Teachers should guide students to appreciate poetry from the linguistic features, ideological content and artistic features of poetry, so that students can grasp poetry as a whole, thus improving their ability to appreciate poetry.
Keywords perceptual language; Analyze the content; Understanding skills
There are two requirements for the appreciation of ancient poetry in the examination instructions: first, the appreciation of the image, image, language, style, expression skills and techniques of literary works; The second is to analyze and evaluate the ideological content and artistic conception of the work. Because of the implicit meaning of ancient poetry, it is difficult for students to take exams. Therefore, it is very necessary to master the appreciation method of ancient poetry. So, how to guide the appreciation of ancient poetry?
First, perceptual language.
Poetry is the art of language. Poetry language is characterized by implication, conciseness, strong sense of music and charm. To appreciate a poem, we should learn to guide students to taste the language. First of all, we should study, not in general terms, but with our brains, hearts and feelings. In this way, we will feel that a beautiful melody has been produced, which meets the needs of ideological content and resonates with the author's thoughts, and the ideological content of the work is expressed from the taste of language. Secondly, to taste the poetic language, we should understand the characteristics of poetic language or the different language styles of different authors. For example, Du Fu's poem "My road is full of petals-I closed my thatched door because I didn't sweep it for others-but now it's open for you" ("Guests arrive") is straightforward and plain. Wang Wei's poem "Empty Mountain after Rain, Evening in beginning of autumn" ("Autumn Night in Mountain Residence") is fresh and natural, and unconventional; Tao Yuanming's poem "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan" ("Drinking") is dull and vivid. In the usual teaching process, let students know the different language styles of different writers like the palm of their hand, lay a good foundation for poetry appreciation, and thus answer questions conveniently and accurately in the exam.
Second, the analysis content
To grasp the ideological content of poetry, we must first guide students to understand the topic, author, background and comments. Knowing people and discussing the world is the key to appreciating poetry. Secondly, the analysis of the content of poetry should start with the image of poetry, because the image of poetry entrusts the author's thoughts and feelings. Only by grasping the image, grasping the interest contained in the image, grasping the emotional appeal embodied in the image, and grasping the social significance and infection of the image can we appreciate the ancient poetry correctly. For example, the willow in the poem contains feelings of farewell, nostalgia and sadness, the pine and cypress symbolizes vitality, the bamboo indicates positive progress, the orchid gives people nobility, and the Sha Ou symbolizes wandering sadness. Thirdly, we should be good at grasping the "eye" of poetry, which is the soul of poetry and often the condensation of the poet's feelings. It can make your eyes shine and capture the theme of poetry quickly and quickly.
Third, understanding skills.
After understanding "the poet's language" and "knowing his person", "knowing his world" and "knowing his meaning", we should carefully scrutinize and distinguish the skills. Poetry mainly uses four ways of expression: narration, description, discussion and lyricism, among which description and lyricism are the focus of examination. Description methods include static and dynamic combination, virtual and real combination, etc. There are direct lyric and indirect lyric. For example, express one's feelings directly through scenery, and all scenery words are sentimental words. Rhetoric is often used in antithesis, metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration and repetition. Structural forms often come straight to the point, from beginning to end, after the scene, after death, transition, bedding and so on. Writing skills are often used in allusion, association, imagination, comparison, setting off, rendering, empathy, seeing the big from the small, expressing ambition from things, etc. And write sadness with music scenes to mourn the scene. To guide students to be familiar with these poetic techniques and master their characteristics and functions, all forms serve the content. When answering artistic techniques, we should combine the theme of poetry. For example, Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is a poem with a flying ideological structure. The poet's imagination is as unconstrained as the sky, and the dreams and fairyland depicted are the bright and beautiful ideal realm he pursues; Li Bai's Song of Songs uses mountain peaks to render the estrangement and suspicion between friends.
Appreciation of ancient poetry is the key topic of college entrance examination in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to appreciate the ideological content and artistic characteristics of poetry through the language media of poetry and the concrete feelings of artistic image or artistic conception, so that students can have an overall grasp of poetry.
Guidance on Learning Methods of Appreciation of Ancient Poetry
Li Chaoyang
Author's brief introduction: Li Chaoyang, a middle school teacher in Xingyang City, Henan Province.