(A) Early Tang literature
Four outstanding figures, Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo in the early Tang Dynasty inherited the legacy of parallel prose in the Six Dynasties. Their poems are magnificent, magnificent and inspiring, and contain the wind that is unwilling to be left behind.
Wang Bo, who went home to visit his mother, met a grand banquet on the way and wrote Preface to Wang Tengting, which left a masterpiece for later generations. The article from "the treasure of things, the dragon light shoots the cow in the city;" Outstanding people, Xu Ru's bed has Chen Fan's "Hongzhou Bi Tan", Teng Jiao's and Meng's "Ci Pu"; Purple electric blue cream, general Wang's arsenal "banquet; From Ting He Zhu Fu, an island haunted by poor people; The attic of the Gui Dian Lan Palace, the body of mountains and mountains, wrote the river view of "Lonely sunset in Qi Fei, autumn water * * * sky and one color"; Wang Teng Pavilion is magnificent and has a wide field of vision, showing readers a beautiful and magnificent autumn picture. Then, from banquet entertainment to living together, I felt that "there is no way to return to doubt, and there is another village." I met by chance, and they were all guests from other places. "With the situation that" Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is hard to seal ",it implies that his ambition is not paid, and he expresses his life experience of" missing the emperor's ambition and being promoted ". However, Zi 'an didn't feel depressed because of this. Instead, he turned his pen and declared that he would constantly strive for self-improvement: "When you are old and strong, you would rather be tempted; If you are poor, you will think about it, and you will not lose your ambition. " Encourage yourself to "feel happy when you are greedy, and feel happy when you are dry." The full text has sincere feelings, vivid scenery, gorgeous rhetoric, neat antithesis, appropriate allusions and beautiful rhyme, and is praised as "the first parallel prose in ancient and modern times" by later generations.
King Robin is a child prodigy. He wrote the poem Ode to Goose when he was seven years old. He has been loyal to the royal family of Li Tang all his life. Wuhou abandoned Zhongzong to stand on his own feet and slaughtered Li Tang descendants. The old minister of the Tang Dynasty prepared to send troops to Yangzhou to crusade against Wu, and Luo wrote this eternal swan song for him. At the beginning of the tour, Wu Zetian was scolded with blood all over her head, saying that she was "jealous of lizards, a wolf in nature, close to evil, killing loyalty, killing her sister Xiong Tu, killing her mother, being jealous of people and gods, incompatible with heaven and earth"; Then, he suggested "following Yu's heart and raising the banner of justice to eliminate the evil spirit". Then he said that our military strength is powerful: "The red millet in Hailing accumulates differences; Jiangpu Huangqi, how far is the restoration? The sound of the class moved from the north wind, but the shock wave rushed to the south and leveled, the landslide collapsed and the wind and cloud changed color. " Then, King Robin persuaded the old ministers of Li Tang, hoping that they would "turn disasters into blessings, send them to the mansion, * * * honor the diligent king and not waste the life of the king". Anyone who rises to crusade will "reward the masters and refer to the mountains and rivers"; Anyone who is "attached to the poor city and wandering astray" will "seize the first opportunity and delay the opportunity." At the end of the article, the author is arrogant: "You try, whose world is today's site!" The full text is clear-cut, full of emotion, clear-cut, decisive and inspiring. It is said that when Wu Zetian read the words "Emei refuses to let people go, being sycophantic can confuse the Lord", she just laughed it off; When she read "What can I do for a six-foot orphan when a handful of dirt is wet?" She was surprised to ask who the author was and said to the people around her: This man has not yet come out to be an official, and the Prime Minister is to blame!
(2) Prosperity and glory
Back in the heyday of Kaiyuan, there were thousands of families in the small town. Rice is fat and white, and public and private warehouses are rich. The Tang Dynasty is prosperous and shines in China for thousands of years. Prosperous times should have the spirit of prosperous times, and the poet who said, "How can I bow and scrape to dignitaries, and no one will suffer a loss and be embarrassed" is the best representative of the spirit of prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was free and easy all his life: "Since God has given talents, let them be employed!"! , spin a thousand silver, all come back! " ; Li Neng made the sword, and the text can be returned to the text: "Fifteen good swordsmanship, princes; 30% of articles, calendar to Qing Xiang. " Li Bai is ambitious, "although it is less than seven feet long, the heart is willing but the strength is insufficient"; Li Bai is extremely confident in his talent. He did not hide his ambition at all, hoping to gain the appreciation of officials: "If you will accept a high banquet, you will make it clear. Please try everything every day and rely on horses." Li Bai loved to make friends all his life, and praised Lushan Waterfall for "flying straight down to thousands of feet, and it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days"; On the Shu Road, I felt, "The yellow crane can't get through such a high place. Have pity on those monkeys with only claws." Li Bai loves to drink, preferring to get drunk with money: "Five flowers and ten thousand horses, thousands of gold jewels, give them to the boy for good wine, and sell them with you forever!" Li Bai likes to attend banquets: "open a banquet and sit on flowers, and get drunk with the bright moon"; Li Bai loves nature: "Spring invites me to smoke and invite me to write"; But at the same time, I feel that life is short: "the husband of heaven and earth is the inverse of everything; Time flies, a hundred generations of passers-by, floating like a dream, for the joy of geometry? " Life in Li Taibai is romantic. He is magnificent and heroic, holding a pen and paper in his hand, showing the confidence and mind of a great nation to the world and sketching a beautiful picture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
(3) The storm is tottering.
