Notes:
Yin Keng
Liang Chenjian poet in the Southern Dynasties. The courtesy name is Zijian, his birth and death dates are unknown. His ancestral home is Guzang, Wuwei (now Wuwei, Gansu). His great ancestor Yin Xi moved south with Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasty Song Dynasty, in the late Jin Dynasty and settled in Nanping (now Jingzhou, Hubei Province). Yin Keng was born four generations later. Around AD 540-547 (the sixth year of Datong to the first year of Taiqing), Yin Keng joined the army for Xiao Yifa, King of Eastern Hunan, and Cao Xing. During the Hou Jing Rebellion, he was captured by the rebels and escaped after being rescued. During the reign of Emperor Chen Wen of Tianjia, he served as a clerk for Chen Bomaozhong, the king of Shixing, and joined the army. Hou Andu was the general who conquered the north. He gathered scribes to write poems in his house, and Yin Keng was also one of the guests. After Xu Ling's recommendation, Emperor Chen Wen summoned him on the same day and ordered him to write "Poems of Xincheng Anle Palace", which was highly praised. He moved to Zhaoyuan General and Jinling Prefecture, and later became a member of the Waisanqi Changshi. He died. Yin Kenggong's five-character poems are good at describing landscapes. His style is fresh and flowing, similar to that of He Xun; he is known as "Yin He" in the world. There are three volumes of it, but only more than 30 poems remain today.
① Qingcao Lake: Southwest of Yueyang, Hunan, it is part of the southern waters of Dongting Lake, where the Xiangjiang River and Miluo River merge into Dongting Lake. ②Yin Keng: A poet of the Southern Dynasties. The Zeng Shiliang and Chen dynasties experienced regime changes. ③Liu: The appearance of water flow, here refers to rising water. ④Maoshan: in the southeast of Jurong County, Jiangsu Province. There is Huayang Cave in the mountain. According to legend, three brothers, Mao Ying, Mao Gu and Mao Zhong, achieved enlightenment and immortality here during the Han Dynasty. ⑤讵: Qi, how?
Translation: The spring water of Dongting Lake in spring fills up the lake embankment, the sails are spread out in the flat lake, the peach blossoms bloom beside the Yuan River, and the spring scenery is bright, and the rushing water of Xiang River reminds people of the Moth King The legend of Xiangjun and Lady Xiang written by Qu Yuan, and the legend of female heroes drowning in the Xiangshui; Maoshan Mountain is close to the caves, and the long river is connected to Wu Gorge. The sky is extremely clear and blue, the sun shines brightly, everything is floating with sunlight, the boat is playfully competing with the distant trees, and the birds are perched on the tall masts. The vast lake is immeasurably wide and far away. How can we sail to the other side with just a small boat?
Appreciation:
This poem is one of Yin Keng’s masterpieces. The author saw the vast spring scenery of Qingcao Lake when crossing the lake. The realm is vast and far away. Thoughts. Qingcao Lake, also known as Baqiu Lake, is located in the southwest of Yueyang, Hunan. According to "Fangyu Minutes", "Qingcao Lake is connected to Dongting in the north, Xiaoxiang in the south, and Miluo in the east." There is Qingcao Mountain on the south bank of the lake, hence its name. Whenever the spring water rises, the Dongting and Qingcao lakes merge into one, creating a vast and boundless mist. The lake water enters the Yangtze River, leads to Wu Gorge in the west, and flows into the sea in the east.
In the first two sentences, the poet points out the season for crossing the lake, and uses the characters "man" and "ping" to outline the panoramic view of the lake's spring water. The following four sentences of "Yuan Shui" not only describe the water potential of Dongting Lake, but also incorporate moving legends related to it, which enriches the meaning of the poem and gives people unlimited space for imagination. Yuanshui is a river in western Hunan that flows into Dongting, with Taoyuan County on its left bank. The three words "peach blossom color" are reminiscent of Tao Yuanming's "yellow hair hanging down, and enjoying themselves"; in "Chu Ci", the chapters "Xiang Jun" and "Xiang Lady" include "Du Ruo is picking up Fangzhou", "搴 The sentence "Tingzhou is like Du Ruo". Therefore, "Du Ruoxiang" reminds people of the legend of the Moth King and the female queen drowning in the Xiang River, as well as the Xiangjun and Mrs. Xiang in Qu Yuan's works; "Maoshan" is Juqu Mountain, a famous Taoist mountain in China, located in the southeast of Jurong County, Jiangsu Province. There is Huayang Cave in the mountain, where it is said that three brothers, Mao Ying, Mao Gu and Mao Zhong, achieved enlightenment and became immortals here in the Han Dynasty; while Wu Gorge has the legend of the Wushan Goddess. Therefore, this four-line poem not only describes the natural scenery, but also gives the poem a magical and magical color. The four sentences of "Taitian" describe the distant scenery of Dongting Lake: a small boat with several flying birds. The flying birds are timid across the lake and perch on the tall mast. The vast lake surface is unfathomable and unreachable. In comparison, the big one looks bigger, and the small one looks small. So the poet naturally expressed his emotion due to the fatigue of the journey and the hardships of the world: "The waves are unpredictable, how can a reed sail?" This poem depicts scenes with clear layers, intertwining far and near, bright colors, and smooth pen and ink.