Except for the number of sentences, other arrangement rules are subject to ordinary metrical poems. The first sentence, like ordinary metrical poems, has two formats: entering tone and not entering tone. The number of rhymes is mostly an integer. Such as ten rhymes, twenty rhymes, thirty rhymes, forty rhymes, fifty rhymes and sixty rhymes. There are more than 60 rhymes, and some poets only write 100. But not necessarily. For example, Yuan Zhen's Twelve Rhymes of Jiang Last Month, Du Fu's Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei, and Thirty-six Rhymes of Friends and Family in Hunan on a Sleeping Pillow on a Wind Boat, etc.
Poets in the Tang Dynasty mostly used five words and six rhymes to arrange rhymes, and the first sentence did not use rhymes. For example, Li Bai's "Farewell to Friends, Search China Mountains and Rivers":
I heard that I went to Jishan, and I want to thank the guests.
Thousands of rocks and springs fall, and thousands of trees linger.
The East China Sea passes through the King of Qin, and Xiling surrounds Taiwan Province.
The lake is clear and frosty, and it is clear in the mirror, and the snow-capped mountains in Bai Tao come.
In August, Mei became a pen, and Zhang Hanbei was in the third place.
No matter how prosperous it is, it will go to the rooftop sooner or later.
From this arrangement, we can see that its plane format is:
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
(Note: A horizontal line is added below, indicating that it should be leveled, and a horizontal line is added below, indicating that it should be leveled. The same below. )
Compared with the five elements, the number of seven lines is much less, the length is mostly short, and the first sentence rhymes. For example. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, the poem "How to build a poem in the secretary province, with strong brushwork and high fashion, is therefore written":
He, a fisherman in Yuexi, was drunk only when he was in Dalian 1.
? Weeds and flowers follow fishing boats, and mussels and leeks dream of crossing the pond.
In China, it was cool for several years, and one night autumn wind recalled my hometown.
Rong Lu got away from it and felt smug, and Futing looked back and remembered it.
Luan crane came out of the cage and returned to the three seas, full of bad walls.
Li Bai died without a drunk, and the poor god hung the sunset.
The flat format of this poem is:
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Plain, plain, plain.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Plain, plain, plain.
Flat and light, flat and light.
It can also be seen from these two poems that the couplets in the middle are all couplets except the first pair and the second pair.
Because of its long length and many sentences, the structure of arrangement is more complicated than the general rhyme. There are only eight sentences in a common rhyme, and it is very simple to take couplets or sentences as a unit. Exclusion is not like this. It combines the contents of poetry into four, six, eight, ten or more sentences as a structural unit, which is equivalent to paragraphs in prose, and then connects them into articles. Now take Du Fu's "Send Li Twelve White and Twenty Rhymes" as an example:
In the past, there was a fanatic named Chen Er Ren Xian II.
Putting pen to paper scares the wind and rain, and poetry makes ghosts cry 3.
Since then, the reputation has been greatly improved, and it has never continued.
The literary talent is extraordinary and the communication will be unparalleled.
The dragon boat moves late, and the beast grabs the robe.
Come to the deep temple during the day, and Qingyun will follow suit.
Begging for the best, making promises and meeting my relatives.
I have not lost my ambition to live in seclusion, and I feel humiliated.
The play is about cherishing the wild and drinking childish.
Drunk dancing in Liangyuan Night, singing in Surabaya Spring.
You have no neighbors only if you are proud and don't show your heart.
Chu Shi Mi Hengjun and Zhu Shengyuan are poor 7.
If the rice is not full, Coix lachryma-jobi will slack off.
Wuling Yan steamed the land, and the three dangers exiled the minister 9.
A few years ago, I was killed by an ostrich, and I cried alone until Kirin 10.
Su Wu returned to Han first, and it doesn't matter if Huang Gong went to Qin.
On the day of the Chu banquet, Liang Lao wrote a letter to Chen 1 1.
The existing laws have been used. Who will explain this?
Under the old autumn moon, the disease began at dusk on the riverside 12.
Don't blame Bourne, use it and care about it.