"Du Li's articles are in full swing." The young Du Fu is also full of lofty sentiments: "Mount Tai is the top of the mountain, magnificent! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... Once I climb to the top of the mountain and peek, I will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky ... "Du Fu is Li Bai's" lost brother ",but he has no luck of" loving beans ",and the evening scene is bleak because of the Anshi rebellion. The poems of the Ministry of Industry are gloomy, and the lines between them are full of criticism of reality: "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones"; Full of sympathy for the people who suffered from the war: "Who can get married and live in the neighbor's house, while we bury our children underground!" " He jumped into Shihao Village at night and witnessed the horror of "officials arresting people at night". With plain language and simple narration, readers feel a different kind of sadness: "the silence of the night is like crying." Dawn will rise to the future, leaving the old man alone. " Du Fu's poems are full of social worries: "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation is spring. Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. " People deeply feel the cruelty of war: "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold. I stroke my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. " However, ignorance of worries is bound to kill one's mind, and Du Fu's immortality is due to the excitement of inspiring people to forge ahead when reading all the worries, and a spirit of taking the world as their own responsibility regardless of personal gains and losses: "A peaceful building makes the poor in the world happy! When this house suddenly appeared in front of me, it was enough for me to freeze to death alone! " Just like the ancient city wall, although Chen Gu has been blocked for hundreds of years, it can't stop the grass sprouting in the corner, and it exudes unyielding vitality in silence.
(4) Frontier scenery
Datang is an open and broad-minded Datang, not only the Datang of Han people, but also the Datang of many nationalities living in this land. The frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty are magnificent and masculine, which makes people feel the endless vitality and the vigorous national spirit of a big eastern country. We can not only read the lofty sentiments of being eager to make contributions to the country: "Wan Li is king, with nothing to ask for. I also know that the wall is bitter, and I ask for a wife. " I can also feel the homesickness of the soldiers guarding the border, and feel the hatred of the military wife at home: "Shan Ye is more worried when other families follow their dreams. Join hands and seek for yourself, and don't worry about the road ahead. " We can not only read the magnificent desert scenery: "the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen"; "Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees"; I can feel the ambition and mind of the Tang people who "would rather be a centurion than a scholar": "Don't laugh after drinking on the battlefield, how many battles have been fought since ancient times!" The unprecedented prosperity of the Tang Dynasty brought unprecedented national defense confidence to people at that time. They are proud of fighting on the battlefield: "Why don't men take Wu Gou and take fifty states of Guanshan?"? Please go to Lingyange temporarily. If you are a scholar, Wan Huhou? "
(5) Sunset on the Western Hills
In the late Tang Dynasty, eunuchs in the DPRK caused troubles, partisanship, foreign wars with Tubo, social conflicts intensified, and national uprisings broke out one after another. The glory of the past is long gone, and this political feature has also affected the literary style. Poetry in the late Tang Dynasty is so sad, helpless, delicate and soft, and often laments self-pity and dullness. If there is a "rainy season, pedestrians on the road want to break their souls"; The phrase "a strong woman in business doesn't know about national subjugation and hatred, but she still sings backyard flowers across the river" also refers to the past. Ironically, now, I feel that mountains and rivers are about to collapse. Although Du Mu's poems contain decadent elements, the poet's character is optimistic, so there are many beautiful and delicate styles. He expresses his feelings in the history: "Riding a princess in the world of mortals, no one knows it is litchi." There is even a reason to discuss the rise and fall of the Qin dynasty: "Qin people have no time to mourn for themselves, and later people mourn for them;" Later generations mourn without learning lessons, and let future generations mourn for future generations. " Li Shangyin and Du Mu are also called "Little Du Li". Their poems are vague and often have the beauty of "hiding half a face behind her guitar in front of us". "I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, each with a youthful interval. Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring. Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun. A moment that should last forever? It had come and gone before I knew it. " Although this poem is famous, it is the most difficult to explain. The poet is half-veiled and doesn't understand his mind. Later generations think that this poem mostly expresses "mourning" and "self-injury". A mountain is happy to express his chest, and his words are short and affectionate: "On the day of asking for return, the rain rises in the autumn pool in the evening. * * * When do you cut the western window candle? When you talk about the late rain. " There is a lot of implicit beauty, "time was long before I met her, but since we broke up, it has been longer, and the east wind has risen and a hundred flowers have blossomed." Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night. "It praises the love between men and women until death does us part, but there is a sad feeling. ".