Cao Xueqin
Flowers fade, flowers fly all over the sky, and who will pity if the red disappears and the fragrance disappears? The spring pavilion floats softly, and the falling wool touches the embroidered curtain. The daughter in the boudoir cherishes the twilight of spring and looks sad. Hoe flowers out of embroidered curtains with your hands and endure falling flowers again and again? The pods of willows and elms come from wheat straw, regardless of whether peaches float with Li Fei. Peaches and plums can be delivered next year. Who do you know in the boudoir next year? When the fragrant nest was first built in March, Liang Jianyan was so heartless! Although you can peck flowers next year, it is impossible for people to go to an empty nest. 360 days a year, the wind and sword are threatening. When will it shine? Once you drift, it's hard to find. Flowers are easy to see but hard to find, and those who bury them are worried. Stealing flowers and hoes and crying alone, watching the blood stains on the branches in the sky. The cuckoo was silent at dusk, and the lotus hoe returned to cover the heavy door. When the blue light shone on the wall, people began to sleep, but the window was not warm. The strange farmer's ass is twice as depressed, half pity and half chagrin. Flow spring suddenly to bother, and to silence. Last night, I sent a sad song outside the court, knowing that it was a flower soul and a bird soul? The soul of a flower and a bird is always hard to stay, and the bird is ashamed of itself without words. May Nong have wings this day and fly to the end of the day with flowers. The day is over! Where is Xiangshan? Hide the wind without a trick. Clean up the quality, clean it up, and don't let the pollution sink into the ditch. I'm going to die and be buried today. I don't know when Nong will die The man who buried the flowers is laughing today, but who did he know when he buried them? Let's see the residual flowers of spring gradually falling, which is the time when beauty dies of old age. There is no sad song for me, I don't know what happened.
In China's ancient poetry creation, there is a kind of "first-person narrator" poetry. It originated from the people, and there are many works by literati. This kind of poems use the tone of first-person monologue to create the image of lyric heroes (mostly women), and the title is often marked with the word "Dai", such as "Dai Bei Pulsatilla" in the early Tang Dynasty and "Dream of Dreams" by Zhang. The first-person narrator's poems without the word "Dai" include Li Bai's Long March and A Journey to Jiangxia. In Ming and Qing novels, the poems of some characters in some books are actually the endorsements of the novel authors. Some works have completely independent artistic value. There are many poems and songs in A Dream of Red Mansions belonging to the first-person narrator, among which Lin Daiyu and coronach bear the brunt. Putting this poem in the poetry of the Qing Dynasty is also a lyric masterpiece.
The "I" in the poem, that is, the lyric protagonist Lin Daiyu, is a wicked girl who lost her maternal love very early and died her father one after another. She is highly educated, intelligent and extremely sensitive to the environment. Living in Jia's house, you often feel dependent on others. This has developed her narrow-mindedness and cleanliness. By the age of Descendants, all the young men around him, except one Jia Baoyu, were muddy people. Although she and Baoyu have actually fallen in love, due to various internal and external reasons, it is difficult to confess to each other and they can only keep trying. This has led to the embarrassing situation of "getting bored for a while". The day before the flowers were buried, she went to Yee Hong Yuan. Qingwen and Bi Hen had just quarreled. They heard a knock at the door and didn't ask who it was, but they couldn't open it. This unexpected setback hurt the sensitive girl Lin's feelings. Later, it caused her to bury flowers and this sad and stubborn "flower burial". The emotional feature of this poem is the heroine's habit of "loneliness" and "purity".
