The pines at the bottom of the stream are gloomy, and the seedlings are on the mountain. With its stems an inch in diameter, it shades this hundred-foot strip. The worldly king is in a high position, and he is handsome and humble in his subordinates. The terrain makes this happen, and it has a long history. Jin Zhang borrows old business, seven leaves Er Han Diao. Isn't Feng Gong great? His head is white and he doesn't see any moves. ——Zuo Si, Wei and Jin Dynasty, "Ode to History: Pines at the Bottom of Yuyu Stream" Ode to History: Pines at the Bottom of Yuyu Stream Pines at the bottom of Yuyu Stream, seedlings on Lili Mountain.
A stem with an inch diameter can shade a hundred-foot strip.
The worldly king is in a high position, and he is handsome and humble compared to his subordinates.
The terrain makes this happen, and it has a long history.
Jin Zhang borrows old business, Qi Ye Er Han Diao.
Isn’t Mr. Feng a great man? Three hundred ancient poems, praising history and expressing feelings, translation and annotations
Translation
Lush pine trees grow at the bottom of the mountain stream, and small seedlings swaying low in the wind grow on the top of the mountain.
(Due to the different heights of the terrain where it grows) A small sapling can cover a hundred-foot pine tree.
Children of noble families can ascend to high positions and gain power, but talented people are buried in low-level positions. 中.
This is because their different statuses have caused them to be in this situation for a long time and did not happen overnight.
The two families of Jin Rixi and Zhang Anshi in the Han Dynasty relied on their ancestors The descendants of the legacy have been high-ranking officials for seven generations. (Er-Han Diao: Erca. The officials in the Han Dynasty wore mink tails on their hats for decoration.)
Isn’t Feng Tang during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty considered a Is he a great talent? But he is still not reused just because he comes from a humble background and has gray hair. Appreciation
This poem was written under the clan system. Talented people are suppressed because of their humble origins. Regardless of whether they are talented or not, the children of aristocratic families occupy important positions, resulting in "the upper class has no humble family, and the lower class has no power." clan" ("Book of Jin·Biography of Liu Yi"). The four sentences "The pines at the bottom of the gloomy stream" express the injustice of the world at that time in a symbolic way. "Jiandi pine" is used as a metaphor for scholars who come from humble backgrounds, and "mountain seedlings" is used as a metaphor for children of aristocratic families. The saplings that are only one inch thick on the mountain actually cover the hundred-foot-long tree at the bottom of the stream. On the surface, it seems to be a natural scene. In fact, the poet uses this metaphor to metaphor the injustice in the world and contains specific social content. The image is clear and the expression is subtle. Chinese classical poems often use pine trees to describe people. Before this poem, such as Liu Zhen's "Gift to Congdi"; after this poem, such as Wu Jun's "Gift to Wang Guiyang", pine trees are used to describe people's noble character. The connotation is: Very rich.
The four sentences "The world's most powerful people are squeezing into high positions" describe that at that time, the children of wealthy families occupied high-ranking officials, while the scholars from humble backgrounds were mired in low-level official positions. This phenomenon is just like the "pines at the bottom of the stream" and the "seedlings on the mountain". It is the terrain that makes them like this. It has a long history and does not happen overnight. At this point, the poem has gone from hidden to explicit, and is relatively clear. Here, vivid language is used to effectively expose the unreasonable phenomena caused by the clan system. Historically, the clan system had already developed in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. By the time Cao Wei implemented the "Nine Ranks Zhongzheng System", it had consolidated the clan's rule. During the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the continued implementation of the "nine-level Zhongzheng system", the rule of clans was further strengthened, and its shortcomings became increasingly obvious. Duan Zhuo said: "Today's Taiwan Pavilion election, Tu has blocked his ears and eyes; the nine-rank visitors only ask about the Zhongzheng. Therefore, those who are in the top rank are not the descendants of the princes, and they are the Kun brothers of Tu. If the two of them behave in this way, they will be Pimen." The talents of Penghu are not as good as those of Lu Shen!" ("The Book of Jin·Duan Zhuo Biography") At that time, the imperial court only relied on the middle and high-ranking officials. As a result, the top-ranking officials were all the sons of nobles, and the career of poor people was blocked. Liu Yi's famous "Eight Loss Shu" severely condemned Zhongzheng's unfairness: "Today Zhongzheng does not focus on talents, but only relies on party interests; uneven scales, and only follows love and hate. Those who want to give to others will gain fame in vain. , those who want to be inferior, find faults, compete with the strong and the weak, and rise and fall with the times, regardless of talent and strength, when they are declining, they are cut down, and when they are prosperous, they are raised up. One person's body will become abnormal in ten days, or If you use bribes to gain access, or if you use schemes to advance, those who follow the entrustment will surely achieve success. Those who keep the path will be trapped and have no retribution for themselves, and they will surely be cut off. If they are selfish, they will get what they want. Those who are above are not poor, and those who are below are poor. The powerless clan. They are always there for a reason, and being careless about the time is really a source of chaos and a way to harm the government." ("Book of Jin·Liu Yi Biography") These remarks all reflected the corruption in employment at that time. . Zuo Si's poem started from his own experience and violently criticized the current ills, which has important political significance.
