Chu Ci
"Chu Ci", also known as "Chu Ci", is a style of poetry created by Qu Yuan, a great poet in the Warring States Period. The work uses the literary style and dialect rhymes of the Chu region (today's Lianghu area) to describe the mountains, rivers, people, and historical customs of the Chu region, and has strong local characteristics. During the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled Qu Yuan's works and the works of Song Yu and others who "inherited Qu Fu" into a collection called "Chu Ci". It has become a collection of poems that has had a profound impact on Chinese literature after the Book of Songs.
Chu Ci, its original meaning refers to the words of the Chu land. Later, it gradually became fixed with two meanings: one is the genre of poetry, and the other is the name of the collection of poems (which also represents the state of Chu to a certain extent). literature). In terms of poetry genre, it is a new poetry style created by poets represented by Qu Yuan in the late Warring States Period based on Chu folk songs. Judging from the name of the collection, it is a collection of poems in the "Chu Ci" style compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty on the basis of his predecessors. It includes the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu, the Chu people of the Warring States Period, as well as the works of Jia Yi, Huainan Xiaoshan, and Zhuang Ji of the Han Dynasty. , Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang and other imitative works.
The name "Chu Ci" first appeared in "Historical Records·Biography of Zhang Tang". It can be seen that this name existed in the early Han Dynasty at the latest. Its original meaning should be a general reference to the songs of the Chu region, but it later became a specific name, referring to the new poetry style represented by the creation of Qu Yuan of Chu State during the Warring States Period. This style of poetry has a strong regional cultural flavor. As Huang Bosi, a Song Dynasty poet, said, "They all write Chu language, make Chu sounds, record Chu places, and name Chu things" ("Dongguan Yulun"). At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu, as well as the works of Han Dynasty people who imitated this poetic style. The title of the book is "Chu Ci". This is another collection of poems with far-reaching influence in ancient my country after the Book of Songs. In addition, because Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" is the representative work of Chu Ci, Chu Ci is also called "Sao" or "Sao Style". People in the Han Dynasty also generally called Chu Ci "Fu". "Historical Records" has said that Qu Yuan "composed the poem "Huaisha"", and "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" also lists "Qu Yuan Fu", "Song Yu Fu" and other names.
In the Han Dynasty, Chu Ci was also called Ci or Ci Fu. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled 16 works by Qu Yuan and Song Yu, as well as works by Huainan Xiaoshan, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang and others in the Han Dynasty that imitated Qu Yuan and Song Yu, and named it "Songs of Chu". The Songs of Chu then became the name of a collection of poems. Since Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" is the representative work of "Chu Ci", Chu Ci is also called Sao or Sao style.
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