This poem has twenty sentences, which are divided into four parts, each with ten sentences. The first part is equivalent to the beginning of ordinary regular poetry, commanding the later part condescendingly, and * * * is responsible for the transformation and integration to form a whole article. The four parts of this arrangement are similar to the four sentences of quatrains and the four conjunctions of common rhymes, and follow the principles of high momentum, appropriate momentum and far momentum. It seems that the poet writes each part as a quatrain or a couplet of metrical poems to deal with the structural texture of each part. In the first part, the poet Du Fu praised Li Bai's outstanding talent and defended Li Bai's belief as a shogunate general in lin li, Wang Yong. It is written that it is getting late, and the son of heaven will send a dragon boat to pick up Li Bai to write poems, but he is always amazed and wins the brocade robe with his superb poetry writing skills. The second part, according to the previous meaning, shows the other side of Li Bai's life, and the reasons why Shi Xian and Shi Sheng, the two most dazzling superstars in the Tang Dynasty, complement each other. Because Li Bai's book is poor, it has only overwhelmed thousands of people and followers, causing suspicion and xenophobia in the DPRK. Li Bai begged to return to the mountains to live in seclusion. This part shows Li Bai's romantic innocence, a poet who loves to drink and talk, and his free pursuit of drunken singing and dancing. The poem shows his wisdom of being unwilling to pursue power, sizing up the situation, protecting himself wisely and bravely retreating, which provides suggestive foreshadowing for the following contents. The third part does not make use of this foreshadowing very conveniently, but echoes and connects the admiration of Li Bai's poetic talent in the first part in a roundabout way. The following ten sentences are the third part since "being talented but not developed, being good neighbors is not good". In poetry, allusions and historical figures are skillfully used to express Li Bai, a poetic genius. First of all, Li Bai was sent to Beijing by imperial edict and paid back the money. Through the contrast between favor and humiliation, he explained that "begging for return" was out of helplessness and alluded to the hypocrisy of "superior imperial edict and promise" Secondly, high talent and long life. If Mi Heng is handsome, Yuan Xian is poor. For example, Li Bai's poor talent and appearance actually led to the slander and exile of the desolate and remote Yelang. It's like Jia Yi being pushed out to the hot Changsha in the Han Dynasty and being retaliated by owls, and it's like Confucius seeing Kirin being caught and crying. Through this contrast, the poet accuses the world of injustice and laments that the unparalleled talent of a talented poet who was once called "Poetry makes the gods cry" was covered by dark clouds. Thirdly, the seemingly joyful atmosphere of "drunken dancing" and "singing" is in sharp contrast to Li Bai's bumpy experience and poverty. It turned out that he was just having fun in his dreams and watching flowers.
The last ten sentences are the fourth part. This part, following the third part, not only protests against Li Bai's tragic fate, but also echoes the foreshadowing of the second part. Defending Li Bai's conviction and exile with personality temperament. Here Du Fu used a series of allusions: for example, Su Wu was herding sheep in the Huns in the nineteenth autumn, and he was still in the Han Dynasty; During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Huang Gong, one of the four big noble in Shangshan, preferred to live in seclusion rather than cooperate with Qin. The "Seven-State Rebellion" in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty also included the banquet behavior of Mu Sheng leaving the rebellious minister, and Zou Yang's writing to avenge his disobedience in prison. Li Bai, on the other hand, didn't even have a chance to understand his heart, only ended up in a tragic situation of forced exile and "singing under the moon and getting sick at dusk" In the isolated situation, Bourne can only complain to heaven on a raft, which is legendary.
In the arrangement of long sentences, kung fu is mostly used in the continuous arrangement of sentences, so that the combination and paragraphs between them strive for momentum and avoid slack. Due to the expansion of the length and capacity of parallelism in the language form of poetry, it can accommodate many functions, such as travel notes, miscellaneous notes, preface, biography, letters and even prose.
As long as you master the metrical form and the flat-lined format of ordinary metrical poems, you can master the writing method and flat-lined lines at one point. Parallelism, in particular, is composed of several parallel sentences that don't rhyme. For example, Li Bai's "seeing friends off and looking for mountains and rivers" is equivalent to the superposition of three five-character quatrains. Du Fu's "Send Li Twelve Whites and Twenty Rhymes" is equivalent to the superposition of five five-character quatrains. The article's poem "How to build knowledge in a secretary's province, with a healthy pen and a high fashion, is also equivalent to the superposition of three seven-character quatrains". The only difference is the rhyme of the first sentence. If you want to know the law of parallelism and levelness, you must master the adhesion law of metrical poems skillfully. After mastering the pasting method, as long as you know the level of the first sentence of this poem, according to the pasting method, the level of the whole poem can be introduced immediately.
There are similarities in length and sentence patterns between parallelism and ancient Chinese prose. If we make a distinction, we should focus on three aspects: First, apart from the couplets at the beginning and end, we should see whether antithesis is used in the whole article. The second is to see whether the whole work conforms to the pasting law. The third is to see whether the work uses horizontal rhyme and whether it rhymes to the end. If there is any discrepancy, the work is not an arrangement but an ancient style.