From "flowers fade, flowers fly all over the sky, red fragrance disappears, and there is only pity" to "cherish spring and suddenly go to bother, and then have nothing to say" In the poem, there are sentimental scenes of late spring flowers falling and girls burying flowers. The girl looked at the flowers raining like snow all over the sky, and her heart was very sad. She couldn't help hoeing the flowers, wanted to bury Xiangyu, lingered for a long time, cried bitterly, and then went back to the cold boudoir to take a nap. Although this picture was conceived by Cao Xueqin, its language materials and some plots are not empty. There is a quip in Liu Tang Yi Xi's "A Generation of Sad Pulsatilla": "Where are the peaches and plums flying eastward in Luoyang? Luoyang daughter cherishes color and sighs every fallen flower. The color of fallen flowers has changed this year. Who will be there next year? ..... The ancients have never recovered since Luocheng East, but today people are still out of the wind. Flowers are similar every year, and people are different every year. " Almost all of these essences have been absorbed by Cao Xueqin. His literary talent and tone are really evil: "Flowers fade all over the sky, and who will be pitied if the fragrance disappears?" ..... The daughter in the boudoir cherishes the twilight of spring and is full of melancholy. Hoe flowers out of embroidered curtains with your hands and endure falling flowers again and again? Willow likes pods made of wheat straw, whether peach blossoms float with Li Fei. Peaches and plums can be delivered next year. Who do you know next year? In the Ming Dynasty, Tang Bohu Zuliu wrote a poem "Drinking under Flowers": "Today another flower blooms. Tomorrow, let's see who it is Will it bloom today next year? Who knows today and next year. "Song of the Year" says: "There are 360 days in a year, and 90 days in spring, summer, autumn and winter. It is the most difficult to get hot in Leng Xia in winter, and it is as cold and hot as a knife. This poem can be seen. The difference is that the description here is more delicate (such as "gossamer floating in the spring pavilion, falling flowers touching the embroidered curtain"), while the description in Wang Yang is more wanton (such as "stealing flowers and hoeing tears alone, sprinkling blood on the branches above"), especially the plot is more-mainly the idea of "burying flowers", which is simply a wonderful invention!
However, what really belongs to Cao Xueqin's heart is from "elegy outside the court last night, knowing that it is the soul of flowers and birds" to the end of the article, that is, the second half of the poem. It's amazing! "Cao Shizhen deserves to be a great novelist. He made up the details of a midnight song here, which was creepy. Just like the seventy-fifth time when I wrote "The Night Banquet with Different Signs", the deep sigh from the wall of the ancestral temple made the people at the banquet creepy. The heroine guessed that the elegy came from either the flower soul or the bird soul, which was wonderful, but it was in line with her mood and personality characteristics. The following is a fantasy that suddenly arises from a bird's soul's difficulty in staying, hoping to give birth to wings like a bird, let it fly away with fallen flowers, and then make a setback with a short sentence: "doomsday! Where is Xiangshan? "It seems that there is no place to rest on the horizon, so it is better to bury flowers." If you haven't made up your mind, a glass of wine can cover your romantic life. Clean quality, clean, don't let pollution sink into the ditch. "These words really write off Daiyu's cleanliness. She is such a "lonely forest in the world". In order to keep her beauty, she will not hesitate to pursue perfection. Although these words are very empty, they involve the dirty male world around her, which is made up of dudes named Xue Jia. This sentence "Don't let pollution sink into the ditch" should have a very real content. This paragraph describes flowers and people, sometimes if they are, sometimes if they are separated, which is quite wonderful. "I died today and I was buried. When will I lose my body? The man who buried the flowers is laughing today. Who did he know when he buried them? "I will spend myself and myself. However, from loving flowers to self-pity, yellow silk young woman is the most wonderful. Very vividly depicts a kind and unfortunate, sad and sick, beautiful and lovely girl image. Since then, the image of Lin Daiyu has been deeply imprinted in the readers' minds and will never be forgotten. " We see that the spring flowers are gradually falling, which is the time when the beauty is dying. There is no sad song for me, I don't know if the flowers fall and people die. "Here, flowers and people are United and fall into extreme sadness. This poem, which was cast with blood and tears, later became the poem of this pure girl.
Spring is over! Flowers fall! "death" Good things will inevitably be destroyed by relentless wind and rain, and it is impossible for the world to keep flowers and full moons for a long time. Why is God so heartless? Why is the world so cold! This is the "Tian Wen" issued by the author through the mouth of the girl Lin Daiyu. The central image of the whole poem is the person who buried the flowers-the lyric heroine Daiyu. The foil image is the buried flowers-the fallen flowers in late spring, and the background is the withered spring. It seems that these three are not related. And "suddenly come and go" youth, peaches and plums that fall easily, are symbolic and magical to the unlucky heroine. Therefore, spring, flowers and people are trinity in this sense. Here, readers can see the poet's ability to create environment. The rhyme of funeral poems basically belongs to the variant of "four unique styles" and has a reciprocating and coherent rhythm and melody; The language of the whole poem is natural and literary, which is in line with the identity of a well-educated lady. Cao Xueqin deserves to be a master of language.