first four sentences create a spacious and extraordinary quiet and lonely night scene by the river.
The last four books are Huai: "I hope my art can bring me fame". His fame is not obvious because of his political ambitions, but because of his articles. This book is not his own ambition, so to say "qi" shows his indignation that his political ideal cannot be realized. When it comes to "liberating my sick old age from the office!" The poet resigned from his office, not because he was old and ill. The poet didn't directly say what the reason was. It is wrong to say "should", which shows the grief and indignation of the old poet. Facing the vast and lonely Yuan Ye, I think of my own suffering and feel helpless. I am like ou, in this lonely night, there is no dependence between heaven and earth. According to Sha Ou's own situation, this means self-injury.