Note: 1. Renda: Open your mind. According to "Biography of Xie Kun in the Book of Jin", "Gao's daughter next door is beautiful, Kun tries to mine, and the woman throws a shuttle and breaks her teeth. The artificial language at that time said: "I am willing to work hard, and my young face is broken." "2. Maniacs: He, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he claimed to be a fanatic of Siming. He (about 659~744) was born in Yongxing. According to experts' research, He's hometown is Shijiaqiao Village (now renamed Village) in Shushan Street, Xiaoshan. Li Bai said in "Celebrating Wine" that "there are fanatics in Siming, and the season is really romantic. Chang 'an calls me a fairy as soon as we meet. "Immortal: a degraded immortal. 3. "Poetry is a success" sentence: According to Bai Meng's "Skill Poetry", I saw Li Bai's "Wuqi Qu" and sighed: "This poem can make the gods cry. "That li bai talented, manchu fall for it. 4. Lost: Buried. 5. Cheng Shuwo: I am particularly favored. This means that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty told Li Bai to worship the Hanlin. 6. "Dragon Boat" sentence: refers to Bai Lianchi of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty, and Li Bai was asked to write poems when he was happy at the banquet. "Beast Brocade" sentence: "Chronicle of Tang Poetry" contains: "Youlong Gate, the marquis of Wu, ordered the ministers to write poems, and the first one was given a brocade robe. Zuo's poems in the East have been written, thank you. Sitting still, you become a poet, and both arts and sciences are beautiful. If you are not good at everything, you will win the robe. "This means that Li Bai won the first prize in the Royal Poetry Competition. 7. "Mi Heng": You can be as good as Mi Heng. Mi Heng: In the Eastern Han Dynasty, people seldom argued. Kong Rong called it "wise and talented." Yuan Xian: The family is as poor as Yuan Xian. Yuan Xian: A disciple of Confucius, his family is very poor. 8. The sentence of "Coix seed": In the Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan collected Coix seed on his toes, which was slandered as pearls and big shells. This means that at that time, someone falsely accused Li Bai of participating in the Lilin Rebellion in Wang Yong. 9. In the "Wuling" sentence, due to the metrical relationship, the time sequence is reversed. The former sentence refers to avoiding disaster, and the latter sentence refers to exile Yelang. "Three dangers", the name of the mountain, is in the south of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, where Emperor Shun fled from Sanmiao. 10. "A few years" sentence: I am afraid that Li Bai is in danger. Owl: commonly known as owl, the ancients thought it was an ominous bird. When Jia Yi was relegated to Changsha in the Han Dynasty, he wrote "Cormorant Fu". It says here that Li Bai was convicted because of Wang Yong Li Lin's rebellion. "Cry alone": sigh for poverty. According to Records of the Historian Confucius Family, in the 14th year (4 18 BC), Lu people hunted and killed Kirin. Confucius thought it was a symbol that his political ideal could not be realized, and sighed, "I am poor!" "Its revised Spring and Autumn Annals is finally the year of AD. 1 1. "Chuci" sentence: In the Han Dynasty, Mu was a Chinese medicine practitioner. Musheng doesn't like drinking. Wang Yuan bought wine and often poured a glass for Musheng. Yuan Wang died, and his son succeeded to the throne, which was waiting for him at the beginning. Later, I forgot to set it. Mu Sheng said, "If there is no wine, the king will be idle. "So he said he was ill and thanked him. This refers to Li Bai's resignation when Li Lin invited him to the shogunate. Li Bai said in the poem "After the Great Chaos, Tian En Liu Yelang recalled the past and gave Jiang the prefect, so that he could be slaughtered well": "The water army came in the middle of the night to look for his grandson. I made a mistake in an empty name, and the king sent troops to threaten me with his boat. He gave me 500 gold coins, and I regard them as floating clouds. Resignation without reward is a slap in the face. "Liang Jail" sentence: In the Han Dynasty, he was imprisoned for being slandered. Zou Yang wrote to Liang Xiaowang in prison, arguing that he had been wronged. After his release, he became a guest of Liang Xiaowang. This means that after Li Bai sat in Xunyang, he argued for his own grievances because of Li Lin, the king of the ages. 12. "Old Yin" sentence: Qiu Jiang's old illness shows that Li Bai has been pardoned and returned to Xunyang. (Originally published in Autumn Rhyme in LAM Raymond, No.4 20 12)