A quick reading of Classic Talk
1
Explaining Chinese Characters First
Before the Qin Dynasty: At the end of the Warring States Period, due to the need of unified characters, the legend of Cangjie's word-making appeared. After Qin dynasty: at the beginning of the emperor, the characters were unified into Xiao zhuan, and official script was formed; At the end of the Han Dynasty, the official script changed from ellipse to rectangle, which was called "han li"; During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, official script became "official script"; Jin to Tang Dynasty, also known as "official script", called "han li" as "eight-point book"; The official script in Jin Dynasty was simplified to form "running script", which was also called "regular script" in Jin Dynasty and renamed "true script" in Song Dynasty.
2
The Second Book of Changes
At the end of the Warring States Period, Taoism and Yin-Yang theory prevailed, and Confucianism carried forward Confucian philosophy with hexagrams, and the Yi Zhuan survived; In addition, there are two biographies of Classical Chinese and Cohesion. In the Han Dynasty, three new versions of Shuo Gua, Xu Gua and Za Gua were discovered, which were later called Yi Yi.
3
The Third Book of History
The Book of History includes the Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and most of them are orders, that is, if they are announced to the public, a few are words told by the monarch and the minister. There are also notes, mostly made by people at the end of the Warring States Period.
4
The Book of Songs No.4
Poetry was popular in the Spring and Autumn Period; In Confucius' time, "Poetry" was used to discuss the truth of learning and being a man; After Confucius, "Three Hundred Poems" became one of the Confucian Six Classics.
5
The Fifth of the Three Rites
There are three kinds of classics and countless "records" handed down and learned by scholars in the Han Dynasty. The three kinds of classics are Yili, Lijiu Classic and Zhouli. "Ji" is the history of Confucian miscellaneous narration of ritual system and its change, or the work of ritual narration. There are many "records" in the Han Dynasty, and only 38 "Da Dai Ji" and 49 "Xiao Dai Ji" have been handed down to the present.
6
Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals No.6 (Attached to Mandarin)
The three biographies are Zuo Zhuan, Gong Yang Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan, and they pay special attention to the persuasion and punishment function of Spring and Autumn Annals. When the three biographies explain the scriptures, they are often attached regardless of the context; Among the three biographies, Gongyang Guliang mainly explained the scriptures, while Zuo's mainly narrated, referring to group records and detailing historical events.
7
The Seventh of the Four Books
The Four Books are University, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius in ordinary order; The Five Classics are Yi, Shu, Shi, Li and Chunqiu. The book of Rites, Da Xue, was originally an article, and Zhu Xi divided it into one chapter, ten chapters, and the biography was to explain the classics. The Doctrine of the Mean is a book taught by Confucius, which was written down by Zi Si and passed on to Mencius. The philosophy of life described in the book is meaningful. The Analects of Confucius was memorized by Confucius' disciples, which can help readers to learn many principles of learning and being a man, such as "gentleman", "benevolence" and "loyalty and forgiveness", such as "learning from time to time", "being suspicious", "being fond of the past", "choosing the good" and "being trapped in learning", which can be applied for life. Mencius is said to have been edited by Mencius himself and his disciples Gong Sunchou and Zhang Wan.
8
The Eighth Warring States Policy
During the Warring States Period, the relations between countries were tense, and wars could be fought at any time, so the advisers responsible for diplomacy began to be valued. At that time, all countries focused on power, and what the counselor said was nothing more than war and intrigue; However, extensive knowledge and subtle wit are essential to make a statement according to people and places. On the basis of finishing and polishing by Kuai Tong, a famous lobbyist in the early Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled the speeches of these strategists into the Warring States Policy.