This is a famous narrative poem, centering on the "Song of Eternal Sorrow", which vividly depicts the touching love story and tragic ending of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei. Among them, the quite complicated plot only needs a few simple sentences to explain the past, focusing on the rendering of feelings. The poet wrote the causes of the tragedy from the perspective of reflection, but also expressed sympathy and regret for the protagonist in the tragedy. The whole poem is tactfully and delicately written, but elegant and elegant, without any exquisiteness. It is a tragedy, but it is so detached. This is the perfect combination of romance and classicism. It makes people sad after reading it, and it is worthy of being a swan song.
There has always been a debate about the theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow. Or criticize "Han Huang's heavy color" and mistake the country; Or the cloud sings Li Yang's love; Or both. However, the value of literary works is not limited to "theme". Judging from the author's creative intention, "Song of Eternal Sorrow" means "Song of Eternal Sorrow", which celebrates the everlasting sorrow of love. Bai Juyi said that "a song of everlasting regret is full of amorous feelings" ("at the end of the title, a clumsy poem was compiled into fifteen volumes, which were given to Yuan, Jiu and Li for acting"), so it can be seen that the author wrote this poem for "a variety of amorous feelings". This poem is divided into four paragraphs. The first is to write passionate love scenes, highlighting Yang's beauty and Xuanzong's infatuation with her, and satirizing Xuanzong's mistake of state affairs because of his lust for women. Write about the death of the mutinous princess, the tragic cast, and Xuanzong's heartbroken. This is the extreme contrast between sadness, joy, honor and disgrace. It is human nature to rewrite things, and it is an unforgettable hopeless yearning. Finally, write the long hatred between man and nature. Therefore, the thought and hate that turned from joy to sadness formed the emotional context of the whole poem, in which the causal relationship was close and clear.
Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow
original text
The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it. Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her.
However, due to the gift of heaven and no concealment, it was finally elected royal one day. If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.
It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin. Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up, when the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride.
On the night of spring, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head. But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.
He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is the lover of spring and the tyrant of night. There are other ladies in his court, 3,000 of whom are stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one person.
The golden house is dressed up to serve the night. When the table in the jade tower is cleaned, she will wander around and drink wine slowly. Sisters and brothers are in this country because she illuminates and glorifies her family.
When a girl is born instead of a boy, she brings happiness to every father and mother in the empire. ... high rose plum palace, into the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carries magical notes.
Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes will never stare at her. Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes.
The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust and travels southwest from thousands of chariots and horses. The imperial flag opened the way, suddenly moving and stopping, 30 miles from the capital and passing the west gate.
People in the army stop, and no one will move until they are under their hooves. They may trample on those moths. The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird.
The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears. Hidden in the yellow dust blown by the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack in the path of the dagger tower.
Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, and the flags and banners lost their colors in the fading sun. But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky.
He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the rain at dusk, cutting his chest. When I returned to Yulong this day, the emperor clung to it and refused to leave.
The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? . Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, cried on their coats. They rode horses, loosened the reins and slowly returned to the capital.
Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow. But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? .
Spring breeze blows on your face, peaches and plums bloom at night, and autumn leaves fall all over the ground after autumn rain. The palaces in the west and south are scattered with evening grass, and the steps are piled with red leaves that are not swept.
Bai Fuxin, a disciple of Li Yuan, and eunuchs in her pepper yard. . Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. , he will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ..
Bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear. And the porcelain mandarin ducks on the roof grow thick morning cream, and the jade is cold. Who's with * * *?
The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream. There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration.
Thinking of the king, they begged the Taoist priest to see if he could find her. He opened a path in space, like lightning, cut through the sky, up and down, looking for it everywhere.
Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in two places. Then he heard a story about a magical island at sea, which is part of the invisible world.
There are pavilions in the five-color sky, and exquisite immortals walk back and forth. And one of them, they call it forever true, has a face like her snow and flowers.
So he went to the golden gate of the West Hall, knocked on the Jasper Gate, and asked a girl named Small jade to tell Shuang Perfect. This lady, after hearing the news of Emperor China's envoy, woke up from her dream in her canopy.
She pushed open the pillow, got dressed, shook off her drowsiness, opened the pearly curtain, and then opened the silver screen. Ji Yun is half asleep, and her flowered hat is loose when she walks along the balcony.
