About the details of Fan Chengda, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, Fan Chengda's poems
Four seasons' idyllic splendor, frosty and sweet plum, four seasons' idyllic splendor, remembering four seasons', Yu Meiren Langtaosha, early bamboo, eye-catching, sleepy feet and purple smoke, four seasons' idyllic splendor, Linjiang.
Second, literary achievements.
He started with Jiangxi School, then studied poetry in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realistic spirit of poets such as Bai Juyi, Wang Jian and Zhang Ji, and finally became a family of his own. Simple style, fresh and charming. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and the works that reflect the content of rural social life have the highest achievements. On his way to Shanxi, he wrote 72 quatrains such as Qingyuan Store, Qiao Zhou and Shuangmiao, which reflected the painful life and national feelings of the northern people. Patriotic feelings are passionate and tragic. His Rent Collection Bank, Post Rent Collection Bank, Reeling Bank and Lao She Geng exposed the cruelty of feudal exploitation and sympathized with the people's suffering. In his later years, he wrote 60 pieces of "Four Seasons Pastoral Fun", describing rural scenery, local customs and farmers' life. The style is fresh and lively, beautiful and smooth, full of charm, with the characteristics of folk songs, and it is a master of ancient pastoral poetry. This kind of poem had a great influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His prose was also famous at that time. His poems are full of affection. His early works are close to Qin Guan, and his later works are close to Su Shi. Fan Chengda's works had a significant influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "Jiannan is the home south and Shihu is the lake" ("Jiannan" refers to Lu You's "Jiannan Poetry Draft"). For example, one of the songs "Summer" said: "You go out during the day and perform well at night, and the children in the village take care of each other. Children and grandchildren are not prepared to farm and weave, but also learn to grow melons in mulberry shade. " Write about the hard work of a peasant family, which is kind and simple and has a strong local flavor. He also wrote some works about making friends, traveling, mourning for the old and sad, and even talking about Buddhist scriptures and meditation. Yang Wanli's Preface to the Poems of Shihu Jushi said: "(Fan Chengda's poems) are big and short; No brewing, no shrinkage. Fresh and charming, there is Bao Xie in the election; Run away vigorously and chase Taibai. Chen chen, who seeks his words, can't win the world in one song. " For details about his life, see History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 386. There are poems by Shihu laymen and Shihu Ci.
Third, related events
Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli, the four great poets of ZTE, are similar in age. They were born before and after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty and were admitted to Shaoxing in 24 years. They are all called "Four Poets of ZTE". But Fan Chengda was more successful in his official career, so that he could participate in politics and retire in his later years. There is the poetry anthology of Shihu lay people. Fan Chengda was deeply influenced by Jiangxi School. In some of his early works, we can see a lot of language stagnation and allusions, as well as some arguments similar to Zen and Confucianism. However, while learning from Jiangxi's poetic style, Fan Chengda extensively absorbed the styles and techniques of poetry in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and broke through the shadow of Jiangxi's poetic style on the basis of learning from others. In particular, many modern poems are euphemistic and beautiful, each with its own characteristics. Comments (charming eyes, purple smoke on your feet): writing is also one of the writing, which is a masterpiece of past dynasties and has a reasonable context to be found. The so-called snake ash and worm line are wonderful. For example, Fan Shihu's eyes are charming in the middle of Pingxiang Road, and he added the words "spring is unintentional" next to the words "sleepy" and "drunk", which is extremely fine. Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, Lu You and You Mao are called "Four Poets of ZTE". At that time, both Yang and Lu were famous. You Mao's handed down works are few and his achievements are not high; Although Yang and Fan can't compare with Lu You, they can all get rid of the cage of Jiangxi Poetry School and have their own characteristics in thought and art, so they are worthy of being outstanding poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yang Wanli's comments on Fan Chengda Yang Wanli's comments on his poems "Fresh and Charming" and "Leaving Magnificence" (preface to Shihu Poetry) mainly refer to the works that "embellish lakes and mountains". In fact, model couplet poetry also has a "graceful" and "shallow" side. Yang Wanli also said: "There are only three or four domestic poets today, but the public is overqualified." This evaluation is also unfair. Fan can't compare with Lu You. He is deeply influenced by Buddhism and Taoism, and there are still many negative and decadent things in his poems.
Fan Chengda as a traveler, Fan Chengda can't compare with Xu Xiake, but as a scholar-bureaucrat and poet, Fan Chengda's spiritual world is far richer than that of Xu Xiake, a "professional" traveler in the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 170). At the age of 45, Fan Chengda was appointed as the envoy to the State of Jin. As an "envoy", he has two purposes: one is to seek the land of Gong and Luo in Henan, where the tomb of Zhao and Song Dynasties is located, and the other is to reconsider the etiquette of exchanging credentials between the two countries. At this time, it has been more than 40 years since the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty and the State of Jin drew the Huaihe River as the boundary, so it is better for the State of Jin to be a "niece". The Southern Song Dynasty's attempt to clean up the lost rivers and mountains and dignity through "blessing" is tantamount to an idiotic dream. Even Emperor Xiao of Song himself knows that this trip is not only hopeless, but also ill-fated. Before he left, he said to Fan Chengda, "I won't send troops to the invincible alliance, so why harm you! It makes sense to eat hakodate. " This is to prepare him for Su Wu.
