Don du fu
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Creative background:
This poem was written in March of the second year of Su Zong's visit to Germany (757). In June of the first year, the Anshi Rebellion invaded Chang 'an. "After three days, Dassault, all private wealth was plundered", and the city was set on fire, making the prosperous and magnificent Kyoto a ruin. In August of the first year, Du Fu placed his wife in Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, was captured on the way to Lingwu in the north, and was taken to Chang 'an after the fall. It's been over half a year. It was late spring, touching the scene and breaking my heart. I created the five laws that have been passed down for generations.
Vernacular translation:
Autumn in Beijing is just like mountains and rivers, and the urban areas are overgrown with weeds in spring.
I am worried and sad, but I will cry when I see the flowers bloom. It pains me to leave my family.
The war has not stopped in March, and the letters from home are precious and can be worth thousands of dollars.
I only scratch my head when I am depressed and upset, so that my white hair is sparse and I can't insert it.
Appreciate:
The first four sentences of this poem describe the miserable and dilapidated scene of Chang 'an in spring, with ups and downs. In the last four sentences, the poet's feelings of caring for relatives and state affairs are full of bitterness and indignation. The rhyme of the whole poem is rigorous. "Where the petals flow like tears" in the couplet should be the sigh of the first couplet, and "The lonely bird has sung her grief" should be the worry of homesickness in the couplet. The antithetical couplets emphasize the profound worries and the subtle antithesis, and their voices are tragic, which fully shows the poet's patriotic feelings.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." The beginning of the poem describes what I saw in spring: the mountains and rivers remain the same, but the capital has fallen, the city is ruined in the war, the grass grows and the trees are barren. The poet remembers how prosperous the spring in Chang 'an was, with birds singing and flowers fragrant, sheep flying, bright smoke and willows and tourists lingering, but that scene has disappeared today. A word "broken" is shocking, and another word "deep" is sad. The poet wrote about today's scenery, which truly expressed people's sense of history, pinned their feelings on things, and created a desolate atmosphere for the whole poem with the help of scenery. The two diametrically opposite images of "national destruction" and "urban spring" coexist, forming a strong contrast. "Spring in the city" refers to the season of lush flowers and trees and bright smoke in spring. However, due to the "destruction of the country", the decline of the nation and the fall of all countries, the glory of spring has disappeared, leaving only ruins and only "deep planting". The word "deeply planted" has a profound meaning, which means that Chang 'an City is not neat and orderly, but barren and dilapidated, sparsely populated and mixed with vegetation. Here, the poet sees that things are sad and shows a strong sadness of separation.
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." Flowers shed tears mercilessly, birds are frightened without hatred, and flowers and birds have grievances because of people. Flowers in spring are originally beautiful and fragrant; Birds in spring should cheer and sing euphemistic songs to make people happy. Whether it is "feeling for time" or "hating farewell", it embodies Du Fu's misery. The meaning of these two sentences can be understood as follows: I feel the frustration of the current situation and see the flowers bloom and fall; I feel depressed and resentful, and I feel scared when I hear birds singing. People's inner pain, when they meet happiness, will cause more pain, just like "I have been there, and there is another village;" Today, I think, this is how it rains. Du Fu inherited this artistic technique of expressing sadness with musical scenes, and endowed it with deeper feelings, and obtained stronger artistic effects. The poet felt the pain of national destruction and death. The more beautiful the scene, the more it will increase his inner pain. This kind of association creates feelings and empathizes with things through the description of scenery. It shows the poet's deep feelings of worrying about the country and the people and missing his family.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." The poet thought: The war has been going on for a spring and it is still not over. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was forced to flee to Shu, and Tang Suzong just succeeded to the throne. However, loyalists have not yet achieved a favorable situation and failed to recover Xijing. It seems that the war will last for a long time. I still remember that I was captured and locked up in the enemy camp. I haven't heard from my wife and children for a long time. Their lives are uncertain, and I don't know what happened. If only I could get a letter from home. "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" contains a lot of bitterness and expectation, which reflects the poet's urgent mood in the case of news isolation and long-awaited situation. War is the real reason why a letter from home is better than "10,000 yuan", and it is also the empathy of all the people in war-stricken countries. It reflects the good wishes of the broad masses of people to oppose war and look forward to peace and stability, which naturally makes people cry.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "When the war lasts for several months, the family will not believe it, and the worries of the country and the family will come to mind, and the internal and external troubles will be entangled. I have a miserable scene in front of me and I am extremely anxious. At this moment, I don't feel bored, scratch my head, hesitate, and my hair turns white. After leaving home, I have been wandering in the war and trapped in Chang' an for several months. I have less hair. I scratch my hair with my hands, and I feel that my hair is scarce and my eyes are short-sighted. I can't even get my hair in. The poet wrote about his own experience of getting old because of the destruction of the country and the division of the war. "White hair" comes from troubles, and "scratching" is because I want to relieve troubles. Hair is white and thin. From the change of hair, readers feel the poet's inner pain and sadness, and readers can better understand the poet's true image of worrying about the country and home when he is injured. This is a touching, complete and full artistic image.
This poem is a blend of scenes, deep feelings, implicit and concise, which fully embodies the artistic style of "depression and frustration". This poem has a compact structure and revolves around the word "Wang". The first four sentences are lyrical by borrowing scenery and scenery. The poet's sigh and anger, in the cross-transformation of feelings and scenery, have been conveyed implicitly from climbing to overlooking, from far and near, from weak feelings to strong feelings. From the beginning, I described the bleak scenery of Beijing, to the tears when I saw the spring flowers and the resentment when I listened to the birds singing; Then I wrote that the war lasted so long that there was no news at home. Finally, I wrote my own sadness and aging, intertwined and progressive, creating a realm that can arouse people's thoughts and thoughts. It shows the typical feelings under the background of typical times, reflects the good wishes of contemporary people to love the country and yearn for peace, and expresses everyone's unanimous inner voice. It also shows the poet's noble feelings of worrying about the country and the people and being sad at times.