A breeze blew her cloak and fluttered with her movements, as if she were dancing with a rainbow skirt and feather coat. Tears rolled down her sad and pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers.
But when she asked him to thank her monarch, her eyes shone with love. Since they separated, her form and voice were unfamiliar to her. Because happiness ends in the courtyard of the sun, the moon and dawn become long in the palace of Xianshan.
But when she turned to look down at the earth and tried to see the capital, there was only fog and dust. So she took out the keepsake he gave, and gave him a shell box and a gold hairpin through his messenger.
However, one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box were kept, and the gold of the hairpin and the shell of the box were broken. "Our souls belong to each other," she said, "just like this gold and this shell." Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will be together.
She sent him a message through his messenger, reminding him that only the hearts of the two of them knew the oath. On the seventh day of the seventh month, in the palace of longevity, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world:
We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one, grow on the earth, two branches of a tree ... the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever!
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Emperor Han valued the beauty of the whole country and was determined to find a peerless beauty. Unfortunately, I haven't found it for many years. There is a girl in the Yang family who has just grown up. No one has ever seen her face in the boudoir. Natural beauty can not be buried, and finally was chosen to be with the emperor. She turned to smile and showed all kinds of charm at the same time. The pink, white and green in the sixth house all faded at once. It's cold in spring, giving Huaqing Pool a bath, and the hot springs are slippery, washing her skin like condensed oil. The maid helped her out of the bath. She was lazy and weak. At this time, the first grace came. Flowers generally look like clouds, and jinbu shakes his head and shivers. Beautiful spring night, spring night is too short! How high was the sun before I opened my eyes, and I never got up early to meet the ministers again. Chasing happiness and serving banquets, she always revolves around the emperor. After the spring outing, it is spring, and the night is her exclusive. There are 3,000 beauties in the harem, and the love of 3,000 people is concentrated on her. At night in the palace, she dressed up to serve the holy king. I got drunk with her at Lou Yu's party. My sisters and brothers sealed a big country, so I envy others. A family is full of glory. Calling the world a parent's heart, I think it is better to have a boy than a girl.
The Summer Palace is high in the sky. Yue Xian is floating in the palace and can be heard all over the world. The ladies-in-waiting danced slowly, played the piano slowly and played the flute slowly. The emperor can't get enough of it all day. Who knows that the drums of Yu Yang's rebellion will knock the earth-shattering, and the colorful feathers will be shocked! Smoke and dust appeared in the imperial capital, and thousands of horses fled to the southwest. I've just walked a hundred miles, and I'm standing while walking. What can we do if the Sixth Army refuses to advance? Butterfly beauty died in front of the emperor's horseshoe. Her buds were thrown on the ground and nobody picked them up, as well as the jade on her head, her goldfinch and her bald head. The emperor hid his face and tried to save face. In retrospect, tears and blood flowed together. When the plank road is inserted into the clouds, it twists and turns on the Jiange, and the wind blows yellow dust, which is particularly bleak. There are not many pedestrians on Emei Road, and the sky has lost the luster of colorful flags. The sunshine is so thin. The river in Shuhe is so green, and the mountain in Shuhe is so green. It is difficult for the emperor to miss his feelings day and night. Looking at the moonlight in the palace is sad, and listening to the rain ringing the stack clock is also heartbroken.
Finally, one day, I returned to Beijing and came here-reluctant to leave. There is no land where beauty died in vain among the soil under Mawei slope. The monarch and his subjects looked at each other, their skirts shed tears, they looked east, and they believed that the horse would return to Beijing by reins. Come back to see the palace garden, the hibiscus in Taiye Pool and the willow in Weiyang Palace, which are still charming. Hibiscus flowers are more like her face, and willow leaves are more like her eyebrows. How can you not cry when you see a willow? Why can't you feel it? In this day when the spring breeze blows peach blossoms and plum blossoms, in this autumn when the plane leaves fall! The emperor's father lives in the west palace in the south, and the autumn grass is long and idle, and the leaves are not swept. At that time, the director of the pepper room was old, and the disciples in the pear garden had white hair on their heads. At night, fireflies flew over the palace, and the emperor's father quietly remembered. I can't sleep when I pick up the lonely lamp at night, only listening to the bells and drums in the palace ring slowly. The night is so long, look at the Milky Way still shining in the sky. It's almost dawn, not yet! The frost is so heavy, the Yuanyang tile above the house is so cold, and the jade is also cold. Who can unite? You're dead, I'm still alive. For a long time, I have never seen your soul enter my dream.