The most complicated six-year road trip was the most complicated trip in his life. During Fan Chengda's trip, he wrote a travel diary, named "Journey", which implied that Chen Fan, a famous Eastern Han Dynasty star, "boarded the bus and took charge of the world". According to this book, he went abroad in June, crossed the Huaihe River in August, came back from the Huaihe River in October and stayed in the State of Jin for two months. The earliest existing private diary in China is The Story of the South written by Don Li Ao. By the time of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many scholar-officials who worked as Japanese journalists, among which Wang Anshi's Tian Ji had the largest number of volumes, up to 80 volumes. However, recording more political events is actually a kind of private history. However, most of the early personal diaries were short-lived records. Fan Chengda was a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Together with Lu You and Yang Wanli, he is also called "the Four Masters of Zhongxing" and is famous for his poetic style of "fresh and beautiful" and "galloping majestic". Fan Chengda is an observer with broad vision and keen sense of smell. He is full of love for natural mountains and rivers, and full of understanding and sympathy for people's joys and sorrows. He is curious and has a keen interest in exotic places and customs. His official position is Zaifu, and his official career is extremely broad ("Born in Dongwu, he caressed the northern secluded swallow, handed over to Nanzhai and handed over to Xikuang, and all three parties went to Wan Li, and they will visit wherever they went"), so the mountains and plains are full of weather. On the other hand, Fan Chengda is also a man with rich heart and sincere feelings. Whether he is feeling the times, worrying about the country and the people, caring about farmers, stabbing politics or mourning for the dead, saying goodbye, sighing for old friends and homesickness, there are always some particularly delicate and personalized observations in his poems. To use an old saying, there are "people" in his poems. It is the most complicated trip in Fan Chengda's life, full of depression, sadness, loyalty and lofty sentiments. Therefore, many of Lu Lan's words are particularly touching. For example, write about the mourning of Bianliang, the old capital of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Looking for learning to waste the city" in the New Song Dynasty, and "Dasuoguo Temple, leaning on the eaves and lacking relatives, reviving the old without looking at it"? Every building in Tokyo lists the old name and new name of "land reform", which seems to be a simple record, the pain of board swing and the idea of separation are all in it. Of course, what is even more heartbreaking is the adherents of the Central Plains, who have fallen for a long time. "People have long learned Hu customs", "men are hungry and women are hungry" and "there are not many towels in the village, and braids are like ghosts". But the old man "left Li" and often cried, and taught people to say, "This China Buddhist is also. "There are many old women who bow down"? In addition to Lu Lan, he also left 72 quatrains in The Envoys, which were included in the collections of the Northern Expedition, including many excellent works. Although Fan Chengda's mission did not achieve the expected goal (impossible), he showed great courage, and even financiers thought that he could "inspire courtiers of the two countries"-the ultimate goal of weak country diplomacy can only be to win a little spiritual dignity.
His ambition is that he is a poet who has opened his heart and eyes. Fan Chengda's landscape ambition was associated with "Guo Xu", which was affirmed by the imperial court, but soon fell out of favor because of his integrity. He was ordered to leave the main road Shuaijiangfu (Guilin, Guangxi) for seven years. This is the journey of "making friends with Nanzhai". The trip actually started on the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month in the eighth year of Avenue (AD 1 172). He started from his hometown of Wu Jun (Suzhou), passed through Huzhou and Yuhang in the south, and went to Fuyang to enter the picturesque Fuchun River. When I was in Yuhang, I bid farewell to my relatives and friends who came from afar. The scene is extremely miserable. Before, I had to leave my seriously ill nurse in Yuhang. "When I was diverted, my brain was broken. I believe that life is not as good as death. " Two days after leaving, everyone is on New Year's Eve. "Send Fuyang. Qian Shan is covered with snow, and the river is blue. Good night, Ji. The wind is sharp and cold. Put on the cotton robe and hat made during the trip and look at the bow, which is difficult to understand. " This situation is unforgettable at first glance. Imagine wearing a cold coat that went to the north two years ago, with the sadness of saying goodbye to relatives and friends two days ago. That night, I was on a boat in the Han River, feeling like a little loneliness in the infinite universe. The so-called "invincible" is beyond words Return to Fuchunjiang River, enter Qujiang via Tonglu and Lanxi, then leave Zhejiang via Changshan County, enter Xinjiang in Jiangxi, pass Xinzhou (Shangrao), Guixi and Yugan to Nanchang, and board Wang Tengting; Entering Ganjiang River, the main road 1999 1 month 12 went to Linjiang Army (Zhangshu) and visited Xianglinsao and Yuan Pan on 14-both famous gardens at that time. Fan Chengda was deeply impressed by several big plum trees and ancient beauty. After living in seclusion in Shihu in his later years, he comprehensively managed Shihufan village, "with one third of his land, there