1. Commonly used metonymic words: 1, mulberry: hometown 2, peach and plum: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate: classmate 6, beacon smoke: war 7, female 8, bamboo: music 9, male 65438. History: Chronicle 13, husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi people 15, yellow hair: old man 16, mulberry mother: farming 17, support, overlooking: children/kloc.
3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su). 4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.
Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.
7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."
9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness. 10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.
1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms. 12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.
13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.
14, four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun, Zhao Mengfu 15, 100 major schools in the warring States period and their representatives: Confucianism, Confucius, Mencius, Legalism, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Li Ezi, Mohism, Mozi 16, and four great calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty. Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "fought five fights without breaking his waist". 20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.
2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng. Third, China literature is the best: the earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs; The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius. The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan. The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.
2. Memory method of literary common sense
First, threading method
Scattered literary common sense is like a big needle that is not properly worn. As long as there is a line running through it, these literary common sense are very systematic. This line can be time, space, style, content and so on. For example, to remember the history of China's ancient literature, we can use this line as a clue to string together the literary phenomena of various dynasties. Please look at the picture below.
Rhyme: The Book of Songs-Chu Ci-Yuefu Folk Songs-Tang Poetry-Song Ci-Yuanqu
Prose category: Shangshu-Pre-Qin Prose-Tao Yuanming Prose in Six Dynasties-Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties-Three Masters in the Third Year of Ming Dynasty (Song Lian, Liu Ji and Gao Qi)-Tang and Song Dynasties in the Middle of Ming Dynasty (Gui Youguang)-Gongan School in the Late Ming Dynasty (Sanyuan)-Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty (Yao Nai, Fang Bao and Liu Dakui).
Whenever you want to recite literary common sense, you should first pull a long line and wear it one by one. If any needle (the works of writers of past dynasties) can't get through, we should stop and check carefully why. If you need makeup, you can continue to wear it, so that you can quickly check your memory at any time.
Second, the association method
Association is a psychological process from one thing to another. For example, when he misses Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan thinks of his own work Li Sao, and because Li Sao is the source of China's romantic literature, he thinks of the three great western romantics: Shelley, Hugo and Byron. In this way, you can systematically remember a lot of knowledge. Reciting it like this often is also conducive to the improvement of associative ability.
Third, many a mickle makes a mickle.
There are many contents of literary common sense, covering a wide range, and it is impossible to write them all down in a short time. According to psychology, memory consists of four links: memory, retention, recall and recognition. Problems in any link will affect the quality of memory. We can't remember it because it's not preserved enough. How can I raise it? There is a famous forgetting curve in psychology, which tells us that forgetting is faster in the first time after reciting, and then forgetting gradually slows down and stabilizes at a level, so we should review it in time after reciting. Many a mickle makes a mickle is actually a small cycle review method. Because we have to review constantly, the amount of new content will not be much. We can divide all the documents that need to be memorized into several parts and distribute them in different time periods. For example, we can remember the history of China literature for one or two months (we can remember one or two writers or several works every day according to the order of dynasties), remember the history of foreign literature for one month, and then conduct the second review for one month. In daily review, we should first recall the previous day's content, and then remember the new content.
Fourth, the formula method
When we recite poems, we usually have this experience: articles are recited slowly, and poems are much easier to recite because of their clear rhythm and harmonious rhythm. We can compile the literary common sense to be memorized into a "formula", pay attention to rhyme, and it should also be condensed literary common sense. If we remember two sentences, we should remember a lot of knowledge. In addition, in the formula, the works of writers that are easily confused are compiled into "fixed collocation". Please look at the following example:
It's not hard to remember common sense in literature. There are clever ways to help you remember it clearly. Let's talk about domestic and writers' works first.
Pre-Qin philosophers, Confucius, Mencius, Xun Qing. The Analects of Confucius and Mencius are listed as four books. Laozi and Zhuangzi are inaction, "morality" and "freedom". Qu ci, nine, nine, separation and heaven.
Jia Yi was the first person to write prose in Han Dynasty. Liu Xiang Sima, Zhan, Chu, Historical Records. Ban Gu's Hanshu dates back to the beginning.
Jian 'an in Wei and Jin Dynasties, leader of Three Cao. Father has Yuefu, tortoise, Artemisia and Guan. Cao Pi's criticism of Ge Yan and Dian Lun: It takes seven steps to build a child and five words to lay the foundation.
……
There are many works in The Complete Works of Lu Xun. There are three novels, wandering, shouting, old stories and new stories.
Middle school textbooks are included in Scream except Blessing. An essay, "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening", plus "Weeds", is slightly poetic. Essay 16, Hot Wind Grave, Gai Hua two episodes, just three leisure, two hearts, southern accent and northern tune, pseudo-free book, quasi-romance, three fears two episodes, literary lace.
……
These formulas are catchy to read and easier to remember.