Lin Qiong has a Taoist priest practicing in Beijing. He can sincerely invite the dead. What can be moved is the deep affection of the emperor tossing and turning, which makes the alchemist tirelessly look for her. He flew like lightning for nine days, and then went down to the underworld, but he didn't see her. Suddenly I heard that there is a fairy mountain on the sea, in nothingness. Fairy mountain pavilions are as exquisite as colorful clouds, and there are many wonderful fairies. One of them is too real, with snow-like skin and fancy appearance, which sounds like the person he is looking for. When the alchemist arrived at the Fairy Palace, he knocked on the door of the West Chamber, and it was Sister-in-law Xiaoyu and Dong Shuangcheng who reported the news. When she heard that the Korean family sent envoys, she couldn't help but interrupt her dream at the fairy home Jiuhua account. Push the pillow, put on your coat and get out of bed. The screen and bead curtain are opened in turn. I saw that the bun on her head was half off. Before Carola could adjust it, she woke up and walked down the hall. The wind made her fairy dress fluttering and dancing, just like her dress and feather dance. Jade makes loneliness drop a pair of tears, like a pear flower with rain in spring. She thanked the king emotionally: since "Where are you going" is difficult to meet, there is no news. The love in Zhaoyang Temple has been cut off since then, and the sun and moon in Penglai Palace are so long! Looking down on the world, you can only see clouds, but you can't see Chang 'an. I can only show my affection for the old things and bring back two things, a gold hairpin and a box. One gold hairpin, one cymbal box, half of our family. As long as our hearts are as strong as gold and silver, we can always meet each other, although we are far away from heaven and earth! When I leave, there is another word that is very important. Only he and I know this oath. On the seventh day of July, there was no one in the Palace of Eternal Life, and we talked quietly: in the sky, we would like to be lovebirds forever, and on the ground, we would like to take water as the graft. It will come to an end one day, and this hatred will never be eliminated.
Brief introduction of the author
Bai Juyi (772-846) was born in Weinan, Shaanxi. In his early years, he was enthusiastic about helping the world, emphasizing the political function of poetry and trying to be popular. He wrote sixty poems, such as New Yuefu and Qin Zhongyin, which are as famous as Du Fu's Three Officials and Three Farewells. The long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Whispering" represent his highest artistic achievements. Tang Xianzong hangs his poem: "A teenager can solve a song of everlasting regret, and Hu Er can recite the pipa". Middle-aged people encounter setbacks in officialdom. "Since then, the career has been long-term, and the world has never been opened." But he still wrote many good poems and did many good things for the people. Hangzhou West Lake and Bai Causeway commemorate him. In his later years, he sent his feelings to the mountains and rivers, and also wrote some small characters.
explain
Song of everlasting regret is a famous poem by Bai Juyi, which was written in the first year of Yuanhe (806). This poem was written by him and his good friend Chen Hong, visiting Xianyou Temple and feeling the stories of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Tang Dynasty. In this narrative poem, the author tells the love tragedy between Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion with refined language, beautiful images, narrative and lyricism. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei are both historical figures. Poets do not stick to history, but rely on a little shadow of history. According to the legend of the people at that time, the singing of the neighborhood has degenerated into a tortuous and touching story, which is described and sung in a reciprocating and touching art form. Because the stories and characters in the poem are artistic, and they are the complex and true reappearance of people in reality, they can ripple in the hearts of readers in past dynasties.
The song of everlasting regret is the song of everlasting regret, which is the theme of the poem, the focus of the story and a touching seed buried in the poem. As for what you hate, why do you hate it for a long time? The poet does not tell and express directly, but shows it to readers layer by layer through his poetic stories, so that people can guess, remember and feel for themselves. The poem begins with the first sentence: "Emperor China wants beauty to shake the empire". In extremely frugal language, the poet describes how Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty emphasized color and sought color before the Anshi Rebellion, and finally got Yang Guifei, "As long as she smiles back, there will be hundreds of spells, and the famille rose of the Sixth Palace will go up in smoke". Described the beauty and charm of Yang Guifei, who was favored after entering the palace. She not only "inherited her kindness", but also "listed all her sisters and brothers in the soil". How to indulge in debauchery, how to have fun, and how to indulge in singing and dancing all day after repeatedly rendering the imperial concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. All this led to the Anshi Rebellion.