is a plum tree", and specially wrote a volume of Plum Spectrum. After crossing Linjiang Army, it entered Shui Yuan, a tributary of Ganjiang River, and entered Hunan via Yuanzhou (Yichun) and Pingxiang. The Pan-Xiangjiang River went south to Hengshan Mountain, named Nanyue Temple, which was not boarded due to illness, and then passed through Yongzhou and Quanzhou by land and entered Guilin on March 10. Among them, the journey by land and water was 3,000 Li, which lasted for March. He wrote a volume of travel notes, taking the poem "It's far better to fly to Guilin to visit immortals" by Han Yu, and named it "Lu Luan Lu". There is no doubt that Fan Chengda was a great traveler in ancient China. It is not uncommon for ancient literati to travel around because they were officials, but most people only wrote some routine words, whether they were visiting relatives or tired of official travel and homesickness, they often became a mere formality. The works of this kind of poet make you not know whether he lived in the Tang Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty, or whether he chanted Lingnan or the Central Plains. More importantly, you can't see a unique "person" behind him. Fan Chengda, on the other hand, is a poet who opened his mind and eyes. His works are rarely universal and full of the particularity of a time and a place, but they are not the mirror images of realistic positivism, and always use his feelings and styles to enhance the outside world. As a traveler, Fan Chengda certainly can't compare with Xu Xiake, but as a scholar-bureaucrat and poet, his spiritual world is far richer than that of a "professional" traveler like Xu Xiake. In a poem, he wrote: "Guo Xu made white waves, and heaven taught him about Han mountains and rivers"-his view of the whole mountain was linked with his ambition, and it was for Guo Xu that he experienced the arduous journey of "three parties went to Wan Li".
His yearning for wandering all his life has settled in his heart, and he wants to "help the world" and become an eternal wealth scholar-bureaucrat. However, as a poet, Fan Chengda always yearned for a secluded pastoral life. Xichun four years (AD 1 177), Fan Chengda was 52 years old. He left Sichuan as an envoy, set out from Wan Li Bridge in Chengdu at the end of May, and entered Panmen (Suzhou) in October. Different from the previous two preoccupied trips, although it is sad to be with colleagues and friends in Sichuan, the overwhelming emotion of this trip back to China is the joy and relaxation of "running back and forth". This trip is relatively simple: enter the Yangtze River along the Minjiang River, then pass through the Three Gorges, enter Jiangsu through Hubei and Jiangxi, and transfer from Zhenjiang to Changzhou and Suzhou. There are two volumes of travel notes on this trip, named Wu after Du Fu's Boating in Wan Li. Compared with the first two records, this book is the longest and the most important for future generations. Wu's content is very rich. In addition to recording the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, such as writing the wonders of Buddha's light in Emei Mountain and the danger of turbulence in the Three Gorges, there are many words that record human history, such as recording the inscriptions in Jiangzhou East and Xilin Temple in the Tang Dynasty and copying the history of Emei Niuxin Temple's trip to the western regions. , has a high historical value. The beauty of this book is worthy of being a model of China's landscape writing. From December of the eighth year when Dalu left Panmen to Xichun entered Panmen in the fourth year, Fan Chengda completed a symbolic cycle, thus ending his career as a traveler. When he returned to Wuchang from Sichuan, he recalled that during this 13 year, he saw the Mid-Autumn Festival in eleven places. "This is different or Wan Li's". At that time, he thought: if you have to "go back to your hometown and hoe with the moon for the rest of your life." Cherish the spring for nine years, Fan Chengda finally retired as he wished. From then on, he spent ten years in Shihu, enjoying his leisurely old age, and wrote his last masterpiece, Sixty Poems of Four Seasons, and wrote a pioneering local chronicle, Wu Junzhi, for his hometown. In his last years, he was still full of longing for travel, but there is no doubt that whenever he enjoyed the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, he would think of the places where he had spent the Mid-Autumn Festival: the wandering in his life has settled in his heart and become an eternal treasure in his memory.
Four. introduce
Fan Chengda (1126-1193) was called a Shi Hu layman. Han nationality, born in Wuxian County, Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Poets in Southern Song Dynasty. There are 1900 poems. Shi Wenmu. Starting from the Jiangxi School, he studied the poems in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realistic spirit of poets such as Bai Juyi, Wang Jian and Zhang Ji and the new Yuefu, and finally became his own family. Simple style, fresh and charming. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and the works that reflect the content of rural social life have the highest achievements. The representative work that reflects rural life is "Four Seasons Pastoral Fun", with 60 songs, which describes the rural scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter and the life of farmers, and also reflects the exploitation and hardships suffered by farmers. This is one of them, which describes a scene of rural summer life. Four seasons 12 songs. Together with Yang Wanli, Lu You and You Mao, they are also known as the "Four Masters of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty.