A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose new swallow pecks at spring mud?
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
[Reading Guide]
Qiantang Lake, also known as West Lake, is one of the famous scenic spots in China. When we mention the West Lake, we will naturally think of Su Shi's famous sentence "If you want to compare the West Lake with the West, light makeup is always appropriate." After reading this poem by Bai Juyi, I seem to really see the smiling face of Shi. The poem describes the charming spring scenery of the West Lake in early spring as seen by the poet riding a horse, shows the vitality of everything in the bath of spring scenery, shapes the poet's own image, creates an artistic conception of gratifying spring scenery and abundant business, and expresses his love for the early spring scenery and his quiet and comfortable mood.
problem solving
This poem is selected from Volume 20 of Bai Changqing Collection.
Qiantang Lake is the West Lake in Hangzhou. It has a pleasant climate, beautiful mountains and rivers, and uneven buildings. It has been a tourist attraction since the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi yearned for Hangzhou when he was a teenager. In the autumn of 822, in the second year of Changqing in Tang Muzong, he changed from Zhongzhou secretariat to Hangzhou secretariat, and finally realized his long-cherished wish. In the summer of four years of Changqing, he was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou. During his 600 days in Hangzhou, the poet not only led people to build dikes and dig wells, but also did many good things for this place. He also likes the scenery of the West Lake, and wrote many poems about the scenery of the West Lake, among which "Qiantang Spring Tour" is one of them.
This poem was written in the third year of Changqing (823), and it is a seven-character poem.
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From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake. Gushan Temple: Built in the early years of Tianjia (560 ~ 566), Emperor Chen Wendi of the Southern Dynasties, it was named Chengfu and renamed Guanghua in the Song Dynasty. Gushan Mountain: Located in the north of West Lake, between Houhu Lake and Waihu Lake, with isolated peaks and beautiful scenery, it is a scenic spot that can be climbed by lakes and mountains. Jia Pavilion: namely Jia Gongting. Tang Zhenyuan (AD 785-804) Jia Quan, a secretariat of Hangzhou, built a pavilion in Qiantang Cave, which was called "Jia Pavilion" or "Jia Gong Pavilion". The pavilion arrived at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Initial leveling of water surface: In spring, the lake began to rise, and the water surface just leveled the lake shore. Chu: Adverb, just now. Cloud feet are low; The clouds hung low and seemed to be connected with the lake. ○ Point out the starting point and route of the spring outing, and focus on depicting the scenery of the lake.
Several early warblers compete for warm trees, and their new swallows peck at the mud in spring. Early Warbler: Come to the oriole early in early spring. Warbler: oriole, the song is euphemistic and beautiful. Competing to warm the trees: competing to fly to the sunny branches. Warm tree: a tree pointing to the sun. Xinyan: A swallow just flew back from the south. Take it. Swallows nest with mud in their mouths. ○ Look up and see what you can see in spring, singing and dancing, full of vitality and moving. Focus on birds.
Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can lose its horseshoe. Miscellaneous flowers: wild flowers of various colors. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling. Shallow grass: Spring grass that just grows out of the ground and is not too high. Talent: Just right. No: yes, yes. ○ What you can see in the spring outing is tender flowers and grass, full of spring. Focus on flowers and plants.
My favorite lake is not enough to swim eastward, nor is the white sand dike (dí) in Qingyang under the greenwood tree: I can never get tired of seeing it. Yin: Same as "Yin". Baisha Dike: Today's Bai Causeway, also known as Sand Dike and Broken Bridge Dike, is located on the east bank of West Lake, which existed before the Tang Dynasty. Another Bai Causeway outside Qiantang Gate was built during the self-styled change of administration in Hangzhou. ○ The poet surrounded the lake from north to west and from south to east, and at the end of the poem, he expressed his deep affection by "favorite".
translate
On a bright spring day, I believe Malay arrived at Qiantang Lake, from Gushan Temple to Jiagongting West. A spring rain has just passed. Clouds and gases are connected with microwaves on the lake surface, as if attached to the water surface. The lake is full, almost flush with the shore. There are euphemistic cries of orioles in the distance and near. These messengers of spring are playing and chasing, scrambling to fly to the sunny branches. The newly returned swallows are flying up and down by the lake. They are busy with mud and nesting. Along the way, a cluster in the east and a cluster in the west are almost dazzling. Spring grass on the road just emerged from the soil, just enough to cover the horseshoe. Spring God hangs flowers on trees and spreads grass on the ground for people to enjoy, but I am most fascinated by the area around Hudong, where trees are shaded and Bai Causeway lies quietly by the lake, which really makes people linger.
From the north of Gushan Temple to Jiating West, the spring water on the lake just overlaps with the dike and white clouds and is connected with the waves on the lake.
Several early orioles scrambled to fly to the sunny tree, and the new swallows were nesting with spring mud in their mouths.
Countless colorful spring flowers gradually fascinated people's eyes, and the shallow spring grass just covered the horseshoe.
I like the beautiful scenery on the east side of the West Lake best. I haven't visited it enough, especially the white sand embankment under the green shade.
The early warbler and the new swallow compete for flying, and the flowers and plants are beautiful and full of vitality. The poet set foot on the Qiantang River embankment and enjoyed a spring outing. Faced with such a beautiful spring scene, he lingered and refused to leave.
Brief analysis
A Spring Tour in Qiantang vividly depicts the beautiful scenery the poet saw when he strolled the West Lake in early spring. This is a hymn to the beautiful spring and the beautiful scenery of the West Lake.
The first poem sticks to the theme and always writes about the lake. The previous sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the surrounding "uneven towers". The use of two place names gives readers a sense of movement, indicating that the poet is walking and watching. On the front of the latter sentence, the lake is as bright as water: at the beginning of spring, the water surface is flush with the embankment, and the white clouds in the air are connected with the rippling waves on the lake, which is a typical water state of Jiangnan Spring Lake. Zhuan Xu wrote about birds seen from looking up. Yingying is singing and swallows are dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring, and the oriole sends the good news of spring back to the earth with its euphemistic and smooth voice. Swallows wear flowers and paste water, build nests with mud, and encourage people to start working in spring. The word "several places" summarizes Ying Ge's call to the other and the poet's modality of seeking sound from left to right. The doubt about the word "whose family" shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes readers have rich associations. Writing with a neckband overlooks the flowers and plants you see. Because it's early spring, and it's not the season for flowers to bloom, what we see is not colorful flowers, but a cluster of flowers in the east and a cluster in the west, which is described by the word "chaos". Spring grass does not grow luxuriantly, only it is not as long as horseshoe, so it is described by a word "shallow". The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this association are also the feelings and judgments of the poet's observation and appreciation, which makes the objective natural scenery become the scenery in the eyes with the poet's subjective feelings and infect readers. These two couplets describe the scenery of the West Lake in detail, and express Yingying Yan's new arrival with "early", "new", "struggle" and "pecking". Using "chaos", "shallowness", "gradual desire" and "talent" to describe the thriving trend of flowers and plants accurately and vividly reveals the early spring weather that the poet felt while walking, giving people a fresh feeling. The previous generation poet Xie Lingyun's phrase "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willow in the garden turns into songbirds" ("Pond Upstairs") is wonderful in ancient and modern times, precisely because he wrote the joy of love at first sight when the four seasons change. The above two couplets of Qiantang Spring Tour are quite similar in artistic conception, but the white poems are more widely spread. William wrote about the poet's favorite sandbar in the east of the lake. Qiantang Lake, which runs through Bai Causeway, is located in the east of the lake and can win the whole lake. I saw that under the shade of Populus cathayana, the flat and slender white sand embankment was lying in the blue waves, and the people riding on the embankment were knitting and enjoying the beauty of spring. In the meantime, the poet enjoyed the lakes and mountains and was relaxed and happy. "Lack of line" shows that the natural scenery is beautiful, the poet is still lingering, and the concentrated and full feelings give readers endless aftertaste.
The predecessors said that "Lotte's poems are full of emotions, enter people's liver and spleen, follow things, and are full of places" (Wang Ruoxu's "Xunnan Poems"), and "Lotte's poems are extremely simple and lovely, and often take what is in front of them as what others have not said" (Tian Wen's "Ancient Tang Huanji"). The language of this poem is simple, fresh and natural, for personal use.