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"Until the drums of Yuyang shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes". This part describes the internal cause of "long hatred", which is the basis of the tragic story. The poet specifically described the scene that the emperor's army fled to the southwest after the Anshi Rebellion, especially the love between Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei was destroyed in this turmoil. "Everyone in the army stopped, and no one moved until they could trample those moths under their hooves. The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird. The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears. "It's about their scene in Where are you going, Maweipo." Six armies don't send ",demanding the execution of Yang Guifei.
The death of Yang Guifei is a key plot in the whole story. After that, their love turned into a tragedy. On his way to the southwest, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was surrounded by yellow dust, plank roads and high mountains. The sun is dim, the standard is dull, and autumn scenery is desolate. This is a sad autumn scenery to set off the sad thoughts of the characters. In Shu, facing the green mountains and green waters, we still can't forget ourselves. The mountains and water in Shu are beautiful, but in the lonely and sad eyes, the "green" of the mountains and the "blue" of the water are also sad. The beauty of nature should be appreciated with a quiet mind, but he didn't, so he increased his inner pain. This is to write beautiful feelings through beautiful scenery and make them deeper. The moonlight in the palace and the bell on a rainy night are already very exciting. The poet grasped these unusual but distinctive things and brought people into the realm of sadness and heartbreak. In addition, when they see and smell, they are intertwined, which also shows the sadness and sadness of the characters in language and tone. This is another floor.
After returning to Chang 'an, "ponds, gardens, palaces, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow. But petals are like her face, and willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? " . During the day, caused by the environment and scenery, people are associated with the scenery, and the scenery remains the same, but people are gone. I can't help bursting into tears. From the hibiscus flowers in Taiye Pool and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace, I seem to see the appearance of Yang Guifei, showing the extremely complicated and subtle inner activities of the characters. "Fireflies were flying on the throne, while he was meditating in the twilight. He will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep ... bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear. " From dusk to dawn, I focused on the situation that I couldn't sleep for a long time because of emotional thinking at night. This bitter yearning is like "peaches and plums bloom and the spring breeze blows" and "after the autumn rain, the fallen leaves return to their roots". It is sad to see that the "disciples of Liyuan" and "A Jian Qing E" in those days were all white-haired and their faces were withered, which reminded us of the happy thoughts of the past.
From the rambling of Huang Chen to the lush of Shushan, from rainy night in the palace to triumphant return, from day to night, from spring to autumn, we are moved by things everywhere, always thinking of people, and repeatedly rendering the protagonist's hard pursuit and search from all aspects. If you can't find it in real life, you will find it in your dreams. If you can't find it in your dream, go to fairyland. This kind of ups and downs, layer by layer rendering, let the characters' feelings swirl up and reach a climax. It is through this layer-by-layer rendering that the poet repeatedly expresses his feelings and goes back and forth, which makes the characters' thoughts and feelings more profound and rich, and makes the poetry "delicate in texture" and more artistic in appeal.
It is precisely because of the poet's rendering of the characters' feelings to such an extent that the arrival of the authentic land and the appearance of the fairyland behind it give people a sense of reality and will not be considered as mere castles in the air. From Lin Qiong Daotu Honggong to the end of the poem, Taoist helped Tang Xuanzong find Yang Guifei. Poets often use romantic techniques, from heaven to the earth. "Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the person he was looking for in either place." Later, Yang Guifei was found on the ethereal fairy mountain at sea, and was allowed to reappear in the fairyland with the image of "tears falling down her sad white face, like spring rain on pear flowers", warmly welcoming the envoys of the Korean family, expressing their feelings, sending messages in a symbolic way, reaffirming previous vows, taking care of Tang Xuanzong's thoughts about her, and further deepening and rendering the theme of "long hatred".
At the end of the poem, use "the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever;" One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever "to end the pen, point out the theme, respond to the beginning, realize" silence ",and give readers room for association and aftertaste.
As an immortal narrative poem, Song of Eternal Sorrow has a high artistic achievement. Throughout the ages, many people have affirmed the special artistic charm of this poem. What infected and seduced readers with the art of Song of Eternal Sorrow? Touching, I am afraid, is its greatest artistic personality, and it is also the power that it can attract readers, make them infected and tempted for a hundred years.
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