The four sentences "Jin Zhang borrows old business" closely follow the saying "The origin is not one day". The content ranges from general to individual and more specific. Jin refers to the Jin Rixi family. According to the "Book of Han·Jin Rixiu Biography", the Jin family had servants during the seven generations of Emperor Wu, Emperor Zhao, Emperor Xuan, Emperor Yuan, Emperor Cheng, Emperor Ai, and Emperor Ping. Zhang refers to the Zhangtang family. According to the "Hanshu Zhang Tang Biography", since Emperors Xuan and Yuan of the Han Dynasty, there have been more than ten people in the Zhang family who have served as Shizhong, Zhongchangshi, Zhucao Sanqi, and Lieutenant. "In the age of meritorious officials, only the Jin family and the Zhang family are close, favored, and honored, even compared to their relatives." This is one aspect. On the other hand is Feng Gong, also known as Feng Tang. He was from the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty and was very talented, but he was old and could only serve as a minor official like Director Zhonglang. Here, a contrastive method is used to express the specific content of "the world's most humble man is in a high position, and his handsome man is humble to his subordinates". Moreover, it closely follows the title of the poem "Ode to History". He Zhuo has long pointed out that Zuo Si's "Ode to History" is actually a chant to Huai. Poets only use history to express their feelings and ruthlessly expose and criticize unreasonable social phenomena.
Zuo Si (about 250-305), whose courtesy name was Taichong, was a native of Linzi (now Zibo, Shandong) of Qi State. He was a famous writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. His "Sandu Fu" was highly praised at that time, which made Luoyang "paper expensive". Zuo Si has been mediocre in appearance but outstanding in talent since he was a child. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, his sister Zuofen was elected to the palace, and his family moved to Luoyang where he served as Secretary Lang. During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty, he relied on the powerful Jia Mi and became an important member of the "Twenty-Four Friends" of the literati group. In the first year of Yongkang (300), because Jia Mi was executed, he retreated to Yichunli and concentrated on writing. Later, King Sima Ji of Qi called him to be the governor of the Record Office, but he refused. In the second year of Tai'an (303), Zhang Fang moved to Jizhou because of Zhang Fang's attack on Luoyang, and died of illness soon after.
Zuo Si
There are pines on Tingting Mountain, and there is a stroke in Sese Valley. How loud is the sound of the wind, how strong are the branches of the pine trees. The frost is miserable, but the whole year is always upright. Wouldn't it be cold? Pines and cypresses have their own nature. ——Wei and Jin Dynasties·Liu Zhen's "Gift to Concubine"
Gift to Concubine
Wei and Jin Dynasties: Liu Zhen's Three Hundred Ancient Poems, Chinese Ancient Poems, Ode to Things, Pine Trees Say Zhiyedian Peach blossoms are red and pink, and willows and tobacco are green on the streets. If I don't see off my guests in the east city, I won't know what spring will be like after that. ——Yuan Dynasty·Zhao Mengfu's "Dongcheng"
Dongcheng
Yuan Dynasty: Zhao Mengfu's Three Hundred Ancient Poems, Peach Blossoms, Willows Cherish the Spring, How bright the bright moon is, shine on my bed curtains. I can't sleep due to sadness, so I pick up my clothes and wander around. Although it is a pleasant trip, it is better to return home early. When I go out and feel alone, who should I complain to for my worries? The leader returned to the room and shed tears on his clothes.
——The Two Han Dynasties·Anonymous "How Bright the Moon Is Bright"
How Bright the Moon Is
The Two Han Dynasties: Anonymous Three Hundred Ancient Poems, Nineteen Ancient Poems, The Moon Thinks of Return