Overview of Basic Knowledge of Chinese Characters and Sentences
Distant/drooping clouds
The original meaning of "foot" refers to the organs that people and animals walk. It can also refer to the support of appliances, such as chair feet and table feet. It can also refer to the lower end of a vessel, such as the foot of a mountain or the root of a wall. It can also refer to the residue of my powder (there are words like "leftovers" in modern Chinese), which extends to the end. Such as at the foot of the sun and rain, Du Fu's "Three Songs of Qiang Village": "The sky is red and the clouds are west, and the ground is flat at the foot of the sun." Du Fu's "Cottage is Blown by Autumn Wind": "There is no dry place at the head of the bed, and the feet of the rain are like hemp." The "cloud foot" in the poem "the water surface is flat and the cloud foot is low" refers to the lowest point of the cloud.
initial
"Chu" is used as an adverb in ancient Chinese and is often used to express time. Often refers to the first time or the initial period after the action.
1. It is often used before verbs and sometimes adjectives, which can be translated as "beginning" and "suddenly", such as Du Fu's "The banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army": "The thistle suddenly spread northward, and at first I couldn't stop the tears on the skirt outside the sword." The poem "When the water is flat, the feet of the clouds are low". (at first: at first)
Used before a verb, it means doing it for the first time. For example, The Biography of Ram declared the "first tax mu" for fifteen years.
3. Used at the beginning of a sentence (or phrase) to indicate a review of the past. Like "Three Kingdoms"? Shu Shu? Biography of Zhuge Liang: "At the beginning, light follows the table and follows the master".
It means "never" and "forever". For example, Hanshu? "Biography of Gai Xun": "The ministers have nothing to say at the beginning." . (beginning: always, never. )
Gradually
"Gradually" is often used as an adverb in ancient Chinese, which means "gradually" and indicates the gradual change of the situation or the gradual deepening of the degree. It can be translated into "gradually", "more and more" and "gradually", which is used in this poem "Flowers are more and more charming".
When "gradually" is used as a verb, it has many meanings such as "aggravating", "dredging" and "getting wet". Such as "book?" Said to the king: alas, this disease is getting worse and worse, only a few. (Step by step: aggravate. ) "Historical Records? Gou Jian's family, Yue Wang said, "Yu has made great contributions repeatedly, and gradually became nine rivers and settled in Kyushu." (gradually: modification. ) "Poetry? Feng Wei? " "Meng": "Qi Shui (shāngsāng) gradually spread." (gradually: get wet. )
[hierarchy]
The first couplet focuses on the big picture and writes about the scenery seen by Gushan Temple. The first sentence is position, and the second sentence is vision. "Chuping" refers to spring water, which is slightly flat with the embankment. "Low cloud feet" means that the white clouds are low and connected with the lake, and the outline of early spring is outlined. The calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake.
The poems written by Zhuan Xu were seen by poets during their travels. Yingying is a singer in spring, and everyone is competing to fly to the sunny tree to sing; Yan, the messenger of spring, has begun to build nests with mud and is full of vitality. Using "jujube" to describe oriole reflects Bai Juyi's sincere love for these vibrant little lives. The word "struggle" makes people feel that spring is rare and precious. Using a word "peck" to describe the busy and excited appearance of the swallow seems to bring the swallow back to life. These two sentences deliberately describe the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, thus making the whole poem full of vitality and vitality in spring.
Writing flowers and plants in neck couplets focuses on the poet's feelings. The horse walked briskly on the shallow grass and looked at the flowers for a long time. His eyes were full of colorful flowers, which made people dizzying and puzzled. This pair of couplets and the first pair of couplets are the core of this poem, and they are also the crowning touch to describe the spring scenery in the white poem, especially the spring scenery in the West Lake. This is an emotional and energetic description of the scenery, which fully shows Bai Juyi's careful observation of the object of description and accurate grasp of its characteristics.
At the end of the poem, the scenery of Baishadi is written, which directly expresses the poet's joy. The "lack of lines" is due to the lack of sight, which shows that the poet lingers.
