Poetry of migratory birds in Qinling Mountains 1. Poems about geese
The essence of ancient poems about geese.
mr roh
Every year in the bleak autumn, when you look up at the frosty days in Wan Li, you can often see flocks of geese flying from north to south. They form a neat line, just like a word "one", and the two lines intersect to form a word "person", which the ancients called Yan array, "wild goose" and "wild goose preface", and it is also the material of ancient poetry. Such as Lu You's poem "Seclusion": "Rain Ji chickens live early, and the wind is high and steep." Bai Juyi's Watching the Night Scenery on the Tower of the River: "The wind turns over thousands of white waves, and the geese point to the sky."
The ancients said that "geese travel in an orderly way", and the organization of geese is very prominent. When the geese fly, a goose flying in front of the team is served by a strong old goose who knows the way. The lines of Yan Zhen are very neat, and the distance between two geese is very symmetrical. According to scientific analysis, this is a wonderful "energy saving technique" for geese to make full use of airflow to fly.
The common geese in China are Hongyan, Yan Dou and White Goose. Goose is a migratory bird that migrates once a year. Fly to the north after the vernal equinox and fly back to the south after the autumnal equinox every year. At that time, Emperor Taizong wrote a poem in Fenhe, Shanxi Province: "I don't know Fenshui today, and geese fly to meet the autumn." It can be seen that the ancients have long known that geese have the habit of migrating every year. Because of the accurate seasonal migration of geese, the ancients regarded them as "messengers" of audio information, and there was a story of "Hongyan passing books" in history.
The migration of geese twice a year shows that they are very sensitive to weather changes. The folk song circulating in rural areas of North China goes like this: "If the seven or nine rivers can't open, the geese will always come in eight or nine miles." If the geese migrate early or late, it means the local weather is abnormal. Lu You, a poet, paid attention to the activities of geese and revealed their corresponding relationship with climate. For example, he said in the poem "Night Return": "The cold arrived in Jiangxiang early this year, and the geese flew before the Mid-Autumn Festival." The location of this poem is Shaoxing, Zhejiang. In those days, Yaner flew south over Zhejiang early before the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the weather became cold early. Recent observation records of geese also show that geese fly south ahead of schedule, leading to early cold weather in the north and lower temperature in the south than normal.
Although geese are migratory birds, the frost whirls south in early autumn, but ancient poetry is often associated with snow, which seems to be contrary to the facts. There is a famous saying in Xia Sai Qu by Lu Lun in the Tang Dynasty: "Wild geese are flying in the bright moonlight, and the leader of the Tatars is fleeing in the dark. We chased them, and the horse was lightly burdened, and the snow burden of our bow and our sword. " This poem has aroused a new study on the living habits of modern geese, which is caused by a questioning poem written by scientist Hua in Chinese teaching in middle schools: "When it snows heavily in the north, geese return to the south early." How can you see geese flying when the moon is dark and windy? " As soon as this questioning poem came out, newspapers and magazines rushed to publish it and praised it, so as to encourage future generations to be good at independent thinking and doubt what their predecessors had never doubted. However, many scholars have pointed out the shortcomings of China's poems, saying that "geese in the snow" and "the moon is shining high and geese fly high" are true.
Looking up ancient poems, many poets have described snow geese. For example, Gao Shi's "Don't Move Big" in the Tang Dynasty: "Thousands of miles in Huang Yun, the daytime shines, and the north wind blows wild geese and snow." Su Shi's Nostalgia and Congmianchi in Song Dynasty: "Where life is long, it should be like flying snow." Li Bai's "A Thousand Miles of Thoughts" in the Tang Dynasty: "Hu Yan was born in the horizon, and the snow is fascinated by the river." Join the Army by He Chao in the Tang Dynasty: "The Tianshan Mountains are deserted with snow, and geese come to scatter the cold." This scene is very much in line with Lulun's Xia Sai Qu. As migratory birds, why do geese still encounter heavy snow? This is mainly related to the changeable climate and geographical location. The temperature outside the Great Wall plummeted. As soon as the geese flew south, snow covered the earth. In addition, the geographical climate of China is quite different from the north to the south. In the lunar calendar beyond the Great Wall, it snows in August, or even earlier. "The Tatar Day is separated from In the snow in August" (Cen Can's poem) and "Snow in Tianshan Mountain in May" (Li Bai's poem), and the geese can't escape from the "snow net".
The feeling of geese flying late in the snow is also found in ancient poems, such as Cui Kun's Travel Notes on the Great Wall in the Tang Dynasty: "Rain and snow geese fly south, and dust forces the west." In the Tang Dynasty, Li Kuo wrote in the poem "Send General Zhenwu": "Lu Jiu burned Peng Yuan, and the double red twisted arrow saw it. The ancient Yellow River Road has long snow in autumn. " Although you can't see geese in the dark and windy month, it's not surprising that geese sing, so it's called "the dark and windy month makes geese soar". There is evidence for this in ancient poetry. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Li Yi's "Smelling the flute on a Spring Night": "There are endless geese in Dongting all night, so don't wait for the morning to fly north." In the Song Dynasty, Mei Yao Chen wrote the poem Autumn Goose: "Autumn geese fly at night, and the first group comes alone." Qian Qi's "Waiting for the Imperial Palace" in the Tang Dynasty: "Falling leaves send autumn chrysanthemums, and the clouds are low and the night is bright." An ancient battle song by Li Qi in the Tang Dynasty: "Wild geese cry sadly, the night flies, and Tatar children cry." Yuan Hao of the Jin Dynasty asked "Hui Chong Lu Yan": "The wild geese wait for the cold, and the dream breaks the yellow deer snow." The so-called "wild goose slave" is the wild goose that plays the night shift. When there was a slight noise nearby, they immediately called the police. Then, the geese began to sing, one by one. This is the so-called frightened goose. There is no wild goose flying silently without saying a word. As the saying goes, "people leave their names, geese leave their voices." It's hard to see anything in the dark night. Why do you know that geese are flying in the air? The reason is that, as the saying goes, "geese fly by, leaving a sound".
In addition, Lu Lun is a native of Tanghe Zhongpu (now Yongji, Shanxi), and the Great Wall is in the north of Shanxi. Later, he served as the judge of the Marshal's House in the river, so he had a life foundation of frontier fortress and had to witness the geese and geese in the snow. The description of geese in Xia Sai Qu should be said to be scientific and true.
(Excerpted from Middle School Chinese Teaching Network)
2. Poems about geese and breezes
Poems about geese
There is no cicada at the beginning, and a hundred feet of high water meets the sky.
Su E, a young woman, is cold-resistant. She fights in the mid-month frost. Li Shangyin (Frost Moon)
Who sent the brocade book in the cloud, the wild goose word returned, and the west building will be full in the next month. Li Qingzhao (a prune)
The dream of a silver bed has not come true, and the blue sky is as light as water at night.
The sound of geese far exceeds that of Xiaoxiang, and it is self-evident that the twelfth floor is in the middle of the month. Wen (Yao Shefen)
Wild geese lead a sad heart, and mountains hold a good moon. Li Bai (boarded Yueyang Tower with Xia XII)
It is difficult to send a book to a goose, but it is difficult to dream.
May the lonely moon shine on Fu Bo camp. Shen Rujun (always in my heart)
Wild geese fly high, the sun and the moon are white, and the breeze brings red sun, rain and frost. (Du Fu)
The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and Hengyang Goose is unknown. (Fan Zhongyan)
Looking back, the smoke is getting heavier and heavier. Light clouds and lonely geese are far away, and the sky is cold and the sunset is red. (Xu Changtu)
The geese are still young after the autumn night, and the lotus pond is locked by the window. (Li Jun)
Under the cold lamp, I pondered over the past, and Duanyan (Hong) was in a state of shock and anxiety. (Du Mu)
Look at each other in the dark. In the sound of the broken rainbow, the sunset stands. (liuyong)
The sun in the west leans against this floor, and geese are barking in the distant sky. I am wandering in the south of the Yangtze River, homesick for a wanderer. (Xin Qiji)
Cui Tu, a poet, wrote a poem "The Lonely Goose", which not only describes the difficulties of the lonely goose flying, but also shows the endless bumps in the road of life.
Line after line of planes flew over the border. What's your problem?
In the rain, you cry for your lost partner, you want to live, but you are hesitant and afraid that you can't get down the Han and Tang Dynasties.
Deep and dark Zhu Yun, along the wall towards the cold moon.
Although you may not be subject to the plot and ruin the funeral of your life, it is just the loss of the group flying, after all, the fear of panic.
3. Migration of migratory birds
In spring, swallows fly back to the north from the south. In autumn, they take their children to the south for the winter. These birds are called migratory birds, such as geese, swallows, cuckoos and orioles. Some birds stay in their birthplace all the year round. This kind of bird is called resident bird, such as sparrow, magpie and eagle.
The migration of migratory birds is a dangerous journey. If you lose your way in the vast sea, you are in danger of death. Sometimes there will be a storm, and the migratory birds who have escaped the storm are already (jρn píLiρn), and they will rest on the boat. No one knows what danger awaits them. Migratory birds also have the habit of flying to bright places. Sometimes large groups of migratory birds are attracted by the lights of lighthouses or airports and die on buildings. In addition, migratory birds are often killed and eaten by raptors on the way.
Many migratory birds hunt while flying. Wild ducks feed during the day and fly at night, while some migratory birds eat fat before migrating. When they migrate, they don't prey and rely on the fat stored in their bodies. During migration, swallows fly 100 km per hour, wild ducks fly 80-90 km and Haiyan can reach 160 km. During the flight, migratory birds often have a short rest, and when crossing the ocean or desert, they will continue to fly.
What makes migratory birds have to migrate? It turns out that when the days are getting longer in spring and shorter in autumn, migratory birds know it's time to move. This is a habit handed down by parents of migratory birds. In May and June, there are many kinds of insects in the north, and migratory birds fly to the north, (ɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡɡ6 These places are close to the North Pole, and the days are long, so there is enough time for hunting and feeding birds. After investigation, scientists found that the farther north, the more eggs migratory birds lay, and the more prosperous their offspring will be.
Without a compass and a map, will migratory birds get lost? No, scientific research proves that migratory birds use the sun during the day.
Flying as a guide, guided by the stars at night, they fly to the south and fly back to the north.