[Appreciation of Poetry]
From the northern foot of Gushan Mountain to the present Pinghu and Bai Causeway Autumn Moon, the poet reported the information of spring to people all the way: the lake is full of spring water, the trees are full of spring warblers, Chun Yan is in the air, the spring flowers are blooming on the shore, and the spring grass is just green. The poet's keen and delicate brushwork makes people realize that the West Lake is wearing spring clothes in a stretch. The poet praised the spring scenery of the West Lake and pointed out that he loved walking on the white sand embankment. There is water on both sides of Bai Causeway, and willows and peach trees are planted on both sides of the embankment. Walking on the Bai Causeway in spring, the lake is at your feet, and you seem to be walking on the water; Willow branches in early spring, like smoke and fog, like silk, come to your face and make your heart swell with infinite tenderness and infinite love. You are like in a dream and a fairyland. When you walk on the Bai Causeway in spring, you can better appreciate the poet's feelings and moods when he wrote this poem.
The theme of the whole poem is mainly on the word "travel", closely following the word "spring outing" to describe the scenery. But the West Lake is too big and the journey is too long, so the poet only intercepts a paragraph to write-from the north of Gushan Temple to Baisha Land. After reading this poem, we naturally have the feeling of enjoying the early spring scenery of the West Lake with the poet.
[poetic features]
The whole poem has tight structure, strict meter, neat antithesis, fluent language and vivid and natural tone, which embodies the characteristics of popularity and fluency. Generally speaking, the poet describes the spring on the lake and is good at describing the scenery on the way. He chose the combination of typical and classified arrangement: he wrote four most beautiful spring scenes in the middle and chose the combination of animals and plants, which was unique. He is also good at grasping the characteristics of the scenery and using the most expressive words to describe and render it.
[Innovative reading]
Idle pen is not idle (text /Tom Chang)
Poetry is precious and exquisite, and there is no room for idle writing. It's idle pen, so it should be deleted. However, some words seem to be idle, but they are not idle. If you read them carefully, there will be another rhythm in the idle pen. That kind of deep poetry is often not read, but tasted.
Bai Juyi's "Qiantang Spring Tour", the middle four sentences are: "A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose new swallow pecks at spring mud. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. " Some poetry critics have pointed out that there are too many idle pens in the four sentences. By free writing, he means "a few places", "whose youth is young", "gradual desire" and "talent". After the deletion, the poem is "the early warbler fights for the warm tree, and the new swallow pecks the spring mud." The flowers are charming, and the shallow grass has no hooves. " As far as the chanting scene is concerned, all the images and pictures of the original poem come out. But the poet wrote "spring outing", not "spring scenery". He wanted the spring scenery of the West Lake to flow with his "trip". Without these eight words, spring scenery remains the same; With these eight words, the still picture will flow.
"Several places" is a quantifier. "The early warbler fights for the warm tree" is a beautiful picture. If it is crowned with "several places", this beautiful picture is not one place, but many places. There are some here, some there and some in the distance. "Liu Lang Wen Ying" is a scene of the West Lake. In fact, in spring, warblers can be heard everywhere around the West Lake. "Whose home" is a question word. The poet did not deliberately describe "Chun Yan pecking at mud", but deliberately asked: "Who is Chun Yan pecking at mud?" With this question, perhaps the poet will speed up his pace and set his eyes on Chun Yan to see which spring mud will nest. It's much more interesting to think like this than just depicting "Chun Yan pecking at mud". For example, Several Places, Whose Home, Desire, Talent, etc., do not provide images and form pictures, but add them to poetry, expand the images and extend the pictures, and natural things will flow with the poet's "behavior".
Reading aloud is reading poetry, pondering carefully is tasting poetry, and good poetry can be read and tasted. Some poems are not wonderful to read for the first time, but they are wonderful to read slowly. The poetry of direct reading mostly comes from intuitive images; The indirect taste of poetry is mostly hidden in the "idle pen" outside the image.
That poetry critic should be a poetry critic, not an editor, not an editor-in-chief Otherwise, Bai Juyi's poems were thrown into his hands, and with a stroke of a pen, it was said that he had cut off his "idle pen", but in fact it hurt his bones and the fate of his poems would be miserable.
Translation:
Strolling through Gushan Temple and Jiating, the spring of the West Lake has just risen flush with the shore, the clouds in the sky have fallen, and the water color is connected with the skylight. In several places, the orioles who left the nest early scrambled to fly to the sunny and warm trees to cry. I didn't know that the new swallow was busy building a nest with mud. All kinds of flowers are gradually opening up, dazzling, and new grass can cover horseshoes. The white sand embankment on the east side of the West Lake is green and shady.
A famous saying throughout the ages: several early warblers compete for warm trees, whose new swallow pecks at spring mud?